D. Sandwell, R. Mellors, X. Tong, M. Wei, P. Wessel
GMTSAR is an open source (GNU General Public License) InSAR processing system designed for users familiar with Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). The code is written in C and will compile on any computer where GMT and NETCDF are installed. The system has three main components: 1) a preprocessor for each satellite data type (e.g., ERS, Envisat, and ALOS) to convert the native format and orbital information into a generic format; 2) an InSAR processor to focus and align stacks of images, map topography into phase, and form the complex interferogram; 3) a postprocessor, mostly based on GMT, to filter the interferogram and construct interferometric products of phase, coherence, phase gradient, and line-of-sight displacement in both radar and geographic coordinates. GMT is used to display all the products as postscript files and kml-images for Google Earth. A set of C-shell scripts has been developed for standard 2- pass processing as well as image alignment for stacking and time series. ScanSAR processing is also possible but requires a knowledgeable user. Users are welcome to contribute to this effort.
{"title":"GMTSAR: An InSAR Processing System Based on Generic Mapping Tools","authors":"D. Sandwell, R. Mellors, X. Tong, M. Wei, P. Wessel","doi":"10.2172/1090004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1090004","url":null,"abstract":"GMTSAR is an open source (GNU General Public License) InSAR processing system designed for users familiar with Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). The code is written in C and will compile on any computer where GMT and NETCDF are installed. The system has three main components: 1) a preprocessor for each satellite data type (e.g., ERS, Envisat, and ALOS) to convert the native format and orbital information into a generic format; 2) an InSAR processor to focus and align stacks of images, map topography into phase, and form the complex interferogram; 3) a postprocessor, mostly based on GMT, to filter the interferogram and construct interferometric products of phase, coherence, phase gradient, and line-of-sight displacement in both radar and geographic coordinates. GMT is used to display all the products as postscript files and kml-images for Google Earth. A set of C-shell scripts has been developed for standard 2- pass processing as well as image alignment for stacking and time series. ScanSAR processing is also possible but requires a knowledgeable user. Users are welcome to contribute to this effort.","PeriodicalId":214127,"journal":{"name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","volume":"110 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120994089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.2174/1874923201104010131
W. Berger
The astronomer A.E. Douglass is generally recognized as the founding father of dendrochronology. He studied tree rings in the search for evidence that solar variation (as seen in sunspots) is reflected in climate variation. He was convinced that his quest was successful. Analysis of some of his early data using Fourier decomposition and comparison of tree-ring periodograms with those based on known solar cycles suggests that the cycles he found may not exist or may not be of pure solar origin. The findings here reported suggest a much stronger influence of tides on the tree-ring records than commonly considered. Douglass’s great merit as the pioneer of tree-ring dating in archeology and tree ring- based climatology remains unaffected by the findings here presented.
{"title":"Discovery of the 5.7-year Douglass cycle: A pioneer's quest for solar cycles in tree-ring records","authors":"W. Berger","doi":"10.2174/1874923201104010131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874923201104010131","url":null,"abstract":"The astronomer A.E. Douglass is generally recognized as the founding father of dendrochronology. He studied tree rings in the search for evidence that solar variation (as seen in sunspots) is reflected in climate variation. He was convinced that his quest was successful. Analysis of some of his early data using Fourier decomposition and comparison of tree-ring periodograms with those based on known solar cycles suggests that the cycles he found may not exist or may not be of pure solar origin. The findings here reported suggest a much stronger influence of tides on the tree-ring records than commonly considered. Douglass’s great merit as the pioneer of tree-ring dating in archeology and tree ring- based climatology remains unaffected by the findings here presented.","PeriodicalId":214127,"journal":{"name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115996387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water temperature from PALACE float WAT615 on section A12","authors":"R. Davis","doi":"10.1594/PANGAEA.397906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.397906","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214127,"journal":{"name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124755459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erosion due to natural and human activities poses a challenge to the future of California’s coast. A process-based coastal evolution model is being developed to evaluate the past, present, and future rates of erosion of the southern California coast and present this dynamic environment in a visual format. The model consists of a mobile sediment transport component and a bedrock cutting component, both coupled and operating in varying time and space domains determined by sea level and boundaries of the littoral cell. We will utilize retrospective data from geomorphology, tectonics, sea level, climate, and paleoecology to investigate erosional and depositional processes and rates of change. Correlating the earlier shorelines with past climate conditions and time-stepping the ancient coastlines forward to the modern coastline will serve to validate the model. The model then will project the future evolution of the coastline using three scenarios: a most likely change, a minimum change, and a maximum change based on climate projections and possible human interventions. Our goals are to make this modeling technology and 3D visualization accessible to coastal planners and to advance public understanding of coastal evolution.
{"title":"Facing the Coastal Challenge: Modeling Coastal Erosion in Southern California","authors":"D. Inman, P. Masters, S. Jenkins","doi":"10.1061/40761(175)4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/40761(175)4","url":null,"abstract":"Erosion due to natural and human activities poses a challenge to the future of California’s coast. A process-based coastal evolution model is being developed to evaluate the past, present, and future rates of erosion of the southern California coast and present this dynamic environment in a visual format. The model consists of a mobile sediment transport component and a bedrock cutting component, both coupled and operating in varying time and space domains determined by sea level and boundaries of the littoral cell. We will utilize retrospective data from geomorphology, tectonics, sea level, climate, and paleoecology to investigate erosional and depositional processes and rates of change. Correlating the earlier shorelines with past climate conditions and time-stepping the ancient coastlines forward to the modern coastline will serve to validate the model. The model then will project the future evolution of the coastline using three scenarios: a most likely change, a minimum change, and a maximum change based on climate projections and possible human interventions. Our goals are to make this modeling technology and 3D visualization accessible to coastal planners and to advance public understanding of coastal evolution.","PeriodicalId":214127,"journal":{"name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","volume":"2000 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116681353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-20DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48657-4_216-3
D. Inman, S. Jenkins, P. Masters
{"title":"Modeling Platforms, Terraces, and Coastal Evolution","authors":"D. Inman, S. Jenkins, P. Masters","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-48657-4_216-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48657-4_216-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214127,"journal":{"name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129720827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-20DOI: 10.1007/springerreference_29218
D. Inman, S. Jenkins
{"title":"Energy and Sediment Budgets of the Global Coastal Zone","authors":"D. Inman, S. Jenkins","doi":"10.1007/springerreference_29218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference_29218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214127,"journal":{"name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130242288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"(Table A2) Stable oxygen isotope ratio of Globigerinoides sacculifer from sediment core ERDC-089P","authors":"W. Berger, M. Yasuda, T. Bickert, G. Wefer","doi":"10.1594/PANGAEA.267764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.267764","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214127,"journal":{"name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125521920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author(s): Matsui, Tetsuo; Rosenblatt, Richard H | Abstract: The salmoniform fish family Platytroctidae (Searsidae) was last revised by Parr (1960) and then included 17 species in 12 genera. Since Parr's revision, 20 nominal species and 2 genera have been introduced. This rapid increase in new taxa, a number of which are poorly diagnosed and described, has left the taxonomy in an unsatisfactory condition. As a result of our study, 5 species and 2 genera are synonymized. We recognize 37 species (5 new) in 13 genera (1 new). A key to the family is presented and each genus is diagnosed and described, with a synopsis for each species. Besides the sac beneath the cleithrum that contains luminous fluid (shoulder organ), platytroctids are clearly set apart from other alepocephaloids by a number of synapomorphies including the presence of a subcutaneous canal system, a unique arrangement of the anterior predorsal spines, and the configuration of the caudal skeletal complex. Intrafamilial relationships were determined by use of a number of characters, including nature of photophores, presence or absence of a cleithral spine, fin position, shape and configuration of supraorbital and infraorbitals, path of cephalic lateral line canals, and dentition and jaw structure. Subfamilies are not recognized, but lines of relationship between the genera may be discerned. The deeper-living genera (bathypelagic) form a natural group and are regarded as the more advanced. They differ from the shallower-living (mesopelagic) genera in having a spinous cleithral symphysis, and are more compressed, with considerable nonmuscular tissue along the dorsal margin of the body. The platytroctids and alepocephalids are viewed as having had a common ancestor, which perhaps was closest to the Bathyprionidae among living forms. The course of platytroctid evolution is viewed as involving movement from mesopelagic to bathypelagic depths, with many of the morphological changes being reductional. Persparsia is regarded as the most primitive and generalized genus. Most platytroctid distributions are in the form of relatively narrow bands along the highly productive equatorial waters and the western side of continents. More oceanic records are primarily in areas of high-relief bottom, such as ridges and fracture zones, and near oceanic islands. Records of the generalized genera Persparsia and Paraholtbyrnia are from areas where temperatures at mesopelagic depths are relatively high -- up to 12 deg C. However, the remaining mesopelagic genera are mostly distributed meridionally in colder waters of the eastern boundaries of the Atlantic and Pacific. They tend to be rare toward the tropics. The more advanced genera predominate at low latitudes. The generalized eastern boundary forms are typically provincial in distribution. In contrast, four of the more advanced equatorial forms are circumglobal. However, none of them extends south of 24 deg S, and two, Platytroctes apus and Searsia koefoedi,
{"title":"Review of the Deep-Sea Fish Family Platytroctidae (Pisces: Salmoniformes)","authors":"T. Matsui, R. Rosenblatt","doi":"10.2307/1445898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1445898","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Matsui, Tetsuo; Rosenblatt, Richard H | Abstract: The salmoniform fish family Platytroctidae (Searsidae) was last revised by Parr (1960) and then included 17 species in 12 genera. Since Parr's revision, 20 nominal species and 2 genera have been introduced. This rapid increase in new taxa, a number of which are poorly diagnosed and described, has left the taxonomy in an unsatisfactory condition. As a result of our study, 5 species and 2 genera are synonymized. We recognize 37 species (5 new) in 13 genera (1 new). A key to the family is presented and each genus is diagnosed and described, with a synopsis for each species. Besides the sac beneath the cleithrum that contains luminous fluid (shoulder organ), platytroctids are clearly set apart from other alepocephaloids by a number of synapomorphies including the presence of a subcutaneous canal system, a unique arrangement of the anterior predorsal spines, and the configuration of the caudal skeletal complex. Intrafamilial relationships were determined by use of a number of characters, including nature of photophores, presence or absence of a cleithral spine, fin position, shape and configuration of supraorbital and infraorbitals, path of cephalic lateral line canals, and dentition and jaw structure. Subfamilies are not recognized, but lines of relationship between the genera may be discerned. The deeper-living genera (bathypelagic) form a natural group and are regarded as the more advanced. They differ from the shallower-living (mesopelagic) genera in having a spinous cleithral symphysis, and are more compressed, with considerable nonmuscular tissue along the dorsal margin of the body. The platytroctids and alepocephalids are viewed as having had a common ancestor, which perhaps was closest to the Bathyprionidae among living forms. The course of platytroctid evolution is viewed as involving movement from mesopelagic to bathypelagic depths, with many of the morphological changes being reductional. Persparsia is regarded as the most primitive and generalized genus. Most platytroctid distributions are in the form of relatively narrow bands along the highly productive equatorial waters and the western side of continents. More oceanic records are primarily in areas of high-relief bottom, such as ridges and fracture zones, and near oceanic islands. Records of the generalized genera Persparsia and Paraholtbyrnia are from areas where temperatures at mesopelagic depths are relatively high -- up to 12 deg C. However, the remaining mesopelagic genera are mostly distributed meridionally in colder waters of the eastern boundaries of the Atlantic and Pacific. They tend to be rare toward the tropics. The more advanced genera predominate at low latitudes. The generalized eastern boundary forms are typically provincial in distribution. In contrast, four of the more advanced equatorial forms are circumglobal. However, none of them extends south of 24 deg S, and two, Platytroctes apus and Searsia koefoedi, ","PeriodicalId":214127,"journal":{"name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127590731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ampullae of Lorenzini, so characteristic of sharks and rays, have been examined by electrophysiological techniques, and were found not only very sensitive to thermal stimuli, but also remarkably responsive to weak mechanical and electrical stimuli. With these results, the ancient question about the function of these curious sense organs remained, however, unanswered. Subsequently, Dukgraaf and Kalmijn made a behavioral study of the electrical sensitivity of sharks and rays. They found 1. that the shark Scyliorhinus canicula and the ray Raja clavata react reflexly to very weak electric fields in the surrounding sea water, and 2. that the ampullae of Lorenzini are the sense organs by which these reflex actions are mediated. In the following years, Kalmjjn investigated especially the biological significance of the electrical sensitivity. It was demonstrated that 1, the plaice Pleuronectes platessa produces electric fields in the surrounding sea water that are sufficiently strong to be detected by sharks and rays, and 2. that the sharks and rays do not only respond reflexly to these fields, but are also capable of using them in localizing the plaice, even if it has burrowed into the sand. To what extent do sharks and rays in their natural habitat employ their electrical sensitivity? In order to answer this question it was necessary 1. to perform a more extensive study of the electric fields occurring in sea water, and 2, to determine the role these fields play in the life of sharks and rays. The first half of the three month stay at Banyuls was spent in collecting data on these two topics. What is the biological significance of the thermal and mechanical sensitivities of the ampullae of Lorenzini? Sand and Murray demonstrated the thermal and mechanical sensitivities in freshly killed specimens of which the ampullae of Lorenzini were partly or even completely severed from the rest of the animals. Moreover, they applied rather unnatural test stimuli. However, how do these sense organs respond in living animals to more natural stimuli? To examine this aspect, a method was developed by which the activity of the ampullary nerves could be recorded from live, free-swimming sharks. The preliminary results were promising, but, due to lack of experimental animals, this method could not be applied extensively in Utrecht, Therefore, the second half of the time available at Banyuls was reserved for these experiments,
{"title":"Bioelectric Fields in Sea Water and the Function of the Ampullae of Lorenzini in Elasmobranch Fishes","authors":"A. Kalmijn","doi":"10.21236/ad0754799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0754799","url":null,"abstract":"The ampullae of Lorenzini, so characteristic of sharks and rays, have been examined by electrophysiological techniques, and were found not only very sensitive to thermal stimuli, but also remarkably responsive to weak mechanical and electrical stimuli. With these results, the ancient question about the function of these curious sense organs remained, however, unanswered. Subsequently, Dukgraaf and Kalmijn made a behavioral study of the electrical sensitivity of sharks and rays. They found 1. that the shark Scyliorhinus canicula and the ray Raja clavata react reflexly to very weak electric fields in the surrounding sea water, and 2. that the ampullae of Lorenzini are the sense organs by which these reflex actions are mediated. In the following years, Kalmjjn investigated especially the biological significance of the electrical sensitivity. It was demonstrated that 1, the plaice Pleuronectes platessa produces electric fields in the surrounding sea water that are sufficiently strong to be detected by sharks and rays, and 2. that the sharks and rays do not only respond reflexly to these fields, but are also capable of using them in localizing the plaice, even if it has burrowed into the sand. To what extent do sharks and rays in their natural habitat employ their electrical sensitivity? In order to answer this question it was necessary 1. to perform a more extensive study of the electric fields occurring in sea water, and 2, to determine the role these fields play in the life of sharks and rays. The first half of the three month stay at Banyuls was spent in collecting data on these two topics. What is the biological significance of the thermal and mechanical sensitivities of the ampullae of Lorenzini? Sand and Murray demonstrated the thermal and mechanical sensitivities in freshly killed specimens of which the ampullae of Lorenzini were partly or even completely severed from the rest of the animals. Moreover, they applied rather unnatural test stimuli. However, how do these sense organs respond in living animals to more natural stimuli? To examine this aspect, a method was developed by which the activity of the ampullary nerves could be recorded from live, free-swimming sharks. The preliminary results were promising, but, due to lack of experimental animals, this method could not be applied extensively in Utrecht, Therefore, the second half of the time available at Banyuls was reserved for these experiments,","PeriodicalId":214127,"journal":{"name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123284795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author(s): Chen, Lo-Chai | Abstract: Following Matsubara, Sebastodes is synonymized with Sebastes.The form known as S. helvomaculatits found in southern California is distinguished from that species and described as S. simulator, n. sp. S. rhodochloris (Jordan and Gilbert) is synonymized with S. helvomaculatus Ayres, and the form called S. rhodochloris by Phillips is described as S. ensifer, n. sp. S. eos of authors is a complex and a new species, S. rosenblatti, is described. In addition, three other new species, S. noting, S. lentiginossus and S. exsul, are described. Full description is given to each of the seven remaining species of the subgenus Sebastomus. Forms occurring in the southern hemisphere are all referred to as S. capensis. On the basis of similarities in meristics, body configuration, and color patterns, relationships among species of Sebastomus are discussed.Meristic numbers in species of Sebastomus are found to be constant ontogenetically and geographically. Vertebral counts tend to be higher in northern species of Sebastes than in southern ones. Variability of meristic numbers is discussed, using the coefficient of variation as a criterion.Allometry and its significance in taxonomy is discussed. Morphometric characters in speciea of Sebastomus are found to vary geographically. Both slopes and intercepts of the allometric regressions are equally susceptible to variation. There seems to be a correlation between growth rate and body form within a population.Distributional data for all eastern North Pacific species of Sebastes are presented, with 34 new range records. Species of Sebastes are concentrated in the area from 34 to 38°N. As many as 50 species may occur in the same latitudinal range. There seems to have been a barrier near the latitude of San Francisco. A hypothesis involving differentiation following crossing of this barrier can explain the observed pattern of species distribution.Growth of Sebastes umbrosus is studied in detail, using otoliths for age determination. Growth data back-calculated from otolith measurements are compared with those from average lengths of age groups and the discrepancy is discussed. This species can attain an age of 17 but mortality seems to increase after age 7. A Bertalanffy curve describes growth of this species well. Lee's Phenomenon is demonstrated and is explained as result of size-dependent mortality. No compensatory growth is detected and there is no correlation between early and subsequent growth. Fish that grew fast in early years, however, continue to be larger. There is no difference in growth rate between sexes. Individuals from Tanner Bank seem to grow more slowly than those from La Jolla.Growth data of S. rosaoeus, S. ensifer, S. chlorostictus, and S. dallii are also presented, and, along with those of S. umbrosus are compared with those of other species of Sebastes.Individuals of small species of Sebastomus such as umbrosus and ensifer may reach sexual maturity at age 3, wher
{"title":"Systematics, variation, distribution, and biology of rockfishes of the subgenus Sebastomus : (Pisces, Scorpaenidae, Sebastes)","authors":"Lo-chai Chen","doi":"10.2307/1442806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1442806","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Chen, Lo-Chai | Abstract: Following Matsubara, Sebastodes is synonymized with Sebastes.The form known as S. helvomaculatits found in southern California is distinguished from that species and described as S. simulator, n. sp. S. rhodochloris (Jordan and Gilbert) is synonymized with S. helvomaculatus Ayres, and the form called S. rhodochloris by Phillips is described as S. ensifer, n. sp. S. eos of authors is a complex and a new species, S. rosenblatti, is described. In addition, three other new species, S. noting, S. lentiginossus and S. exsul, are described. Full description is given to each of the seven remaining species of the subgenus Sebastomus. Forms occurring in the southern hemisphere are all referred to as S. capensis. On the basis of similarities in meristics, body configuration, and color patterns, relationships among species of Sebastomus are discussed.Meristic numbers in species of Sebastomus are found to be constant ontogenetically and geographically. Vertebral counts tend to be higher in northern species of Sebastes than in southern ones. Variability of meristic numbers is discussed, using the coefficient of variation as a criterion.Allometry and its significance in taxonomy is discussed. Morphometric characters in speciea of Sebastomus are found to vary geographically. Both slopes and intercepts of the allometric regressions are equally susceptible to variation. There seems to be a correlation between growth rate and body form within a population.Distributional data for all eastern North Pacific species of Sebastes are presented, with 34 new range records. Species of Sebastes are concentrated in the area from 34 to 38°N. As many as 50 species may occur in the same latitudinal range. There seems to have been a barrier near the latitude of San Francisco. A hypothesis involving differentiation following crossing of this barrier can explain the observed pattern of species distribution.Growth of Sebastes umbrosus is studied in detail, using otoliths for age determination. Growth data back-calculated from otolith measurements are compared with those from average lengths of age groups and the discrepancy is discussed. This species can attain an age of 17 but mortality seems to increase after age 7. A Bertalanffy curve describes growth of this species well. Lee's Phenomenon is demonstrated and is explained as result of size-dependent mortality. No compensatory growth is detected and there is no correlation between early and subsequent growth. Fish that grew fast in early years, however, continue to be larger. There is no difference in growth rate between sexes. Individuals from Tanner Bank seem to grow more slowly than those from La Jolla.Growth data of S. rosaoeus, S. ensifer, S. chlorostictus, and S. dallii are also presented, and, along with those of S. umbrosus are compared with those of other species of Sebastes.Individuals of small species of Sebastomus such as umbrosus and ensifer may reach sexual maturity at age 3, wher","PeriodicalId":214127,"journal":{"name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132327494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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