Proceedings of PICMET '14 Conference: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology; Infrastructure and Service Integration最新文献
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1142/9781786344069_0018
S. Cunningham, J. Kwakkel
The paper concerns the measurement and forecasting of technological change, a topic relevant to many high-tech organizations and their customers. We revisit recent and classic data sets from technology forecasting data envelopment analysis (TFDEA) research and technometrics in light of a new visualization technique known as t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE). The technique is a non-linear visualization technique for preserving local structure in high-dimensional spaces of data. The technique may be classified as a form of topological data analysis. Specifically each point in the space represents a potential technological design or implementation, and each line segment in the space represents a local measure of technological improvement or degradation. We hypothesize six distinct kinds of performance development in technology within this space including the frontier, the fold, the salient, the soliton, and the lock-in. Then we examine the spaces to determine which kinds of development are the best explanations for observed development. The technique is not extrapolative, and therefore cannot supplant existing technometric methods. Nonetheless the approach offers a useful diagnostic to existing technometric methods, and may help advance theories of technological development.
{"title":"Technological frontiers and embeddings: A visualization approach","authors":"S. Cunningham, J. Kwakkel","doi":"10.1142/9781786344069_0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9781786344069_0018","url":null,"abstract":"The paper concerns the measurement and forecasting of technological change, a topic relevant to many high-tech organizations and their customers. We revisit recent and classic data sets from technology forecasting data envelopment analysis (TFDEA) research and technometrics in light of a new visualization technique known as t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE). The technique is a non-linear visualization technique for preserving local structure in high-dimensional spaces of data. The technique may be classified as a form of topological data analysis. Specifically each point in the space represents a potential technological design or implementation, and each line segment in the space represents a local measure of technological improvement or degradation. We hypothesize six distinct kinds of performance development in technology within this space including the frontier, the fold, the salient, the soliton, and the lock-in. Then we examine the spaces to determine which kinds of development are the best explanations for observed development. The technique is not extrapolative, and therefore cannot supplant existing technometric methods. Nonetheless the approach offers a useful diagnostic to existing technometric methods, and may help advance theories of technological development.","PeriodicalId":203730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of PICMET '14 Conference: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology; Infrastructure and Service Integration","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115514365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1142/S0219877017400028
S. Arunagiri, M. Mathew
Understanding technology evolution through periodic landscaping is an important stage of strategic planning in R&D Management. In fields like that of healthcare, where the initial R&D investment is huge and good medical product serve patients better, these activities become crucial. Approximately five percentage of the world population has hearing disabilities. Current hearing aid products meet less than ten percent of the global needs. Patent data and classifications on cochlear implants from 1977-2010, show the landscapes and evolution in the area of such implant. We attempt to highlight emergence and disappearance of patent classes over period of time showing variations in cochlear implant technologies. A network analysis technique is used to explore and capture technology evolution in patent classes showing what emerged or disappeared over time. Dominant classes are identified. The sporadic influence of university research in cochlear implants is also discussed.
{"title":"Exploring technology evolution using patent classification: A case of cochlear implant technology patents","authors":"S. Arunagiri, M. Mathew","doi":"10.1142/S0219877017400028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877017400028","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding technology evolution through periodic landscaping is an important stage of strategic planning in R&D Management. In fields like that of healthcare, where the initial R&D investment is huge and good medical product serve patients better, these activities become crucial. Approximately five percentage of the world population has hearing disabilities. Current hearing aid products meet less than ten percent of the global needs. Patent data and classifications on cochlear implants from 1977-2010, show the landscapes and evolution in the area of such implant. We attempt to highlight emergence and disappearance of patent classes over period of time showing variations in cochlear implant technologies. A network analysis technique is used to explore and capture technology evolution in patent classes showing what emerged or disappeared over time. Dominant classes are identified. The sporadic influence of university research in cochlear implants is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":203730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of PICMET '14 Conference: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology; Infrastructure and Service Integration","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124216338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1504/ijetp.2016.074489
Tanunya Visessonchok, H. Sasaki, I. Sakata
Energy efficiency in Thailand remains low despite the escalating energy consumption. Moreover, Thailand's energy security situation is risky and unsustainable due to its large proportion of energy import and heavy dependency on natural gas for electricity generation. In this paper, a complete citation-based approach employing academic and patent data are utilized in order to detect the emerging technologies for green buildings in tropical countries like Thailand. Data from academic papers and patents are studied simultaneously, and solar cooling has been identified as a promising technology. Solar cooling possesses great potential since it closely fits the environment in Thailand where there is abundant sunlight all year round and air conditioning consumes roughly half of the total electrical usage.
{"title":"Detection and introduction of emerging technologies for green buildings in Thailand","authors":"Tanunya Visessonchok, H. Sasaki, I. Sakata","doi":"10.1504/ijetp.2016.074489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijetp.2016.074489","url":null,"abstract":"Energy efficiency in Thailand remains low despite the escalating energy consumption. Moreover, Thailand's energy security situation is risky and unsustainable due to its large proportion of energy import and heavy dependency on natural gas for electricity generation. In this paper, a complete citation-based approach employing academic and patent data are utilized in order to detect the emerging technologies for green buildings in tropical countries like Thailand. Data from academic papers and patents are studied simultaneously, and solar cooling has been identified as a promising technology. Solar cooling possesses great potential since it closely fits the environment in Thailand where there is abundant sunlight all year round and air conditioning consumes roughly half of the total electrical usage.","PeriodicalId":203730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of PICMET '14 Conference: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology; Infrastructure and Service Integration","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125770539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1142/S0219877017400041
Zheng Qiao, Lu-cheng Huang, Fei-fei Wu, Dan Wu, Hui Zhang
Study of technological knowledge diffusion can provide a basis for R&D planners to invest new R&D projects with a proper direction. In this paper, we introduce a modified method to analyze the diffusion degree of technological knowledge among different technological fields using patent data at the technology patent class level. This method first generates a patent citation network related to a specific research area and then establishes a technological field diffusion matrix according to the concordance between the patent document and the corresponding patent class. After that indicators are set up to measure the diffusion degree of technological field from two aspects of diffusion depth and breadth and then we discern the diffusion types of typical fields. Finally, we conduct microfluidic technology as a case study to prove the feasibility of the method.
{"title":"Analyzing technological knowledge diffusion among technological fields using patent data: The example of microfluidics","authors":"Zheng Qiao, Lu-cheng Huang, Fei-fei Wu, Dan Wu, Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1142/S0219877017400041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877017400041","url":null,"abstract":"Study of technological knowledge diffusion can provide a basis for R&D planners to invest new R&D projects with a proper direction. In this paper, we introduce a modified method to analyze the diffusion degree of technological knowledge among different technological fields using patent data at the technology patent class level. This method first generates a patent citation network related to a specific research area and then establishes a technological field diffusion matrix according to the concordance between the patent document and the corresponding patent class. After that indicators are set up to measure the diffusion degree of technological field from two aspects of diffusion depth and breadth and then we discern the diffusion types of typical fields. Finally, we conduct microfluidic technology as a case study to prove the feasibility of the method.","PeriodicalId":203730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of PICMET '14 Conference: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology; Infrastructure and Service Integration","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130308949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1504/IJTM.2016.078568
Yoshimasa Goto, K. Gemba
This paper proposes a new innovation management scheme called “implicit patent alliance,” and discusses its effectiveness and the conditions required to enact such a scheme with case study of inkjet printers. “Implicit patent alliance” is a patent management scheme in order to create appropriability of innovation. In many markets except a few such as medicine and chemicals, essential patents may not help patentees to dominate the market, because products consist of many essential patents distributed among companies. This situation gives opportunity for many companies to enter the market, and makes the existing patent system ineffective in the process of innovation appropriability. If few companies have essential patents and they cross-license only among them and do not license to their competitors that have no essential patent, a collection of these cross-licenses would work as a virtual alliance which can occupy essential patents. We call this virtual alliance “implicit patent alliance”. Implicit patent alliance is capable to create appropriability of innovation thanks to occupying essential patents even in the markets such as electronics and machinery where one product consists of many patents. In the ink-jet printer market, three patentees of essential patents, Canon, EPSON and Hewlett-Packard, have been in the relation of cross-license only among them. They did not license to outside alliance and dominated the market.
{"title":"Implicit patent alliance acquiring the appropriability of innovation: A case study on inkjet printer companies","authors":"Yoshimasa Goto, K. Gemba","doi":"10.1504/IJTM.2016.078568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2016.078568","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new innovation management scheme called “implicit patent alliance,” and discusses its effectiveness and the conditions required to enact such a scheme with case study of inkjet printers. “Implicit patent alliance” is a patent management scheme in order to create appropriability of innovation. In many markets except a few such as medicine and chemicals, essential patents may not help patentees to dominate the market, because products consist of many essential patents distributed among companies. This situation gives opportunity for many companies to enter the market, and makes the existing patent system ineffective in the process of innovation appropriability. If few companies have essential patents and they cross-license only among them and do not license to their competitors that have no essential patent, a collection of these cross-licenses would work as a virtual alliance which can occupy essential patents. We call this virtual alliance “implicit patent alliance”. Implicit patent alliance is capable to create appropriability of innovation thanks to occupying essential patents even in the markets such as electronics and machinery where one product consists of many patents. In the ink-jet printer market, three patentees of essential patents, Canon, EPSON and Hewlett-Packard, have been in the relation of cross-license only among them. They did not license to outside alliance and dominated the market.","PeriodicalId":203730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of PICMET '14 Conference: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology; Infrastructure and Service Integration","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122366718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18558-3_2
Ibrahim Iskin, T. Daim
{"title":"Technology assessment for energy efficiency programs in Pacific Northwest","authors":"Ibrahim Iskin, T. Daim","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-18558-3_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18558-3_2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":203730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of PICMET '14 Conference: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology; Infrastructure and Service Integration","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132931102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The assessment of photovoltaic technologies using multiple perspectives such as social, technological, economic, environmental, and political (STEEP) have become increasingly important in the last several years. Each perspective is composed of multiple criteria with the social and political perspectives gaining more significance. A hierarchical decision model using expert judgment quantification was developed to provide the relative ranking of the criteria. Such modeling is effective in assessing technologies considering multiple competing perspectives and criteria. The model was operationalized via desirability functions for each criterion. The combined results provide scores for each technology and indicate in which criteria the technology needs improvement. In earlier research the electric utility worldview was considered to assess multiple photovoltaic technologies. In this paper the solar photovoltaic manufacturer worldview case study is presented.
{"title":"Assessment of solar photovoltaic technologies using multiple perspectives and hierarchical decision modeling: Manufacturers worldview","authors":"N. Sheikh, Young-Jun Park, D. Kocaoglu","doi":"10.15760/ETD.978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15760/ETD.978","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of photovoltaic technologies using multiple perspectives such as social, technological, economic, environmental, and political (STEEP) have become increasingly important in the last several years. Each perspective is composed of multiple criteria with the social and political perspectives gaining more significance. A hierarchical decision model using expert judgment quantification was developed to provide the relative ranking of the criteria. Such modeling is effective in assessing technologies considering multiple competing perspectives and criteria. The model was operationalized via desirability functions for each criterion. The combined results provide scores for each technology and indicate in which criteria the technology needs improvement. In earlier research the electric utility worldview was considered to assess multiple photovoltaic technologies. In this paper the solar photovoltaic manufacturer worldview case study is presented.","PeriodicalId":203730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of PICMET '14 Conference: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology; Infrastructure and Service Integration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125509418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proceedings of PICMET '14 Conference: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology; Infrastructure and Service Integration
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