Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108355421.008
On 5 March 1946, Winston Churchill delivered his famous Fulton speech where he described an ‘Iron Curtain’ descending across the continent from Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic. The term ‘Iron Curtain’ soon became both a powerful symbol and a structural concept in understanding post-war realities. Five years later, in a lesser-known speech at the House of Commons, Churchill further elaborated on the unfolding Cold War. In a parliamentary debate on exports to China, speaking as the MP for Woodford, his words revealed the relationship with the communist East as the following:
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Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108355421.006
Dora Vargha
{"title":"Sabin Saves the Day","authors":"Dora Vargha","doi":"10.1017/9781108355421.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108355421.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217721,"journal":{"name":"Polio Across the Iron Curtain","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129259632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108355421.012
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108355421.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108355421.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217721,"journal":{"name":"Polio Across the Iron Curtain","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127754803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108355421.002
{"title":"The Power of Polio","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108355421.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108355421.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217721,"journal":{"name":"Polio Across the Iron Curtain","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123116726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108355421.005
Dora Vargha
At first, it seemed that the unprecedented cooperation between emigrants, international organisations, the Catholic Church and the communist government of Hungary was fully successful. Medimpex, the state company that imported the vaccine in the summer of 1957, received an award for its efforts. The following year there was no epidemic and the government celebrated the feat. However, a new and severe outbreak in the summer of 1959, when almost 2,000 children fell prey to the disease, prompted the state and the medical profession to re-evaluate their success. How could such a severe epidemic happen when a high number of children were supposed to have been protected by the Salk vaccine? What went wrong? Who was to blame? Public health officials, parents, ministers and doctors tried to work out the reasons for what appeared to be a complete failure. They engaged in a conversation on effectiveness and prevention by using and producing medical data in various ways, clashing lay and medical experiences, and revealing a broad set of expectations. The introduction of the Salk vaccine, its perceived success and eventual failure was an overtly political issue that manifested in the pages of medical journals and daily newspapers, during visits to the doctor and in private conversations. The uncertainties of knowledge and practice in polio vaccination brought to the fore sweeping, high-stakes problems at all levels of governance and daily life. The controversy that followed the 1959 epidemic provides a glimpse into the way a new vaccine, introduced worldwide over the course of a few years, played out locally, raising the question of the extent to which vaccination with a particular vaccine in different locales could be interpreted as the same. When
{"title":"Local Failure in a Global Success","authors":"Dora Vargha","doi":"10.1017/9781108355421.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108355421.005","url":null,"abstract":"At first, it seemed that the unprecedented cooperation between emigrants, international organisations, the Catholic Church and the communist government of Hungary was fully successful. Medimpex, the state company that imported the vaccine in the summer of 1957, received an award for its efforts. The following year there was no epidemic and the government celebrated the feat. However, a new and severe outbreak in the summer of 1959, when almost 2,000 children fell prey to the disease, prompted the state and the medical profession to re-evaluate their success. How could such a severe epidemic happen when a high number of children were supposed to have been protected by the Salk vaccine? What went wrong? Who was to blame? Public health officials, parents, ministers and doctors tried to work out the reasons for what appeared to be a complete failure. They engaged in a conversation on effectiveness and prevention by using and producing medical data in various ways, clashing lay and medical experiences, and revealing a broad set of expectations. The introduction of the Salk vaccine, its perceived success and eventual failure was an overtly political issue that manifested in the pages of medical journals and daily newspapers, during visits to the doctor and in private conversations. The uncertainties of knowledge and practice in polio vaccination brought to the fore sweeping, high-stakes problems at all levels of governance and daily life. The controversy that followed the 1959 epidemic provides a glimpse into the way a new vaccine, introduced worldwide over the course of a few years, played out locally, raising the question of the extent to which vaccination with a particular vaccine in different locales could be interpreted as the same. When","PeriodicalId":217721,"journal":{"name":"Polio Across the Iron Curtain","volume":"427 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116696267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108355421.009
András Pető, A. Sabin
András Pető College Mária Hári Library and Regional Resource Center City Archives of Budapest Hauck Center for the Albert B. Sabin Archives Digital Collection Historical Archives of Radio Free Europe, Open Society Institute Historical Medical Library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia Hungarian National Film Archive International Committee of the Red Cross Archives Library and Archives of the World Health Organization National Archives of Hungary National Library of Hungary Semmelweis University Central Library Wellcome Library Yale University Library Manuscripts and Archives
András佩策学院Mária Hári图书馆和区域资源中心布达佩斯城市档案馆Hauck中心Albert B. Sabin档案馆数字馆藏自由欧洲电台历史档案;开放社会研究所费城医师学院历史医学图书馆匈牙利国家电影档案馆红十字国际委员会档案馆和世界卫生组织档案馆匈牙利国家档案馆匈牙利国家图书馆塞梅维什大学中央图书馆威康图书馆耶鲁大学图书馆手稿和档案
{"title":"Archives and Collections","authors":"András Pető, A. Sabin","doi":"10.1017/9781108355421.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108355421.009","url":null,"abstract":"András Pető College Mária Hári Library and Regional Resource Center City Archives of Budapest Hauck Center for the Albert B. Sabin Archives Digital Collection Historical Archives of Radio Free Europe, Open Society Institute Historical Medical Library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia Hungarian National Film Archive International Committee of the Red Cross Archives Library and Archives of the World Health Organization National Archives of Hungary National Library of Hungary Semmelweis University Central Library Wellcome Library Yale University Library Manuscripts and Archives","PeriodicalId":217721,"journal":{"name":"Polio Across the Iron Curtain","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133574571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108355421.007
{"title":"After the End of Polio","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108355421.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108355421.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217721,"journal":{"name":"Polio Across the Iron Curtain","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132725174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108355421.003
Dora Vargha
{"title":"Iron Curtain, Iron Lungs","authors":"Dora Vargha","doi":"10.1017/9781108355421.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108355421.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217721,"journal":{"name":"Polio Across the Iron Curtain","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114491294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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