Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90840
Prisilla Jayanthi, M. Iyyanki
India’s demographic transition in 1950 has led to decline of high birth and mortality rate to 6.5%, a drop of 0.6% in 2016–2017, as per the economic survey (2017–2018). The crude birth rate and crude mortality rate decreases with the occupation. In this study, the statistical parameter, confidence interval indicates the true range of the mean of the crude birth rate and crude mortality rate computed from the observed data in the study. Location and precision of a measure are made available with the confidence interval. In the study, the results for crude birth rate in 1984 were highest, 95% CI = 32.08–39.22, and in 2011, were lowest, 95% CI = 20.68–25.24, and the results for crude mortality rate in 1984 were highest, 95% CI = 32.08–39.22, and in 2011 were lowest, 95% CI = 20.68–25.24. A small standard error implies that the sample mean is a more accurate reflection of the actual population mean. The smallest standard error of crude birth rate is 1.08, and the smallest standard error of crude mortality rate is 0.50.
根据经济调查(2017-2018)，1950年印度的人口转型导致高出生率和死亡率下降至6.5%，2016-2017年下降0.6%。粗出生率和粗死亡率随职业的不同而降低。在本研究中，统计参数置信区间表示根据本研究观测数据计算出的粗出生率和粗死亡率均值的真实范围。测量的位置和精度可通过置信区间获得。1984年粗出生率最高，95% CI = 32.08 ~ 39.22, 2011年最低，95% CI = 20.68 ~ 25.24; 1984年粗死亡率最高，95% CI = 32.08 ~ 39.22, 2011年最低，95% CI = 20.68 ~ 25.24。较小的标准误差意味着样本均值更准确地反映了实际总体均值。粗出生率的最小标准误差为1.08，粗死亡率的最小标准误差为0.50。
{"title":"Crude Birth Rate and Crude Mortality Rate in India: A Case of Application of Regression in Healthcare","authors":"Prisilla Jayanthi, M. Iyyanki","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90840","url":null,"abstract":"India’s demographic transition in 1950 has led to decline of high birth and mortality rate to 6.5%, a drop of 0.6% in 2016–2017, as per the economic survey (2017–2018). The crude birth rate and crude mortality rate decreases with the occupation. In this study, the statistical parameter, confidence interval indicates the true range of the mean of the crude birth rate and crude mortality rate computed from the observed data in the study. Location and precision of a measure are made available with the confidence interval. In the study, the results for crude birth rate in 1984 were highest, 95% CI = 32.08–39.22, and in 2011, were lowest, 95% CI = 20.68–25.24, and the results for crude mortality rate in 1984 were highest, 95% CI = 32.08–39.22, and in 2011 were lowest, 95% CI = 20.68–25.24. A small standard error implies that the sample mean is a more accurate reflection of the actual population mean. The smallest standard error of crude birth rate is 1.08, and the smallest standard error of crude mortality rate is 0.50.","PeriodicalId":223575,"journal":{"name":"Aging - Life Span and Life Expectancy","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121334130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-24DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.86312
Á. Soto, Marcelo Peldoza, D. Pollak
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second cause of stroke in Chile (23% of all strokes). The Araucanía Region has double the mortality rate by stroke compared with most regions in Chile. In developing countries like Chile, it is difficult to admit patients with ICH to the intensive care unit (ICU) for general neuroprotec-tion and an aggressive lowering of blood pressure. The aim is to report the experience in the treatment of patients with ICH in a regional public hospital in Temuco, Chile. A convenience sample of the ICH consultations made during shift # 1 in the emergency room (ER) of the Hospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena between January 2016 and December 2018 was analyzed. There were 108 consultations for ICH in the period. The average age of the patients was 66.0 years (SD = 14.1). About 56.5% of the patients were male. Regarding the etiology, 70.4% were hyper-tensive, 18.5% were due to amyloid angiopathy, and 11.1% were for other causes. The implementation of 24/7 neurology shifts in the ER allowed us to reduce the evaluation time and improve the management of ICH patients. On the other hand, our hospital lacks a stroke unit, so ICH patients do not receive the standard care.
{"title":"Epidemiology and Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Chile","authors":"Á. Soto, Marcelo Peldoza, D. Pollak","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.86312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86312","url":null,"abstract":"Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second cause of stroke in Chile (23% of all strokes). The Araucanía Region has double the mortality rate by stroke compared with most regions in Chile. In developing countries like Chile, it is difficult to admit patients with ICH to the intensive care unit (ICU) for general neuroprotec-tion and an aggressive lowering of blood pressure. The aim is to report the experience in the treatment of patients with ICH in a regional public hospital in Temuco, Chile. A convenience sample of the ICH consultations made during shift # 1 in the emergency room (ER) of the Hospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena between January 2016 and December 2018 was analyzed. There were 108 consultations for ICH in the period. The average age of the patients was 66.0 years (SD = 14.1). About 56.5% of the patients were male. Regarding the etiology, 70.4% were hyper-tensive, 18.5% were due to amyloid angiopathy, and 11.1% were for other causes. The implementation of 24/7 neurology shifts in the ER allowed us to reduce the evaluation time and improve the management of ICH patients. On the other hand, our hospital lacks a stroke unit, so ICH patients do not receive the standard care.","PeriodicalId":223575,"journal":{"name":"Aging - Life Span and Life Expectancy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128665961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-20DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85664
B. Arjmandi, Elizabeth M Foley
Soy is a highly nutritious yet widely underutilized food. Because of the con-troversy surrounding soy, individuals with chronic disease states that may benefit from soy or soy isoflavone consumption may avoid this food. The relationship of soy to estrogen, breast cancer, osteoarthritis, and other chronic disease states is discussed. Osteoarthritis is a specific focus, as the immobility brought about by this disease state may lead to other chronic diseases that are also positively affected by soy consumption, and because there is no clear etiology or cure for this debilitating disease. Conclusions and future directions for soy research as it relates to healthy aging are also discussed.
{"title":"Evidence for the Effectiveness of Soy in Aging and Improving Quality of Life","authors":"B. Arjmandi, Elizabeth M Foley","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85664","url":null,"abstract":"Soy is a highly nutritious yet widely underutilized food. Because of the con-troversy surrounding soy, individuals with chronic disease states that may benefit from soy or soy isoflavone consumption may avoid this food. The relationship of soy to estrogen, breast cancer, osteoarthritis, and other chronic disease states is discussed. Osteoarthritis is a specific focus, as the immobility brought about by this disease state may lead to other chronic diseases that are also positively affected by soy consumption, and because there is no clear etiology or cure for this debilitating disease. Conclusions and future directions for soy research as it relates to healthy aging are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":223575,"journal":{"name":"Aging - Life Span and Life Expectancy","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123072572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85971
M. Stones, Sarah Worobetz, Jason M Randle, Carlina Marchese, Shauna Fossum, Dane Ostrom, P. Brink
This chapter examines associations between psychotropic medications and mortality in long-term care home (LTCH) settings. We report new findings with census-level data from all new admissions to long-term care homes in the province of Ontario, Canada (i.e., 20,414 new residents). The data include three linked sets that indicate mortality during the financial years 2010–2011 and 2011–2012. One dataset, the Resident Assessment Instrument 2.0 (RAI 2.0), provides information on demographics, functional capability, clinical conditions, clinical diagnoses, mortality risk, and psychotropic medications. The latter include antipsychotics, antidepressants, analgesics, anxiolytics, and hypnotics. Administration of the RAI 2.0 occurs at resident intake, at quarterly intervals and annually. New analyses reported here examine predictors of daily and pro re nata (i.e., PRN or “as needed”) prescriptions of psychotropic medications. However, the most important analyses concern predictors of mortality within intervals of up to 90 days from the final RAI 2.0 assessment. After control for confounding variables, the findings indicate (1) attenuated mortality with daily prescription of frequently prescribed psychotropics (i.e., antipsychotics, antidepressants, and analgesics), (2) augmented mortality with PRN prescriptions for each type of psychotropic medication, and (3) evidence that PRN prescribing overturns beneficial effects of daily prescriptions, whereas the latter reduces the deleterious effects of PRN prescribing.
{"title":"Psychotropic Medication Use and Mortality in Long-Term Care Residents","authors":"M. Stones, Sarah Worobetz, Jason M Randle, Carlina Marchese, Shauna Fossum, Dane Ostrom, P. Brink","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85971","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines associations between psychotropic medications and mortality in long-term care home (LTCH) settings. We report new findings with census-level data from all new admissions to long-term care homes in the province of Ontario, Canada (i.e., 20,414 new residents). The data include three linked sets that indicate mortality during the financial years 2010–2011 and 2011–2012. One dataset, the Resident Assessment Instrument 2.0 (RAI 2.0), provides information on demographics, functional capability, clinical conditions, clinical diagnoses, mortality risk, and psychotropic medications. The latter include antipsychotics, antidepressants, analgesics, anxiolytics, and hypnotics. Administration of the RAI 2.0 occurs at resident intake, at quarterly intervals and annually. New analyses reported here examine predictors of daily and pro re nata (i.e., PRN or “as needed”) prescriptions of psychotropic medications. However, the most important analyses concern predictors of mortality within intervals of up to 90 days from the final RAI 2.0 assessment. After control for confounding variables, the findings indicate (1) attenuated mortality with daily prescription of frequently prescribed psychotropics (i.e., antipsychotics, antidepressants, and analgesics), (2) augmented mortality with PRN prescriptions for each type of psychotropic medication, and (3) evidence that PRN prescribing overturns beneficial effects of daily prescriptions, whereas the latter reduces the deleterious effects of PRN prescribing.","PeriodicalId":223575,"journal":{"name":"Aging - Life Span and Life Expectancy","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115936353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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