Arsenic, long synonymous in people's mind with poison exhibits a varied, fascinating and dynamic biogeochemistry. Chemically and biologically reactive, its chemical form, or speciation, changes with slight variations in chemical or biological conditions. Depending upon the extent to which any arsenic containing system is dominated by physical/chemical or biological process, the forms of arsenic may change between the various in organic and methylated species, and may alter rapidly with varying conditions. Early research revolved around the formulation of pigments, and later in the development of effective medicines. Later still, thanks due to its long history as a poison, arsenic was included in numerous agricultural practices, mainly as a herbicide or pesticide. It has also seen service in the rather more specialised field of chemical warfare, and still poses threats as a result of improper disposal. Much of the recent research has focused on the identification of previously unknown organoarsenic species found in estuarine and marine waters. This work is building up an understanding of the biological pathways involved in the biochemical cycling of arsenic. Little work has been carried out with respect to the cycling of arsenic in freshwaters in comparison to that in marine and estuarine waters. Similarly, there has been less work performed on the speciation of arsenic in freshwater sediment interstitial waters, than there has on marine sediments, or intertidal sediments. The characterisation of arsenic in dynamic porewater poses a set of unusual and difficult problems, not the least being the procurement of representative, discrete samples. A number of potential sampling methods are reviewed, and variations on the thin film gel sampling technique are drought to provide perhaps the best option, although this will depend upon the type of intertidal sediment being investigated, and the information sought. It may be impossible to propose a general model of arsenic cycling either at a local scale or at a global level. This is of course due to the great diversity in ecosystems, each having different controls over arsenic speciation, and containing different biological communities. Once a given system has been described, the patterns of arsenic speciation (both spatially and temporally) are explainable, and potential impacts can be identified, but (hey cannot be transferred to another system. The continuing accumulation of information regarding arsenic speciation in different systems is helping in the unravelling of the larger global arsenic cycle. Such an understanding can only be a benefit in the development of safe and efficient remediation schemes for contaminated soil and aquatic systems.
{"title":"Arsenic in the Environment","authors":"I. Jones","doi":"10.1201/b12350-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b12350-20","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic, long synonymous in people's mind with poison exhibits a varied, fascinating and dynamic biogeochemistry. Chemically and biologically reactive, its chemical form, or speciation, changes with slight variations in chemical or biological conditions. Depending upon the extent to which any arsenic containing system is dominated by physical/chemical or biological process, the forms of arsenic may change between the various in organic and methylated species, and may alter rapidly with varying conditions. Early research revolved around the formulation of pigments, and later in the development of effective medicines. Later still, thanks due to its long history as a poison, arsenic was included in numerous agricultural practices, mainly as a herbicide or pesticide. It has also seen service in the rather more specialised field of chemical warfare, and still poses threats as a result of improper disposal. Much of the recent research has focused on the identification of previously unknown organoarsenic species found in estuarine and marine waters. This work is building up an understanding of the biological pathways involved in the biochemical cycling of arsenic. Little work has been carried out with respect to the cycling of arsenic in freshwaters in comparison to that in marine and estuarine waters. Similarly, there has been less work performed on the speciation of arsenic in freshwater sediment interstitial waters, than there has on marine sediments, or intertidal sediments. The characterisation of arsenic in dynamic porewater poses a set of unusual and difficult problems, not the least being the procurement of representative, discrete samples. A number of potential sampling methods are reviewed, and variations on the thin film gel sampling technique are drought to provide perhaps the best option, although this will depend upon the type of intertidal sediment being investigated, and the information sought. It may be impossible to propose a general model of arsenic cycling either at a local scale or at a global level. This is of course due to the great diversity in ecosystems, each having different controls over arsenic speciation, and containing different biological communities. Once a given system has been described, the patterns of arsenic speciation (both spatially and temporally) are explainable, and potential impacts can be identified, but (hey cannot be transferred to another system. The continuing accumulation of information regarding arsenic speciation in different systems is helping in the unravelling of the larger global arsenic cycle. Such an understanding can only be a benefit in the development of safe and efficient remediation schemes for contaminated soil and aquatic systems.","PeriodicalId":198997,"journal":{"name":"The Metabolism of Arsenite","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125179274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anaerobic oxidation of arsenite by autotrophic bacteria: the view fromMono Lake, California","authors":"","doi":"10.1201/b12350-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b12350-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198997,"journal":{"name":"The Metabolism of Arsenite","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122824657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Invitation: As series editors we are actually planning the preparation of new books in this series, and would like to ask you whether you or any of your colleagues would be interested to contribute a volume in the area of your expertise. The volume may be an authored or edited book and it may be a collection of selected and peer-reviewed papers from congresses and other scientific events as well. Although arsenic is known as 'silent toxin' since ancient time, and the contamination of drinking water resources by geogenic arsenic was described from different places around the world long ago —as e.g. in Argentina in 1917— it was not before two decades ago, that it received overwhelming public attention worldwide. As a consequence of the biggest arsenic calamity in the world was detected two decades ago in Southeast Asia, there has been an exponential rise in the scientific interest that triggered high quality research. Since then arsenic contamination in drinking water resources, soils, plants and air of predominantly geogenic origin, the propagation of arsenic in the food chain, the chronic affects of arsenic ingestion by humans, and their toxicological and related public health consequences, were described in many parts of the world, and every year new countries or regions are discovered, where the arsenic problem was not known so far. The presence of arsenic is found in several regions distributed all around the world, both in developing and industrialized countries; although mitigating the problem is quiet different in both, related to the different economic and social conditions in both country groups. Considering high concentrations of As in the drinking water only, it has been estimated that 200 million people worldwide are at risk; a number which is expected to further increase due to the recent lowering of the limits of arsenic concentration in drinking water to actually 10 μg/l, as it was already adopted by many countries, and considerations for even further decreasing this value. The book series " Arsenic in the Environment " is an inter-and multidisciplinary source of information, making an effort to link the occurrence of geogenic arsenic in different environments and the potential contamination of ground-and surface water, soil and air and their effect on the human society. The series fulfills the growing interest on the arsenic issue worldwide which is going alongside with stronger regulations of arsenic contents in drinking NEW BOOK SERIES
{"title":"Arsenic in the environment","authors":"J. Bundschuh","doi":"10.1201/b12350-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b12350-6","url":null,"abstract":"Invitation: As series editors we are actually planning the preparation of new books in this series, and would like to ask you whether you or any of your colleagues would be interested to contribute a volume in the area of your expertise. The volume may be an authored or edited book and it may be a collection of selected and peer-reviewed papers from congresses and other scientific events as well. Although arsenic is known as 'silent toxin' since ancient time, and the contamination of drinking water resources by geogenic arsenic was described from different places around the world long ago —as e.g. in Argentina in 1917— it was not before two decades ago, that it received overwhelming public attention worldwide. As a consequence of the biggest arsenic calamity in the world was detected two decades ago in Southeast Asia, there has been an exponential rise in the scientific interest that triggered high quality research. Since then arsenic contamination in drinking water resources, soils, plants and air of predominantly geogenic origin, the propagation of arsenic in the food chain, the chronic affects of arsenic ingestion by humans, and their toxicological and related public health consequences, were described in many parts of the world, and every year new countries or regions are discovered, where the arsenic problem was not known so far. The presence of arsenic is found in several regions distributed all around the world, both in developing and industrialized countries; although mitigating the problem is quiet different in both, related to the different economic and social conditions in both country groups. Considering high concentrations of As in the drinking water only, it has been estimated that 200 million people worldwide are at risk; a number which is expected to further increase due to the recent lowering of the limits of arsenic concentration in drinking water to actually 10 μg/l, as it was already adopted by many countries, and considerations for even further decreasing this value. The book series \" Arsenic in the Environment \" is an inter-and multidisciplinary source of information, making an effort to link the occurrence of geogenic arsenic in different environments and the potential contamination of ground-and surface water, soil and air and their effect on the human society. The series fulfills the growing interest on the arsenic issue worldwide which is going alongside with stronger regulations of arsenic contents in drinking NEW BOOK SERIES","PeriodicalId":198997,"journal":{"name":"The Metabolism of Arsenite","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125270091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genotoxic and carcinogenic risk of arsenic exposure. Influence of interindividual genetic variability","authors":"","doi":"10.1201/b12350-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b12350-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198997,"journal":{"name":"The Metabolism of Arsenite","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126411223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. French, A. Elfick, Kim de Mora, J. Haseloff, J. Ajioka, N. Joshi
{"title":"Development of biosensors for the detection of arsenic in drinking water","authors":"C. French, A. Elfick, Kim de Mora, J. Haseloff, J. Ajioka, N. Joshi","doi":"10.1201/b12350-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b12350-13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198997,"journal":{"name":"The Metabolism of Arsenite","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123115834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Bertin, L. Geist, D. Halter, Sandrine Koechler, Marie Marchal, F. Arsène-Ploetze
{"title":"Microbial arsenic response and metabolism in the genomics era","authors":"P. Bertin, L. Geist, D. Halter, Sandrine Koechler, Marie Marchal, F. Arsène-Ploetze","doi":"10.1201/B12350-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B12350-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198997,"journal":{"name":"The Metabolism of Arsenite","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122378680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arsenite oxidation – regulation of gene expression","authors":"M. Wojnowska, S. Djordjević","doi":"10.1201/B12350-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B12350-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198997,"journal":{"name":"The Metabolism of Arsenite","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132273816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Giant Mine,Yellowknife, Canada: Arsenite waste as the legacy of gold mining and processing","authors":"M. J. Bromstad, H. Jamieson","doi":"10.1201/B12350-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B12350-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198997,"journal":{"name":"The Metabolism of Arsenite","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121908413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overview of microbial arsenic metabolism and resistance","authors":"J. Stolz","doi":"10.1201/B12350-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B12350-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198997,"journal":{"name":"The Metabolism of Arsenite","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128279775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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