In the development of the infectious process caused by coronaviruses, two stages can be distinguished: early (ethiotropic) and late (pathogenetic). Therapeutic principles depend on these stages. At the first stage, when the virus accumulates, ethiotropic chemotherapeutic drugs suppressing virus reproduction are predominantly used. The article considers 7 major chemotherapeutic approaches aimed at specific targets in the replication of coronaviruses: viral RNA polymerase inhibitors, inhibitors of viral protease Mpro, inhibitors of proteolytic activation of viral protein S, which carries out the virus entry into the target cell, inhibitors of virus uncoating in the intracellular endosomes, exogenous interferon compounds, preparations of natural and recombinant virus neutralizing antibodies, as well as combinations of the above drugs. At the second stage, when the virus multiplication drops down and threatening pathological processes of excessive inflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, hypoxia and threatening sepsis develop, it is reasonable to realize antipathogenetic approaches, such as extracorporeal blood oxygenation, detoxication, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial therapeutic drugs and measures.
{"title":"Coronavirus infection: principles of ethyotropic chemotherapy","authors":"O. Zhirnov","doi":"10.33920/med-06-2003-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-06-2003-03","url":null,"abstract":"In the development of the infectious process caused by coronaviruses, two stages can be distinguished: early (ethiotropic) and late (pathogenetic). Therapeutic principles depend on these stages. At the first stage, when the virus accumulates, ethiotropic chemotherapeutic drugs suppressing virus reproduction are predominantly used. The article considers 7 major chemotherapeutic approaches aimed at specific targets in the replication of coronaviruses: viral RNA polymerase inhibitors, inhibitors of viral protease Mpro, inhibitors of proteolytic activation of viral protein S, which carries out the virus entry into the target cell, inhibitors of virus uncoating in the intracellular endosomes, exogenous interferon compounds, preparations of natural and recombinant virus neutralizing antibodies, as well as combinations of the above drugs. At the second stage, when the virus multiplication drops down and threatening pathological processes of excessive inflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, hypoxia and threatening sepsis develop, it is reasonable to realize antipathogenetic approaches, such as extracorporeal blood oxygenation, detoxication, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial therapeutic drugs and measures.","PeriodicalId":220616,"journal":{"name":"Novejshie zarubezhnye i otechestvennye lekarstvennye preparaty: farmakoterapija, farmakodinamika, farmakokinetika (Newest Foreign and Domestic Preparations: Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117159678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the results of studies of osmolality and pH of 0,9 % sodium chloride of various manufacturers. To obtain data on the pH value, the data used in the passports are used, and the indicators of its osmolality are de- termined using laboratory tests. 0,9 % sodium chloride from different manufacturers has different pH and osmolality. Knowing the actual values of physico-chemical parameters can increase the accuracy of the results of future clinical studies, which compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of modern plasma-substituting solutions and a solution of 0,9 % sodium chloride.
{"title":"Controlled and uncontrolled physicochemical quality indicators of 0.9 % sodium chloride of various manufacturers","authors":"A. Kasatkin, A. Nigmatullina, M. Kopytov","doi":"10.33920/med-06-2003-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-06-2003-01","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studies of osmolality and pH of 0,9 % sodium chloride of various manufacturers. To obtain data on the pH value, the data used in the passports are used, and the indicators of its osmolality are de- termined using laboratory tests. 0,9 % sodium chloride from different manufacturers has different pH and osmolality. Knowing the actual values of physico-chemical parameters can increase the accuracy of the results of future clinical studies, which compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of modern plasma-substituting solutions and a solution of 0,9 % sodium chloride.","PeriodicalId":220616,"journal":{"name":"Novejshie zarubezhnye i otechestvennye lekarstvennye preparaty: farmakoterapija, farmakodinamika, farmakokinetika (Newest Foreign and Domestic Preparations: Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics)","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132664738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Representatives of different groups of lipid-lowering drugs may have some differences in the nature and severity of the effect on the blood lipid spectrum. A new class of drugs, PCSK9 inhibitors, whose activity is associated with a protein involved in the control of low density lipoprotein receptors, has recently appeared. In clinical practice, this group is represented by monoclonal antibody preparations evolocumab and alirocumab. PCSK9 inhibitors are promising drugs for use in combination lipid-lowering therapy, which so far, given the results of clinical studies, can be recommended in the third place after statins and ezetimibe. In clinical studies, it was shown that alirocoumab and evolocumab alone or in combination with statins and/or other lipid-lowering drugs significantly reduce cholesterol levels in low density lipoproteins – by an average of 60%, depending on the dose.
{"title":"Importance of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in the treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis","authors":"M. Maksimov, A. Shikaleva, A. Kuchaeva","doi":"10.33920/med-06-2003-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-06-2003-04","url":null,"abstract":"Representatives of different groups of lipid-lowering drugs may have some differences in the nature and severity of the effect on the blood lipid spectrum. A new class of drugs, PCSK9 inhibitors, whose activity is associated with a protein involved in the control of low density lipoprotein receptors, has recently appeared. In clinical practice, this group is represented by monoclonal antibody preparations evolocumab and alirocumab. PCSK9 inhibitors are promising drugs for use in combination lipid-lowering therapy, which so far, given the results of clinical studies, can be recommended in the third place after statins and ezetimibe. In clinical studies, it was shown that alirocoumab and evolocumab alone or in combination with statins and/or other lipid-lowering drugs significantly reduce cholesterol levels in low density lipoproteins – by an average of 60%, depending on the dose.","PeriodicalId":220616,"journal":{"name":"Novejshie zarubezhnye i otechestvennye lekarstvennye preparaty: farmakoterapija, farmakodinamika, farmakokinetika (Newest Foreign and Domestic Preparations: Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127540899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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