J. Cutler, N. Wheeler, K. Dean, F. Ade, L. Sawatsky, Dick Gray
This project is of interest to those involved in construction, siting, and repair of pipeline crossings of rivers, streams, and estuaries. In early 1999, Mainline Pipelines Ltd discovered that its pipeline crossing of the River Wye in the UK had been exposed by river scour. Originally laid in 1972, the line provides petroleum products' main supply from the port at Milford Haven to the Midlands, UK, and operates at a high pressure. A break in, or temporary shutdown of, the pipeline would have had serious implications. Remedial protection options were needed rapidly to ensure the integrity of the pipeline. A review of historical air photographs and maps, dating back to 1888, showed that the meandering channel of the River Wye has shifted to the north at an average rate of 0.65m per year, Thus, the remedial works would have to account for continuing vertical and lateral scour. It was recognized that river-training works would be required at the site to ensure continued protection of the pipeline in the long term. The recommended design and remedial construction techniques allowed for safety issues, the potential impact on the river ecology, recreational river users, the river hydrology, and restricted access to the steep northern river bank. The design comprised filling of the eroded river bed and bank with rock aggregate and placing a protective layer of graded rock riprap. Grout-filled fabric formwork bags were placed beneath the pipeline to minimize deflection and the development of unacceptable stresses in the exposed length during rock placement. Rock-filled wire mattresses were placed immediately on top of the pipeline to protect it from point loading of the angular riprap. A satellite-guided positioning system was used to control material placement, and environmental monitoring of river water quality was carried out continuously during construction.
{"title":"Remedial protection of a pipeline crossing of the River Wye, UK","authors":"J. Cutler, N. Wheeler, K. Dean, F. Ade, L. Sawatsky, Dick Gray","doi":"10.1115/IPC2000-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2000-149","url":null,"abstract":"This project is of interest to those involved in construction, siting, and repair of pipeline crossings of rivers, streams, and estuaries. In early 1999, Mainline Pipelines Ltd discovered that its pipeline crossing of the River Wye in the UK had been exposed by river scour. Originally laid in 1972, the line provides petroleum products' main supply from the port at Milford Haven to the Midlands, UK, and operates at a high pressure. A break in, or temporary shutdown of, the pipeline would have had serious implications. Remedial protection options were needed rapidly to ensure the integrity of the pipeline. A review of historical air photographs and maps, dating back to 1888, showed that the meandering channel of the River Wye has shifted to the north at an average rate of 0.65m per year, Thus, the remedial works would have to account for continuing vertical and lateral scour. It was recognized that river-training works would be required at the site to ensure continued protection of the pipeline in the long term. The recommended design and remedial construction techniques allowed for safety issues, the potential impact on the river ecology, recreational river users, the river hydrology, and restricted access to the steep northern river bank. The design comprised filling of the eroded river bed and bank with rock aggregate and placing a protective layer of graded rock riprap. Grout-filled fabric formwork bags were placed beneath the pipeline to minimize deflection and the development of unacceptable stresses in the exposed length during rock placement. Rock-filled wire mattresses were placed immediately on top of the pipeline to protect it from point loading of the angular riprap. A satellite-guided positioning system was used to control material placement, and environmental monitoring of river water quality was carried out continuously during construction.","PeriodicalId":223595,"journal":{"name":"Pipes & pipelines international","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128353880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-051396-6.50023-9
J. Smart, G. Smith
{"title":"PIGGING AND CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF PIPELINES","authors":"J. Smart, G. Smith","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-051396-6.50023-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-051396-6.50023-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223595,"journal":{"name":"Pipes & pipelines international","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121271932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1533/9781845698881.143
J. M. Wood
Publisher Summary In the nuclear industry, there are many components that require stringent and reliable non-destructive examination. Traditionally, inspection of welds for the detection of body defects has been done either by ultrasonics or radiography and there has been much debate over the years as to the relative merits of each technique. Some defects are more readily detectable by ultrasonics and others by radiography. Techniques in both these areas are continually improving and making inspection more reliable. Within the author's company, both these approaches are extensively used to examine large numbers of tubular butt welds in steam generator plant. Ultrasonic inspection has been carried out using assisted hand scanning as well as, more recently, automatic inspection equipment, which has the benefits of producing permanent records of the inspection as well as improved repeatability. Ultrasonic inspection of austenitic materials previously caused many problems, but these have now largely been overcome using modern techniques, and austenitic welds are now routinely inspected.
{"title":"Non-destructive examination of welds in small diameter pipes in the nuclear industry","authors":"J. M. Wood","doi":"10.1533/9781845698881.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845698881.143","url":null,"abstract":"Publisher Summary In the nuclear industry, there are many components that require stringent and reliable non-destructive examination. Traditionally, inspection of welds for the detection of body defects has been done either by ultrasonics or radiography and there has been much debate over the years as to the relative merits of each technique. Some defects are more readily detectable by ultrasonics and others by radiography. Techniques in both these areas are continually improving and making inspection more reliable. Within the author's company, both these approaches are extensively used to examine large numbers of tubular butt welds in steam generator plant. Ultrasonic inspection has been carried out using assisted hand scanning as well as, more recently, automatic inspection equipment, which has the benefits of producing permanent records of the inspection as well as improved repeatability. Ultrasonic inspection of austenitic materials previously caused many problems, but these have now largely been overcome using modern techniques, and austenitic welds are now routinely inspected.","PeriodicalId":223595,"journal":{"name":"Pipes & pipelines international","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115257066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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