Accurate quantification of air-sea gas transfer velocity is critical for our understanding of air-sea CO2 gas fluxes, global carbon budget and climate responses. CO2 transfer velocity is predominantly subject to constraints of wave-related dynamic processes at the ocean surface layer but is typically parameterized with wind speed. This study proposes and compares two parameterizations which accommodate dimensionless wave terms. The validations are conducted using both laboratory and field measurements of CO2 transfer and wave statistics. A scaling of bubble-mediated gas transfer is implemented into the formula that is linked to wave breaking probability. The improved parameterizations are capable of collapsing combined laboratory and field data sets which comprise diversified conditions of wind, wave and wave breaking.
{"title":"Dimensionless Parameterizations of Air-Sea <em>CO</em><sub>2</sub> Gas Transfer Velocity on Surface Waves","authors":"Shuo Li, Alexander V. Babanin, Changlong Guan","doi":"10.16993/tellusb.1867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16993/tellusb.1867","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate quantification of air-sea gas transfer velocity is critical for our understanding of air-sea CO2 gas fluxes, global carbon budget and climate responses. CO2 transfer velocity is predominantly subject to constraints of wave-related dynamic processes at the ocean surface layer but is typically parameterized with wind speed. This study proposes and compares two parameterizations which accommodate dimensionless wave terms. The validations are conducted using both laboratory and field measurements of CO2 transfer and wave statistics. A scaling of bubble-mediated gas transfer is implemented into the formula that is linked to wave breaking probability. The improved parameterizations are capable of collapsing combined laboratory and field data sets which comprise diversified conditions of wind, wave and wave breaking.","PeriodicalId":22191,"journal":{"name":"Tellus B","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135478455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jost Heintzenberg, Michel Legrand, Yuan Gao, Keiichiro Hara, Shan Huang, Ruhi S. Humphries, Adarsh K. Kamra, Melita D. Keywood, Sergey M. Sakerin
More than 40 years of aerosol data including concentrations of particle number and of nine major ions collected over the Southern Ocean and coastal stations have been aggregated and filtered with back trajectories to reduce the risk of influence from adjacent continents. That provided a rich dataset including latitudinal distribution and seasonality of physical and chemical aerosol parameters that allow insights into aerosol sources over the Southern Ocean. These data together with statistics of back trajectory paths of high (75% percentile) and low (25% percentile) concentrations of the studied aerosol parameters were used to identify potential source regions of the respective compounds. For particle number concentrations, MSA, and the non-sea-salt fractions of Ca and potassium the most prominent source regions were found in high DMS-areas close to Antarctica, whereas the potential source regions of NH4 and the non-sea-salt fraction of Mg were located in part further north over the Southern Ocean. These geographical differences would reflect differences in the marine biota.
{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Distributions of the Natural Non-Sea-Salt Aerosol Over the Southern Ocean and Coastal Antarctica and Its Potential Source Regions","authors":"Jost Heintzenberg, Michel Legrand, Yuan Gao, Keiichiro Hara, Shan Huang, Ruhi S. Humphries, Adarsh K. Kamra, Melita D. Keywood, Sergey M. Sakerin","doi":"10.16993/tellusb.1869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16993/tellusb.1869","url":null,"abstract":"More than 40 years of aerosol data including concentrations of particle number and of nine major ions collected over the Southern Ocean and coastal stations have been aggregated and filtered with back trajectories to reduce the risk of influence from adjacent continents. That provided a rich dataset including latitudinal distribution and seasonality of physical and chemical aerosol parameters that allow insights into aerosol sources over the Southern Ocean. These data together with statistics of back trajectory paths of high (75% percentile) and low (25% percentile) concentrations of the studied aerosol parameters were used to identify potential source regions of the respective compounds. For particle number concentrations, MSA, and the non-sea-salt fractions of Ca and potassium the most prominent source regions were found in high DMS-areas close to Antarctica, whereas the potential source regions of NH4 and the non-sea-salt fraction of Mg were located in part further north over the Southern Ocean. These geographical differences would reflect differences in the marine biota.","PeriodicalId":22191,"journal":{"name":"Tellus B","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study used a water volume-based sampling method in combination with an active fog collector (modified Caltech design) to collect fog water samples during three intensive operation periods at two mountainous study sites in Taiwan. The new setup employed a sample-volume controlled system that dosed the fog water into 10 ml aliquots, which were then collected with a commercial laboratory auto-sampler. We collected fog water samples about 10 times more frequently (median sampling period 3 minutes and 45 seconds) than with traditional sampling schemes. Notably, up to over 200 samples were collected within a single fog event lasting 13 hours. The results showed that the intra-event variabilities of pH (up to over 2 units), conductivity (range almost 1000 μS cm–1), and ion concentrations were generally higher than the inter-event variability. The variabilities exhibited particularly fast changes during phases of fog onset and dissolution; in contrast, the centers of the passing clouds at our mountain research sites were rather homogeneous. Overall, our new method showed a marked improvement in sampling speed over traditional methods.
本研究采用基于水量的采样方法，结合主动雾收集器(改良加州理工学院设计)，在台湾两个山区研究点进行了三个密集作业期的雾水样采集。新的装置采用了一个样品体积控制系统，将雾水分成10毫升的等分，然后用商用实验室自动进样器收集。我们收集雾水样的频率是传统采样方案的10倍(平均采样周期为3分45秒)。值得注意的是，在一次持续13小时的雾事件中收集了多达200多个样本。结果表明，pH值(超过2个单位)、电导率(接近1000 μ S / cm)和离子浓度的事件内变异率普遍高于事件间变异率。变异率在起雾和消散阶段变化特别快;相比之下，在我们的山区研究地点，经过的云的中心相当均匀。总的来说，我们的新方法在采样速度上比传统方法有了明显的提高。
{"title":"Short Sampling Periods: A New Setup to Evaluate the Change in the Chemical Composition of Fog at High Time Resolution","authors":"Bettina Breuer, Neng-Huei (George) Lin, Weiti Tseng, Yen-Jen Lai, Otto Klemm","doi":"10.16993/tellusb.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16993/tellusb.35","url":null,"abstract":"This study used a water volume-based sampling method in combination with an active fog collector (modified Caltech design) to collect fog water samples during three intensive operation periods at two mountainous study sites in Taiwan. The new setup employed a sample-volume controlled system that dosed the fog water into 10 ml aliquots, which were then collected with a commercial laboratory auto-sampler. We collected fog water samples about 10 times more frequently (median sampling period 3 minutes and 45 seconds) than with traditional sampling schemes. Notably, up to over 200 samples were collected within a single fog event lasting 13 hours. The results showed that the intra-event variabilities of pH (up to over 2 units), conductivity (range almost 1000 μS cm–1), and ion concentrations were generally higher than the inter-event variability. The variabilities exhibited particularly fast changes during phases of fog onset and dissolution; in contrast, the centers of the passing clouds at our mountain research sites were rather homogeneous. Overall, our new method showed a marked improvement in sampling speed over traditional methods.","PeriodicalId":22191,"journal":{"name":"Tellus B","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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