We study whether public charging infrastructure drives battery electric vehicle adoption. Our analysis is based on granular, annual information on the location of public charging infrastructure and the battery electric vehicle ownership rate across 356 Norwegian LAU-2 municipalities between 2009 and 2019. We focus on areas in which the first public charging infrastructure was installed in this time period. In these mostly rural areas, the establishment of a first public charging station initiated adoption. We find, on average, an increase of the local electric vehicle ownership rate by 1.5 percentage points or 200% over 5 years. Our results are robust to anticipatory effects. They also remain unaffected from different treatment thresholds: the median number of public chargers in a municipality between 2009 and 2019 or the median density of public charging points per 1,000 inhabitants in the same time frame. While we cannot fully rule out reverse effects, we identify public charging infrastructure to serve as a stimulus to the diffusion of battery electric vehicles.
{"title":"Public Charging Infrastructure and Electric Vehicles in Norway","authors":"Felix Schulz, J. Rode","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3931394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3931394","url":null,"abstract":"We study whether public charging infrastructure drives battery electric vehicle adoption. Our analysis is based on granular, annual information on the location of public charging infrastructure and the battery electric vehicle ownership rate across 356 Norwegian LAU-2 municipalities between 2009 and 2019. We focus on areas in which the first public charging infrastructure was installed in this time period. In these mostly rural areas, the establishment of a first public charging station initiated adoption. We find, on average, an increase of the local electric vehicle ownership rate by 1.5 percentage points or 200% over 5 years. Our results are robust to anticipatory effects. They also remain unaffected from different treatment thresholds: the median number of public chargers in a municipality between 2009 and 2019 or the median density of public charging points per 1,000 inhabitants in the same time frame. While we cannot fully rule out reverse effects, we identify public charging infrastructure to serve as a stimulus to the diffusion of battery electric vehicles.","PeriodicalId":203578,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN: Electric & Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles (Topic)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133789315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transportation through electrical battery-powered cars can facilitate to decreasing fuel expenses and cut back greenhouse gas emissions. Electrified transportation requires a large kind of charging networks to be established during an eco-friendly atmosphere. Wireless electrical battery-powered vehicle charging systems is an identical different technology to charge the electric cars with none plug-in problems. This paper specifies the strategies of Wireless Charging of Electrical Vehicles (WCEV's). The WCEV is taken into account one amongst rising transportation systems during which the EV’s battery is charged through Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) generation. Similarly to in providing an automobile with the specified electricity to recharge the battery of electric vehicle (EV) system has several kinds the most important of them is a wireless charging system that transmits power from transmitter to receiver with none contact. During this project, the technology for electric car wireless charging is reviewed using the technique of inductive coupling. WPT is the transfer of electrical electricity from the power supply to a load without the usage of physical connectors. WPT circuitry is placed within the automobile that receives activated while the car reaches the charging location. The number one coil is supplied from the charging station. Flux is radiated out of the number one coil and link with number two coil present within the Electric vehicle. The voltage which is induced in number two coil is then regulated, then rectified and is used to charge the EV battery.
{"title":"Smart Charging of Electric Vehicle","authors":"Akshada Jadhav, Ganesh Ghorpade, Nayan Kanthikar, Nitesh Anwat","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3645314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3645314","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation through electrical battery-powered cars can facilitate to decreasing fuel expenses and cut back greenhouse gas emissions. Electrified transportation requires a large kind of charging networks to be established during an eco-friendly atmosphere. Wireless electrical battery-powered vehicle charging systems is an identical different technology to charge the electric cars with none plug-in problems. This paper specifies the strategies of Wireless Charging of Electrical Vehicles (WCEV's). The WCEV is taken into account one amongst rising transportation systems during which the EV’s battery is charged through Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) generation. Similarly to in providing an automobile with the specified electricity to recharge the battery of electric vehicle (EV) system has several kinds the most important of them is a wireless charging system that transmits power from transmitter to receiver with none contact. During this project, the technology for electric car wireless charging is reviewed using the technique of inductive coupling. WPT is the transfer of electrical electricity from the power supply to a load without the usage of physical connectors. WPT circuitry is placed within the automobile that receives activated while the car reaches the charging location. The number one coil is supplied from the charging station. Flux is radiated out of the number one coil and link with number two coil present within the Electric vehicle. The voltage which is induced in number two coil is then regulated, then rectified and is used to charge the EV battery.","PeriodicalId":203578,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN: Electric & Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115516559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The emissions reductions from the adoption of a new transportation technology depend on the emissions from the new technology relative to those from the displaced technology. We evaluate the emissions reductions from electric vehicles (EVs) by identifying which vehicles would have been purchased had EVs not been available. We do so by estimating a random coefficients discrete choice model of new vehicle demand and simulating counterfactual sales with EVs no longer subsidized or removed from the new vehicle market. Our results suggest that vehicles that EVs replace are relatively fuel-efficient: EVs replace gasoline vehicles with an average fuel economy of 4.2 mpg above the fleet-wide average and 12 percent of them replace hybrid vehicles. This implies that ignoring the non-random replacement of gasoline vehicles would result in overestimating emissions benefits of EVs by 39 percent. Federal income tax credits resulted in a 29 percent increase in EV sales, but 70 percent of the credits were obtained by households that would have bought an EV without the credits. By simulating alternative subsidy designs, we find that a subsidy designed to provide greater incentives to low-income households would have been more cost effective and less regressive.
{"title":"What Does an Electric Vehicle Replace?","authors":"Jianwei Xing, Benjamin Leard, Shanjun Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3333188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3333188","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The emissions reductions from the adoption of a new transportation technology depend on the emissions from the new technology relative to those from the displaced technology. We evaluate the emissions reductions from electric vehicles (EVs) by identifying which vehicles would have been purchased had EVs not been available. We do so by estimating a random coefficients discrete choice model of new vehicle demand and simulating counterfactual sales with EVs no longer subsidized or removed from the new vehicle market. Our results suggest that vehicles that EVs replace are relatively fuel-efficient: EVs replace gasoline vehicles with an average fuel economy of 4.2 mpg above the fleet-wide average and 12 percent of them replace hybrid vehicles. This implies that ignoring the non-random replacement of gasoline vehicles would result in overestimating emissions benefits of EVs by 39 percent. Federal income tax credits resulted in a 29 percent increase in EV sales, but 70 percent of the credits were obtained by households that would have bought an EV without the credits. By simulating alternative subsidy designs, we find that a subsidy designed to provide greater incentives to low-income households would have been more cost effective and less regressive.","PeriodicalId":203578,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN: Electric & Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles (Topic)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114465718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandros Dimitropoulos, Jos N. van Ommeren, P. Koster, P. Rietveld
This paper presents an approach for the estimation of welfare effects of tax policy changes under heterogeneity in consumer preferences. The approach is applied to evaluate the welfare effects of current tax advantages for electric vehicles supplied as fringe benefits by employers. Drawing on stated preferences of Dutch company car drivers, we assess the short-run welfare effects of changes in the taxation of the private use of these vehicles. We find that the welfare gain of a marginal increase in the taxation of electric company cars is substantial and even outweighs the marginal tax revenue raised.
{"title":"Welfare Effects of Distortionary Tax Incentives Under Preference Heterogeneity: An Application to Employer-Provided Electric Cars","authors":"Alexandros Dimitropoulos, Jos N. van Ommeren, P. Koster, P. Rietveld","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2445304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2445304","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an approach for the estimation of welfare effects of tax policy changes under heterogeneity in consumer preferences. The approach is applied to evaluate the welfare effects of current tax advantages for electric vehicles supplied as fringe benefits by employers. Drawing on stated preferences of Dutch company car drivers, we assess the short-run welfare effects of changes in the taxation of the private use of these vehicles. We find that the welfare gain of a marginal increase in the taxation of electric company cars is substantial and even outweighs the marginal tax revenue raised.","PeriodicalId":203578,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN: Electric & Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles (Topic)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133222360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Catenacci, Elena Verdolini, V. Bosetti, G. Fiorese, Nadia Ameli
The paper describes the results of a survey, carried out with leading EU experts, on the capacity of both fully electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles to reach commercial success in the next twenty years. The success of electric transport is hampered by a combination of low range, scarce efficiency and high costs of batteries. Costs are expected to decrease in response to increasing sales volume and technical improvements, and advances would result from adequate investments in research, development and demonstration (RD&D). Experts’ judgements are collected to shed light on the inherently uncertain relationship between RD&D efforts and consequent technical progress, and to assess the complex dynamics that will hinder or support the widespread diffusion of electric vehicles. The analysis of the experts’ data results in a number of important policy recommendations to guide future RD&D choices and target commitments both for the EU and its member states.
{"title":"Going Electric: Expert Survey on the Future of Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles","authors":"M. Catenacci, Elena Verdolini, V. Bosetti, G. Fiorese, Nadia Ameli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2192529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2192529","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the results of a survey, carried out with leading EU experts, on the capacity of both fully electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles to reach commercial success in the next twenty years. The success of electric transport is hampered by a combination of low range, scarce efficiency and high costs of batteries. Costs are expected to decrease in response to increasing sales volume and technical improvements, and advances would result from adequate investments in research, development and demonstration (RD&D). Experts’ judgements are collected to shed light on the inherently uncertain relationship between RD&D efforts and consequent technical progress, and to assess the complex dynamics that will hinder or support the widespread diffusion of electric vehicles. The analysis of the experts’ data results in a number of important policy recommendations to guide future RD&D choices and target commitments both for the EU and its member states.","PeriodicalId":203578,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN: Electric & Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124869987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We use car-level micro data to provide empirical evidence on the usage of conventional and electric vehicles (EVs) in private and car sharing fleets in Germany. We shed light on both monetary and non-monetary barriers to EV adoption and usage by exploiting the feature that variable costs are identical for shared vehicles but different for private car owners across engine types. While drivers respond to monetary incentives when using conventional cars, this does not hold for EVs. We find that EVs are, on average, driven shorter distances than conventional vehicles, both in terms of annual and single-day mileage, even if costs are identical. We also document that car sharing intensifies the usage of conventional cars but not that of EVs.
{"title":"Beyond Monetary Barriers to Electric Vehicle Adoption: Evidence From Observed Usage of Private and Shared Cars","authors":"Wolfgang Habla, Vera Huwe, Martin Kesternich","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3625452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3625452","url":null,"abstract":"We use car-level micro data to provide empirical evidence on the usage of conventional and electric vehicles (EVs) in private and car sharing fleets in Germany. We shed light on both monetary and non-monetary barriers to EV adoption and usage by exploiting the feature that variable costs are identical for shared vehicles but different for private car owners across engine types. While drivers respond to monetary incentives when using conventional cars, this does not hold for EVs. We find that EVs are, on average, driven shorter distances than conventional vehicles, both in terms of annual and single-day mileage, even if costs are identical. We also document that car sharing intensifies the usage of conventional cars but not that of EVs.","PeriodicalId":203578,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN: Electric & Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles (Topic)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115023988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：