Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198856603.003.0008
D. Cressy
This chapter traces the military history of England’s islands from Elizabethan times to the civil war. It considers the vulnerability of the islands to foreign invasion and their utility as bases of English power. Fortifications were regularly strengthened in times of threat and suffered neglect in intervals of peace. Militarized islands had garrison economies, with substantial investment from London. This chapter examines the shifting deployment of ordnance and soldiery, the condition of castles and garrisons, and their role in England’s wars. Some of the jurisdictional issues addressed in earlier chapters had implications for national security, as island governors marshalled forces and braced for attack.
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Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198856603.003.0010
D. Cressy
This chapter examines the garrison governments that managed most islands during the 1650s, following parliament’s victory in the English civil war. Customary constitutional arrangements were overridden, and island culture became both anglicized and militarized, as the revolutionary state sought to incorporate the periphery into a national administration. While giving lip service to local traditions of law and governance, the republican regime in London appointed English army officers to rule the islands. The new military governors had limited tolerance for insular peculiarities, which nonetheless survived their administrations. Island constitutional issues, as always, were shaded with ideological preference and laced with self-interest, as inhabitants of Jersey, Guernsey, the Isles of Scilly, the Isle of Wight, and the Isle of Man sparred with their masters in London.
{"title":"Interregnum Assets","authors":"D. Cressy","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198856603.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856603.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the garrison governments that managed most islands during the 1650s, following parliament’s victory in the English civil war. Customary constitutional arrangements were overridden, and island culture became both anglicized and militarized, as the revolutionary state sought to incorporate the periphery into a national administration. While giving lip service to local traditions of law and governance, the republican regime in London appointed English army officers to rule the islands. The new military governors had limited tolerance for insular peculiarities, which nonetheless survived their administrations. Island constitutional issues, as always, were shaded with ideological preference and laced with self-interest, as inhabitants of Jersey, Guernsey, the Isles of Scilly, the Isle of Wight, and the Isle of Man sparred with their masters in London.","PeriodicalId":205712,"journal":{"name":"England's Islands in a Sea of Troubles","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133228811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198856603.003.0011
D. Cressy
This chapter studies the exercise of royal authority on England’s islands from 1660 to 1700. Like its predecessors, the Restoration regime balanced political and strategic needs against local customary rights and privileges, though mostly to its own advantage. The islands were assets in international wars with the Dutch and the French. Though Charles II assured islanders that he recognized their traditions, immunities, liberties, and customs, the balance of power generally tilted in favour of the crown. Royal governors such as Lord Christopher Hatton on Guernsey and Lord Thomas Culpeper on the Isle of Wight looked after London’s interests, and their own, while the earls of Derby maintained the stubborn independence of the Isle of Man.
{"title":"Restoration Responsibilities","authors":"D. Cressy","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198856603.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856603.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies the exercise of royal authority on England’s islands from 1660 to 1700. Like its predecessors, the Restoration regime balanced political and strategic needs against local customary rights and privileges, though mostly to its own advantage. The islands were assets in international wars with the Dutch and the French. Though Charles II assured islanders that he recognized their traditions, immunities, liberties, and customs, the balance of power generally tilted in favour of the crown. Royal governors such as Lord Christopher Hatton on Guernsey and Lord Thomas Culpeper on the Isle of Wight looked after London’s interests, and their own, while the earls of Derby maintained the stubborn independence of the Isle of Man.","PeriodicalId":205712,"journal":{"name":"England's Islands in a Sea of Troubles","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116762098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198856603.003.0002
D. Cressy
This first chapter frames this study historiographically and theoretically by reference to scholarship on the British Atlantic archipelago, problems of overlapping and conflicting jurisdictions within early modern England, and the processes and personnel of state formation. Informed by interdisciplinary ‘island studies’, it considers island writing and the distinctiveness of offshore communities, including difficulties of access owing to maritime conditions. Such features as separateness, remoteness, and more than material insularity were exacerbated in jurisdictions surrounded by water. Relations between England’s central government and its offshore periphery entailed qualities of reciprocity and negotiation that were not always forthcoming. The centralizing state made increased demands on the islands, but islanders often responded with recalcitrance and obstruction. Marooned by circumstances as stranded travellers, garrison officers, political prisoners, or refugees from conflict, island writers have reflected on problems of insularity, distance, estrangement, and connection that are recurrent themes in this book.
{"title":"Island Insularities","authors":"D. Cressy","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198856603.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856603.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This first chapter frames this study historiographically and theoretically by reference to scholarship on the British Atlantic archipelago, problems of overlapping and conflicting jurisdictions within early modern England, and the processes and personnel of state formation. Informed by interdisciplinary ‘island studies’, it considers island writing and the distinctiveness of offshore communities, including difficulties of access owing to maritime conditions. Such features as separateness, remoteness, and more than material insularity were exacerbated in jurisdictions surrounded by water. Relations between England’s central government and its offshore periphery entailed qualities of reciprocity and negotiation that were not always forthcoming. The centralizing state made increased demands on the islands, but islanders often responded with recalcitrance and obstruction. Marooned by circumstances as stranded travellers, garrison officers, political prisoners, or refugees from conflict, island writers have reflected on problems of insularity, distance, estrangement, and connection that are recurrent themes in this book.","PeriodicalId":205712,"journal":{"name":"England's Islands in a Sea of Troubles","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125504977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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