Pub Date : 2019-07-12DOI: 10.1039/9781788016100-00039
M. Alizadeh Behjani, M. Pasha, Haifeng Lu, C. Hare, A. Hassanpour
This chapter reviews the main prevailing features of flow in particulate systems. The flow behaviour of a powder is a function of different parameters and conditions, such as the particle properties, applied stresses, flow regime, environmental conditions, and time. The differences and similarities of bulk materials and liquids in terms of stress distribution are discussed, and the main mathematical models for estimation of these stresses are mentioned briefly. This chapter also discusses the relation between stress and strain rate in different powder flow regimes, such as the static, quasi-static, intermediate, and rapid granular regimes. The flow behaviour of powder alters with changes in environmental conditions, such as the temperature, relative humidity, and electrostatic charging, all of which are discussed here.
{"title":"Chapter 3. Prevailing Conditions of Flow in Particulate Systems","authors":"M. Alizadeh Behjani, M. Pasha, Haifeng Lu, C. Hare, A. Hassanpour","doi":"10.1039/9781788016100-00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016100-00039","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the main prevailing features of flow in particulate systems. The flow behaviour of a powder is a function of different parameters and conditions, such as the particle properties, applied stresses, flow regime, environmental conditions, and time. The differences and similarities of bulk materials and liquids in terms of stress distribution are discussed, and the main mathematical models for estimation of these stresses are mentioned briefly. This chapter also discusses the relation between stress and strain rate in different powder flow regimes, such as the static, quasi-static, intermediate, and rapid granular regimes. The flow behaviour of powder alters with changes in environmental conditions, such as the temperature, relative humidity, and electrostatic charging, all of which are discussed here.","PeriodicalId":20461,"journal":{"name":"Powder Flow","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87516117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-12DOI: 10.1039/9781788016100-00209
C. Hare, A. Hassanpour
This chapter gives a brief overview of the main aspects of powder flow theory described in Chapters 2 and 3, and provides a perspective on the suitable powder flow characterisation techniques (described in Chapter 4) with consideration of the application. The key aspects of the applications covered in Chapter 6 are summarised, and the contribution of modelling (Chapter 5) to help in understanding powder flow is discussed. The chapter concludes by highlighting some emerging processes for which powder flow challenges have arisen, and suggesting areas of powder flow for which further research is important.
{"title":"Chapter 7. Summary and Concluding Remarks","authors":"C. Hare, A. Hassanpour","doi":"10.1039/9781788016100-00209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016100-00209","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter gives a brief overview of the main aspects of powder flow theory described in Chapters 2 and 3, and provides a perspective on the suitable powder flow characterisation techniques (described in Chapter 4) with consideration of the application. The key aspects of the applications covered in Chapter 6 are summarised, and the contribution of modelling (Chapter 5) to help in understanding powder flow is discussed. The chapter concludes by highlighting some emerging processes for which powder flow challenges have arisen, and suggesting areas of powder flow for which further research is important.","PeriodicalId":20461,"journal":{"name":"Powder Flow","volume":"CE-28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84569297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-12DOI: 10.1039/9781788016100-00004
A. Ryck, C. Hare
In this chapter, the macroscopic mechanical response of a bulk particulate material is described and quantified following the simple Mohr–Coulomb approach. The yielding of the material, its cohesion and bulk friction are described, as well as the compressibility. The physical origin of the collective mechanical response is investigated by describing the set of forces acting on the particles. Both this macroscopic and mesoscopic approach allow the particle and particle assembly characteristics pertinent to the flowability of bulk particulate systems to be described.
{"title":"Chapter 2. Flow Related Properties of Bulk Particulate Systems","authors":"A. Ryck, C. Hare","doi":"10.1039/9781788016100-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016100-00004","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the macroscopic mechanical response of a bulk particulate material is described and quantified following the simple Mohr–Coulomb approach. The yielding of the material, its cohesion and bulk friction are described, as well as the compressibility. The physical origin of the collective mechanical response is investigated by describing the set of forces acting on the particles. Both this macroscopic and mesoscopic approach allow the particle and particle assembly characteristics pertinent to the flowability of bulk particulate systems to be described.","PeriodicalId":20461,"journal":{"name":"Powder Flow","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72652687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-12DOI: 10.1039/9781788016100-00147
Y. Guo, C. Pei, A. Krok, L. Zhang, C. Y. Wu, M. Alizadeh Behjani, A. Hassanpour
This chapter reviews the fundamentals and applications of the most common methodologies used for modelling powder flow. Continuum and discrete approaches, such as the finite element method and the discrete element method (DEM), are described briefly. Continuum methods function based on constitutive laws, including the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, as well as the relationship between the stress tensor and strain rate in a discretised computational domain. Particles and their interactions are not explicitly considered in this approach; nevertheless, this method is computationally affordable for modelling industrial processes. On the other hand, discrete models have the ability to directly incorporate the interactions of the particles into simulations and to model the movement of individual particles. Based on this, discrete models offer invaluable insight into particle behaviour in different powder flow regimes. However, modelling a large number of particles using DEM is still a challenge and sometimes a hindrance. The applications of numerical modelling in different processes, namely hopper discharge, filling and blending, are reviewed. These simulations are mainly influenced by process conditions, such as the speed of a process and wall pressures, as well as particles attributes, i.e. size distribution, shape, density, and surface conditions. While DEM-based models have made significant progress in considering the effects of these parameters, the continuum approaches are yet to develop more.
{"title":"Chapter 5. Modelling of Powder Flow","authors":"Y. Guo, C. Pei, A. Krok, L. Zhang, C. Y. Wu, M. Alizadeh Behjani, A. Hassanpour","doi":"10.1039/9781788016100-00147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016100-00147","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the fundamentals and applications of the most common methodologies used for modelling powder flow. Continuum and discrete approaches, such as the finite element method and the discrete element method (DEM), are described briefly. Continuum methods function based on constitutive laws, including the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, as well as the relationship between the stress tensor and strain rate in a discretised computational domain. Particles and their interactions are not explicitly considered in this approach; nevertheless, this method is computationally affordable for modelling industrial processes. On the other hand, discrete models have the ability to directly incorporate the interactions of the particles into simulations and to model the movement of individual particles. Based on this, discrete models offer invaluable insight into particle behaviour in different powder flow regimes. However, modelling a large number of particles using DEM is still a challenge and sometimes a hindrance. The applications of numerical modelling in different processes, namely hopper discharge, filling and blending, are reviewed. These simulations are mainly influenced by process conditions, such as the speed of a process and wall pressures, as well as particles attributes, i.e. size distribution, shape, density, and surface conditions. While DEM-based models have made significant progress in considering the effects of these parameters, the continuum approaches are yet to develop more.","PeriodicalId":20461,"journal":{"name":"Powder Flow","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87929672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-12DOI: 10.1039/9781788016100-00177
U. Zafar, V. Vivacqua, A. Hassanpour, G. Raso, M. Marigo
In this chapter, a multi-dimensional approach for understanding powder flow behaviour is presented in the form of two case studies. These include investigating powder bulk properties for a wide range of material physical properties and environmental/storage conditions, and their correlation with powder behaviour during discharge, die-filling and tableting processes. The link between powder properties, bulk flow measurement and behaviour in real application will enhance the understanding of root causes of the powder transfer problems in the manufacturing processes.
{"title":"Chapter 6. Applications and Case Studies","authors":"U. Zafar, V. Vivacqua, A. Hassanpour, G. Raso, M. Marigo","doi":"10.1039/9781788016100-00177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016100-00177","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, a multi-dimensional approach for understanding powder flow behaviour is presented in the form of two case studies. These include investigating powder bulk properties for a wide range of material physical properties and environmental/storage conditions, and their correlation with powder behaviour during discharge, die-filling and tableting processes. The link between powder properties, bulk flow measurement and behaviour in real application will enhance the understanding of root causes of the powder transfer problems in the manufacturing processes.","PeriodicalId":20461,"journal":{"name":"Powder Flow","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79140328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-12DOI: 10.1039/9781788016100-00064
D. Barletta, M. Poletto, A. Santomaso
This chapter provides a review of the state of the art apparatus and procedures for the characterisation of powder flow properties. Classified according to the relevant state of consolidation, their measurement principles and the consequent procedure for different powder flow properties are described in detail. In addition, major available commercial devices are introduced, discussed and summarised based on the powder flow properties that can be measured. Finally, a comparison between the main features of different measurement methods with reference to the relevant powder consolidation, suitable usage, availability of standardised procedures and ease of self-construction of the rig is provided.
{"title":"Chapter 4. Bulk Powder Flow Characterisation Techniques","authors":"D. Barletta, M. Poletto, A. Santomaso","doi":"10.1039/9781788016100-00064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016100-00064","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a review of the state of the art apparatus and procedures for the characterisation of powder flow properties. Classified according to the relevant state of consolidation, their measurement principles and the consequent procedure for different powder flow properties are described in detail. In addition, major available commercial devices are introduced, discussed and summarised based on the powder flow properties that can be measured. Finally, a comparison between the main features of different measurement methods with reference to the relevant powder consolidation, suitable usage, availability of standardised procedures and ease of self-construction of the rig is provided.","PeriodicalId":20461,"journal":{"name":"Powder Flow","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78272210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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