Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.18
Aliaksandr Cyargeenka
Białowieża Forest as a tourist product of the area on the Polish - Belarusian borderland The Białowieża Forest is a unique area in Europe, being the only remaining part of primeval deciduous and mixed forests in the region. Favourable relations between Poland and Belarus after the collapse of the USSR opened up the previously closed border, resulting in new challenges and opportunities for the tourism product development in the Białowieża Forest. This article explores the historical and geopolitical factors that have influenced changes in tourist traffic dynamics. It examines the impact of various factors at different levels, scales and dimensions, including natural and cultural values, environmental protection, accessibility, and border and visa - related matters. The study suggests that factors at the national and international levels have a more significant impact on the tourist product than those at the local and regional levels. One of the primary barriers to the development of a joint cross - border tourist product is the lack of free border crossings, although the relaxation period of the border regime in 2015 – 2019 established a border visa - free zone in Belarus.
{"title":"Białowieża Forest as a tourist product of the area on the Polish-Belarusian borderland","authors":"Aliaksandr Cyargeenka","doi":"10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.18","url":null,"abstract":"Białowieża Forest as a tourist product of the area on the Polish - Belarusian borderland The Białowieża Forest is a unique area in Europe, being the only remaining part of primeval deciduous and mixed forests in the region. Favourable relations between Poland and Belarus after the collapse of the USSR opened up the previously closed border, resulting in new challenges and opportunities for the tourism product development in the Białowieża Forest. This article explores the historical and geopolitical factors that have influenced changes in tourist traffic dynamics. It examines the impact of various factors at different levels, scales and dimensions, including natural and cultural values, environmental protection, accessibility, and border and visa - related matters. The study suggests that factors at the national and international levels have a more significant impact on the tourist product than those at the local and regional levels. One of the primary barriers to the development of a joint cross - border tourist product is the lack of free border crossings, although the relaxation period of the border regime in 2015 – 2019 established a border visa - free zone in Belarus.","PeriodicalId":201125,"journal":{"name":"Geografický časopis - Geographical Journal","volume":"67 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.17
Andrea čorbová, Pavol Hurbánek, Konštantín Rosina
Thematic
专题
{"title":"Vývoj tematickej presnosti vrstvy hustoty nepriepustnosti pre roky 2006 a 2009 na Slovensku a v Česku","authors":"Andrea čorbová, Pavol Hurbánek, Konštantín Rosina","doi":"10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.17","url":null,"abstract":"Thematic","PeriodicalId":201125,"journal":{"name":"Geografický časopis - Geographical Journal","volume":"52 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.20
Magdaléna Nemčíková, Daša Oremusová, Tomáš Havlíček, Alfred Krogmann
Religious affiliation in Czechia and Slovakia: Comparison and regional differentiation The dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993 also led to a different development of reli - giosity 1 in Czechia and Slovakia in the last 30 years, which, however, continued to take into account the historical conditions of the last centuries. The current state of the religious structure of the population of Czechia and Slovakia is the result of the influence of several common (both states in the EU, open borders in the Schengen area, etc.), but also different factors (different role in the relationship between the church and the state, different number of migrants from abroad, migration from Slovakia to Czechia, etc.). The paper aims to analyse the development of religiosity of the population in both states over the last 30 years and to explain the causes of regional differentiation in Czechia and Slovakia. By comparing the results of the 1991 and 2021 censuses, we have identified not only spatial disparities at the national and regional level but also the driving forces that had the greatest impact on them. Secularization tendencies on the one hand and interest in new religiosity or alternative spirituality can be observed in both countries, but in the case of Czechia it is a more pronounced acceleration.
{"title":"Religious affiliation in Czechia and Slovakia: Comparison and regional differentiation","authors":"Magdaléna Nemčíková, Daša Oremusová, Tomáš Havlíček, Alfred Krogmann","doi":"10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.20","url":null,"abstract":"Religious affiliation in Czechia and Slovakia: Comparison and regional differentiation The dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993 also led to a different development of reli - giosity 1 in Czechia and Slovakia in the last 30 years, which, however, continued to take into account the historical conditions of the last centuries. The current state of the religious structure of the population of Czechia and Slovakia is the result of the influence of several common (both states in the EU, open borders in the Schengen area, etc.), but also different factors (different role in the relationship between the church and the state, different number of migrants from abroad, migration from Slovakia to Czechia, etc.). The paper aims to analyse the development of religiosity of the population in both states over the last 30 years and to explain the causes of regional differentiation in Czechia and Slovakia. By comparing the results of the 1991 and 2021 censuses, we have identified not only spatial disparities at the national and regional level but also the driving forces that had the greatest impact on them. Secularization tendencies on the one hand and interest in new religiosity or alternative spirituality can be observed in both countries, but in the case of Czechia it is a more pronounced acceleration.","PeriodicalId":201125,"journal":{"name":"Geografický časopis - Geographical Journal","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.16
Denis Cerić
Obstacles to cross - border tourism cooperation across the Baltic Sea as seen by Interreg stakeholders Cross - border tourism cooperation offers significant benefits, yet it faces numerous barriers and obstacles. Unfortunately, studies on cross - border cooperation across sea borders remain limited, with a lack of scientific discourse on key topics such as obstacles to cooperation. To address this gap, this paper aims to identify and discuss the main obstacles to cross - border tourism cooperation across sea borders in the Baltic Sea region. Through qualitative analysis involving 35 in - depth interviews with stake-holders representing various aspects of tourism cooperation within the EU Interreg programme and different parts of the region, 43 distinct obstacles were identified. Among these, five obstacles were consistently mentioned by a significant portion of respondents: language barriers, poor human resources, reimbursement principles of financing projects, bureaucracy, and cultural differences. The identified obstacles were categorized and discussed in relation to the existing literature on cross - border cooperation barriers. Surprisingly, the Baltic Sea itself, often perceived as a hindrance due to vast distances and limited accessibility, was not highly ranked as an obstacle by stakeholders. Instead, it was seen as both a reason and an opportunity for cooperation. The research confirmed that the most significant obstacles to tourism cross - border cooperation in the Baltic Sea region align with those found in the literature on land borders, albeit with different importance.
{"title":"Obstacles to cross-border tourism cooperation across the Baltic Sea as seen by Interreg stakeholders","authors":"Denis Cerić","doi":"10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.16","url":null,"abstract":"Obstacles to cross - border tourism cooperation across the Baltic Sea as seen by Interreg stakeholders Cross - border tourism cooperation offers significant benefits, yet it faces numerous barriers and obstacles. Unfortunately, studies on cross - border cooperation across sea borders remain limited, with a lack of scientific discourse on key topics such as obstacles to cooperation. To address this gap, this paper aims to identify and discuss the main obstacles to cross - border tourism cooperation across sea borders in the Baltic Sea region. Through qualitative analysis involving 35 in - depth interviews with stake-holders representing various aspects of tourism cooperation within the EU Interreg programme and different parts of the region, 43 distinct obstacles were identified. Among these, five obstacles were consistently mentioned by a significant portion of respondents: language barriers, poor human resources, reimbursement principles of financing projects, bureaucracy, and cultural differences. The identified obstacles were categorized and discussed in relation to the existing literature on cross - border cooperation barriers. Surprisingly, the Baltic Sea itself, often perceived as a hindrance due to vast distances and limited accessibility, was not highly ranked as an obstacle by stakeholders. Instead, it was seen as both a reason and an opportunity for cooperation. The research confirmed that the most significant obstacles to tourism cross - border cooperation in the Baltic Sea region align with those found in the literature on land borders, albeit with different importance.","PeriodicalId":201125,"journal":{"name":"Geografický časopis - Geographical Journal","volume":"196 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.19
Petr Meyer, Silvie R. Kučerová
Development of the basic school network in Czechia in the last three decades: Changes and current challenges The article deals with the development of the basic school (ISCED 1 and 2) network in Czechia in the last three decades. Developmental changes and tendencies of selected characteristics as well as their territorial specific features are considered in the context of the OECD scenarios of the future of education. The focus is mainly on the change in the number of schools and the structure of its operators. Furthermore, the challenges and current problems of the Czech basic education system related to spatial factors of schooling are presented. In the context of long - term development, the development of the number of schools can be described as relatively stable. However, the last decade has witnessed a continuous increase of private basic schools, especially in urban municipalities. Growing number of students at schools, predominantly in the hinterland of the cities, has further highlighted the unpreparedness and rigidity in the governance and organisation of regional education, especially in school capacity planning. The paper also shares a critical review about the emerging educational policy tool called middle layer of support and points out selected negative aspects of the school catchment system. Spatially, there will probably not be extreme changes in the school network at the macro - regional level in the near future, however, some changes in local scale could be expected.
{"title":"Development of the basic school network in Czechia in the last three decades: Changes and current challenges","authors":"Petr Meyer, Silvie R. Kučerová","doi":"10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2023.75.4.19","url":null,"abstract":"Development of the basic school network in Czechia in the last three decades: Changes and current challenges The article deals with the development of the basic school (ISCED 1 and 2) network in Czechia in the last three decades. Developmental changes and tendencies of selected characteristics as well as their territorial specific features are considered in the context of the OECD scenarios of the future of education. The focus is mainly on the change in the number of schools and the structure of its operators. Furthermore, the challenges and current problems of the Czech basic education system related to spatial factors of schooling are presented. In the context of long - term development, the development of the number of schools can be described as relatively stable. However, the last decade has witnessed a continuous increase of private basic schools, especially in urban municipalities. Growing number of students at schools, predominantly in the hinterland of the cities, has further highlighted the unpreparedness and rigidity in the governance and organisation of regional education, especially in school capacity planning. The paper also shares a critical review about the emerging educational policy tool called middle layer of support and points out selected negative aspects of the school catchment system. Spatially, there will probably not be extreme changes in the school network at the macro - regional level in the near future, however, some changes in local scale could be expected.","PeriodicalId":201125,"journal":{"name":"Geografický časopis - Geographical Journal","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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