Pub Date : 2019-11-18DOI: 10.1515/9783110669411-001
Bartłomiej Skowron
This book is a collection of articles authored by Polish ontologists living and working in the early part of the 21st century. Harking back to the well-known Polish Lvov-Warsaw School, founded by Kazimierz Twardowski,1 we try to make our ontological considerations as systematically rigorous and clear as possible – i.e. to the greatest extent feasible, but also no more than the subject under consideration itself allows for. Hence, the papers presented here do not seek to steer clear of methods of inquiry typical of either the formal or the natural sciences: on the contrary, they use such methods wherever possible. At the same time, I would like to draw attention to the fact that despite their adherence to rigorous methods, the Polish ontologists included here do not avoid traditional ontological issues, being inspired as they most certainly are by the great masters of Western philosophy – from Plato and Aristotle, through St. Thomas and Leibniz, to Husserl, to name arguably just the most important. The subject of the present volume is no single ontological issue, in that its purpose is to demonstrate the richness of ontology as currently practised in Poland. The articles contained here touch upon and range across the most important ontological issues: substance and dispositions, persons and knowledge, as well as language, time and mathematical objects – not to mention the ontology of action and the metaphysics of possible worlds. During the very first meeting of the Polish Philosophical Society in Lvov in 1904, Kazimierz Twardowski spoke the following words: “The one and only dogma of the Society will be the conviction that dogmatism is the greatest enemy of scientific work. Just as all radii of a circle, though originating from different points around its circumference, combine and meet in its center, so we wish all directions taken by the work and philosophical views of our Society to aim at just one goal: the illumination of the truth” (Twardowski, 1904, p. 241, trans. C. Humphries). The philosophical metaphor of a circle, in which various methods and issues, striving for true cognition, converge in the middle, fits well with the current book: the reader will encounter ontological analyses here
这本书是由21世纪初生活和工作的波兰本体论家撰写的文章的合集。回顾由Kazimierz Twardowski创立的著名的波兰利沃夫-华沙学派(Lvov-Warsaw School)，我们试图使我们的本体论考虑尽可能系统地严格和清晰——即在最大程度上可行，但也不超过所考虑的主题本身所允许的范围。因此，这里提出的论文并没有试图避开形式科学或自然科学的典型调查方法:相反，他们尽可能地使用这些方法。与此同时，我想提请注意的事实是，尽管他们坚持严格的方法，这里包括的波兰本体论家并没有回避传统的本体论问题，他们受到西方哲学大师的启发，从柏拉图和亚里士多德，通过圣托马斯和莱布尼茨，到胡塞尔，可以说是最重要的。本卷的主题不是单一的本体论问题，因为它的目的是展示丰富的本体论，目前在波兰实行。这里包含的文章涉及并涵盖了最重要的本体论问题:物质和倾向，人与知识，以及语言，时间和数学对象-更不用说行动的本体论和可能世界的形而上学。1904年，在利沃夫召开的波兰哲学学会第一次会议上，卡齐米日·特瓦尔多夫斯基发表了以下讲话:“该学会唯一的信条就是坚信教条主义是科学工作的最大敌人。正如一个圆的所有半径，虽然起源于其圆周的不同点，但在其中心结合和会合，所以我们希望我们社会的工作和哲学观点所采取的所有方向都瞄准一个目标:真理的启示”(Twardowski, 1904, p. 241，译)。c·汉弗莱斯)。追求真实认识的各种方法和问题在中间汇合的圆圈的哲学隐喻与本书非常吻合:读者将在这里遇到本体论分析
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