Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896100.003.0010
J. Maddicott
This chapter traces Prideaux’s career from the opening of the Long Parliament in November 1640 to his departure from Oxford in July 1642, immediately before the start of the Civil War. This was a period when, with Laud removed from the political and ecclesiastical scene, Prideaux’s fortunes revived. He began to publish again, was a member of the Lords’ subcommittee on religious reform, and in November 1641 was made bishop of Worcester in an attempt by the king to placate his puritan and parliamentary opponents. The Commons at this time were almost obsessively anti-Catholic, their obsessiveness increased by the outbreak of rebellion in Ireland. But they were also increasing hostile to all bishops, and Prideaux’s promotion had the opposite effect to that intended. Shortly before his elevation he had been made Oxford’s vice-chancellor, under the new chancellor, Philip Herbert, earl of Pembroke. As war came near, Prideaux identified himself ever more closely with the king’s cause, using his university position to raise money for Charles, an event which precipitated the Commons’ fury and led Prideaux to flee to his diocesan seat at Worcester. The revival in his fortunes had been short-lived.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896100.003.0006
J. Maddicott
This chapter first considers Prideaux’s reputation as an exceptionally learned man and then describes his work as a scholar. His outstanding linguistic ability and his facility in Hebrew and Arabic are assessed, and the extent to which these talents were brought to bear on biblical exegesis is considered. The chapter goes on to outline his particular interest in some Protestant themes, notably the pre-Reformation ancestry of the Protestant churches and the extent to which Protestant ideas had been anticipated in the work and lives of some dissident medieval Catholics such as Grosseteste and Wyclif. It next considers the contexts in which his learning was displayed, especially that of the annual Oxford Act, where he lectured to a large and socially varied audience. One particular Act lecture, on reason and theology, is taken as a sample and analysed more closely. The chapter closes with an analysis of what remains of Prideaux’s library, now at Worcester Cathedral, in order to show what his books reveal about his interests and talents. His favourite authors are identified and the sources of his books discussed.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896100.003.0001
J. Maddicott
This chapter charts the rise of John Prideaux from a Devonshire farming background to the headship of Exeter College, Oxford, an institution refounded and revivified a generation earlier by the Elizabethan statesman Sir William Petre. It shows how Prideaux’s talents were spotted in his boyhood by a local patron, a member of the Reynell family, and it outlines both the general religious situation in the Church of England and the particular religious milieu of the College which Prideaux entered in 1596. Strongly Calvinist and anti-Catholic, the College and its learned rector, Thomas Holland, exercised a formative influence on Prideaux’s intellectual and religious development. The chapter describes his early work as a college tutor, writer for undergraduates, and theological magnet for foreign scholars and students. It goes on to show the significance of his promotion to a chaplaincy in the household of Henry, Prince of Wales, James I’s son and heir, whose influence brought him the headship of his College. Stress is laid on the importance both of patronage and of Prideaux’s personal qualities––intellectual force, hard work, and ambition––in explaining his rise to eminence as a scholar and college head.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896100.003.0004
J. Maddicott
This chapter traces the process by which Exeter College was largely rebuilt during Prideaux’s rectorship. This was one of his major achievements, which transformed a ramshackle and higgledy-piggledy college into a model of well-planned order and even grandeur devised around a central quadrangle. The chapter analyses Prideaux’s relations with the leading benefactors––John Peryam, Sir John Acland, George Hakewill––who made the rebuilding possible and stresses the common ground in religion which underlay their friendly relations. It also raises the question why Prideaux fundraising efforts were so narrowly confined to the city of Exeter and its immediate hinterland. The new buildings are described, with particular attention being paid to the hall and the chapel, and the course of the rebuilding and its consequential costs are outlined. Finally, stress is laid on the degree to which the rebuilding was regarded as a religious enterprise intended in part to promote the work of the church through the provision of more rooms for undergraduates whose destiny it might be to serve as clerics. His achievement in renewing Exeter’s physical structure was recognized even by his enemy Peter Heylyn. The chapter draws on a hitherto unknown file of informal and personal letters between Prideaux, benefactors, and College fellows.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896100.003.0008
J. Maddicott
The focus of this chapter is on the increasingly difficult relationship between Prideaux and William Laud, Oxford’s chancellor from 1630 and Canterbury’s archbishop from 1633. It describes a series of initial minor conflicts culminating in the much larger conflict of 1631, when Prideaux appears to have promoted an unsuccessful Calvinist rebellion against the growing Arminian presence within the university. Particular attention is paid to the enmity between Prideaux and Peter Heylyn, Laud’s leading henchman, who maliciously foisted on Prideaux radically sabbatarian views designed to turn his puritan supporters against him. A related conflict set Prideaux against his College for the first and only time in his life. Laud was also at odds with Prideaux over relations with the foreign Protestant churches, which Laud wished to keep at arm’s length but which Prideaux supported––though not to the extent of giving his backing to the ecumenist John Dury, who vainly sought Prideaux’s help in promoting the reunion of the churches. The chapter also analyses Prideaux’s opposition to the heretical Socinians and, unrelatedly, to Laud’s revision of the university statutes, the culminating triumph of his chancellorship and one which, in 1636, brought the king to Oxford for a grand celebration.
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