Pub Date : 2017-10-11DOI: 10.15406/apar.2017.07.00273
Ayaz Ahmad, F. Hadi, N. Ali, A. Jan
Purpose: Cadmium contaminated saline soil has always been a problem for sustainable agriculture and environment. Cadmium (Cd) is a noxious heavy metal and its co-occurrence with high salt (NaCl) concentrations in soil decreases quality of food and quantity of crops. For this purposes to search the salinity problems in Cd contaminated soil, its uptake and accumulation and its effect on plant growth and biomass were studied in two terrestrial plants. Materials and methods: Different concentration of salt, NaCl (1000 ppm, 3000 ppm and 6000 ppm) in combination with Cd metal (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm) were added into pots soil, the two plants (Hemerocallis fulva and Dodonaea viscosa) were grown in it. For control (C) is used having no cadmium and salt while the remaining three with diverse concentrations of Cd (C1=50 ppm, C2=100 ppm and C3=150 ppm). Results and discussion: Plant biomass and growth were highly reduced under variable concentrations of Cd and salt in soil. Combination of 6000 ppm NaCl and 150 ppm Cd in soil demonstrated highest significant Cd accumulation in the plants. Dodonaea viscosa showed high Cd-bioconcentration value (more than one) as compared to Hemerocallis fulva having less than one. It was noted that Dodonaea viscosa plant accumulate maximum concentration of Cd in sodium salt than Hemerocallis fulva plant. Conclusion: Dodoneae plant potentially hyper accumulator and showed enough tolerance to high concentration of salt during phytoextraction of Cd. It is strongly recommended that such plants should be planted in metal contaminated saline soil and also for the conservation of barren soil.
{"title":"Phytoextraction and Translocation of Cadmium in Saline Soil by Hemerocallis fulva and Dodonaea viscosa Plants","authors":"Ayaz Ahmad, F. Hadi, N. Ali, A. Jan","doi":"10.15406/apar.2017.07.00273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/apar.2017.07.00273","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Cadmium contaminated saline soil has always been a problem for sustainable agriculture and environment. Cadmium (Cd) is a noxious heavy metal and its co-occurrence with high salt (NaCl) concentrations in soil decreases quality of food and quantity of crops. For this purposes to search the salinity problems in Cd contaminated soil, its uptake and accumulation and its effect on plant growth and biomass were studied in two terrestrial plants. Materials and methods: Different concentration of salt, NaCl (1000 ppm, 3000 ppm and 6000 ppm) in combination with Cd metal (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm) were added into pots soil, the two plants (Hemerocallis fulva and Dodonaea viscosa) were grown in it. For control (C) is used having no cadmium and salt while the remaining three with diverse concentrations of Cd (C1=50 ppm, C2=100 ppm and C3=150 ppm). Results and discussion: Plant biomass and growth were highly reduced under variable concentrations of Cd and salt in soil. Combination of 6000 ppm NaCl and 150 ppm Cd in soil demonstrated highest significant Cd accumulation in the plants. Dodonaea viscosa showed high Cd-bioconcentration value (more than one) as compared to Hemerocallis fulva having less than one. It was noted that Dodonaea viscosa plant accumulate maximum concentration of Cd in sodium salt than Hemerocallis fulva plant. Conclusion: Dodoneae plant potentially hyper accumulator and showed enough tolerance to high concentration of salt during phytoextraction of Cd. It is strongly recommended that such plants should be planted in metal contaminated saline soil and also for the conservation of barren soil.","PeriodicalId":21059,"journal":{"name":"Research and reviews in biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79742002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-01DOI: 10.3923/JPT.2011.189.195
S. Ramach, M. Dhanaraju
The present study involves the evaluation of controlled release formulation of Ranitidine for its gastric and duodenal antiulcer activity in rats as animal models. Gastric and duodenal ulcers were produced in rats by pyloric ligation method as described by ShayÂÂet al.[1] and aspirin induced ulcer in rats. The animals were divided separately for both experiments. In each method animals were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group 1 served as normal control in which the animals received only distilled water. Group II served as disease control in which the animals were maintained under same environmental conditions but surgical manipulations done like other groups. Group III received standard drug Ranitidine 50mg/kg orally. Group IV were received Ranitidine formulation respectively with a dose equivalent to Ranitidine 50mg/kg orally by means of suspension. The antiulcer activity of pyloric ligated and aspirin induced animals were correlated for the reduction in ulcer levels. Various parameters likemean volume of gastric secretion,mean pH,mean total acid and ulcer index were calculated and was concluded that the group received Ranitidine formulation exhibited significant antiulcer activity by bothmethods when compared to standard drug Ranitidine. The biopsy report of rat stomach of all the groups were analyzed and was found that rats which received Ranitidine formulation and standard Ranitidine showed good healing of ulcers when compared to disease control group of animals. The mean volume of gastric secretions,mean pH mean total acid and ulcer index for Ranitidine formulation treated group was calculated as 2.67ml, 5.59, 110mEq/l, and 1.74 respectively. From the results it can be concluded that Ranitidine formulation exhibited significant antiulcer effect and the histopathology report also supports and confirm its effect.
{"title":"Evaluation of Gastric and Duodenal Antiulcer Activityof Ranitidine Formulation in Experimental Animals","authors":"S. Ramach, M. Dhanaraju","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2011.189.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2011.189.195","url":null,"abstract":"The present study involves the evaluation of controlled release formulation of Ranitidine for its gastric and duodenal antiulcer activity in rats as animal models. Gastric and duodenal ulcers were produced in rats by pyloric ligation method as described by ShayÂÂet al.[1] and aspirin induced ulcer in rats. The animals were divided separately for both experiments. In each method animals were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group 1 served as normal control in which the animals received only distilled water. Group II served as disease control in which the animals were maintained under same environmental conditions but surgical manipulations done like other groups. Group III received standard drug Ranitidine 50mg/kg orally. Group IV were received Ranitidine formulation respectively with a dose equivalent to Ranitidine 50mg/kg orally by means of suspension. The antiulcer activity of pyloric ligated and aspirin induced animals were correlated for the reduction in ulcer levels. Various parameters likemean volume of gastric secretion,mean pH,mean total acid and ulcer index were calculated and was concluded that the group received Ranitidine formulation exhibited significant antiulcer activity by bothmethods when compared to standard drug Ranitidine. The biopsy report of rat stomach of all the groups were analyzed and was found that rats which received Ranitidine formulation and standard Ranitidine showed good healing of ulcers when compared to disease control group of animals. The mean volume of gastric secretions,mean pH mean total acid and ulcer index for Ranitidine formulation treated group was calculated as 2.67ml, 5.59, 110mEq/l, and 1.74 respectively. From the results it can be concluded that Ranitidine formulation exhibited significant antiulcer effect and the histopathology report also supports and confirm its effect.","PeriodicalId":21059,"journal":{"name":"Research and reviews in biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85178507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-01DOI: 10.3923/IJP.2008.382.387
S. Nourizad, M. Anvari, H. Hasani, M. Salami
Alcohol drinking during pregnancy affects structure and function of different organs of the offspringÂÂs body. Particularly, several parts of the brain are susceptible to harmful effects of alcohol leading to some learning and cognitive problems. The present study aimed to locate a critical period for ethanol induced spatial task impairments in the animals exposed to alcohol during the fetal life. Two month old rats born from mothers treated with alcohol (5.7g/kg) during the first (FH) and second half (SH) and, the first (FQ), second (SQ), third (TQ) and forth quarter (FoQ) of gestational period were subjected to the workingmemory task. The experiments were carried out on an eight arm radial maze across 16 trials. In the first step we found that the animals in the FH group displayed a poor performance compared to their SH counterparts. From these results we concluded that the first half of the pregnancy period is more sensitive to toxic effects of ethanol on the working memory task. The performance of the FQ and SQ groups with the controls demonstrated that only the latter were significantly weak in solving the maze task. The animals related to the TQ and FoQ groups had a similar behavior with the control rats. Comparison of the animalsÂÂ behavior in all groups also revealed that only the SQ group shows the lowest performance. Consequently the findings of this study demonstrate that drinking alcohol during pregnancy underlies cognitive phenomena in offspring. Noticeably, the second 5 days of the fetal life in rats is more susceptible to deleterious effects of alcohol on the radial maze task.
{"title":"A Critical Period for Deleterious Effect ofPrenatal Alcohol Exposure on Working Memory","authors":"S. Nourizad, M. Anvari, H. Hasani, M. Salami","doi":"10.3923/IJP.2008.382.387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJP.2008.382.387","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol drinking during pregnancy affects structure and function of different organs of the offspringÂÂs body. Particularly, several parts of the brain are susceptible to harmful effects of alcohol leading to some learning and cognitive problems. The present study aimed to locate a critical period for ethanol induced spatial task impairments in the animals exposed to alcohol during the fetal life. Two month old rats born from mothers treated with alcohol (5.7g/kg) during the first (FH) and second half (SH) and, the first (FQ), second (SQ), third (TQ) and forth quarter (FoQ) of gestational period were subjected to the workingmemory task. The experiments were carried out on an eight arm radial maze across 16 trials. In the first step we found that the animals in the FH group displayed a poor performance compared to their SH counterparts. From these results we concluded that the first half of the pregnancy period is more sensitive to toxic effects of ethanol on the working memory task. The performance of the FQ and SQ groups with the controls demonstrated that only the latter were significantly weak in solving the maze task. The animals related to the TQ and FoQ groups had a similar behavior with the control rats. Comparison of the animalsÂÂ behavior in all groups also revealed that only the SQ group shows the lowest performance. Consequently the findings of this study demonstrate that drinking alcohol during pregnancy underlies cognitive phenomena in offspring. Noticeably, the second 5 days of the fetal life in rats is more susceptible to deleterious effects of alcohol on the radial maze task.","PeriodicalId":21059,"journal":{"name":"Research and reviews in biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78647659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：