COVID-19 and Childhood Inequality最新文献

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Risk-Taking Among Older Youth at the Outset of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA 美国COVID-19大流行初期大龄青年的冒险行为

COVID-19 and Childhood Inequality

Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781003250937-14

M. Jipguep-Akhtar, D. Bradley, Tia Dickerson

A robust literature suggests that older adolescents, aged 18 to 21 years, routinely engage in unsafe behaviors that range from smoking, driving recklessly, and drinking to sexual risk-taking. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak sparked renewed interest in risk-taking behavior among young people because as asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19, young people may have contributed to early community spread and increased mortality rates among older and vulnerable populations in Wuhan, China. The central question addressed in this chapter is whether self-perceived health status, knowledge of COVID-19, anxiety over COVID-19, and trust in the media were associated with youth risk-taking at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study results offer three meaningful insights into risk-taking among older youth at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. First, being male is associated with higher risk-taking. Second, experiencing little fear over a very young family member, a healthy adult family member, an elderly family member, or oneself contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with increased COVID-19 risk-taking. Third, increased knowledge of COVID-19 marginally reduces risk-taking among male youth. The chapter suggests that gender and race are more than just markers for classifying and comparing health behaviors and outcomes;they may interact with other social factors to structure adherence or nonadherence to preventive health behaviors among older youth. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Nazneen Khan;individual chapters, the contributors

一项强有力的文献表明，年龄较大的青少年，年龄在18至21岁之间，通常会有不安全的行为，从吸烟、鲁莽驾驶、饮酒到冒险的性行为。2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的爆发再次引发了人们对年轻人冒险行为的兴趣，因为作为COVID-19的无症状携带者，年轻人可能导致了中国武汉老年人和弱势群体的早期社区传播和死亡率上升。本章讨论的核心问题是，自我感知的健康状况、对COVID-19的了解、对COVID-19的焦虑以及对媒体的信任是否与COVID-19大流行开始时青年的冒险行为有关。研究结果为COVID-19大流行开始时大龄青年的冒险行为提供了三个有意义的见解。首先，男性更容易承担风险。其次，对年幼的家庭成员、健康的成年家庭成员、年长的家庭成员或自己感染严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)感到不太担心与COVID-19风险增加有关。第三，增加对COVID-19的了解略微降低了男性青年的冒险行为。本章表明，性别和种族不仅仅是分类和比较健康行为和结果的标志;它们可能与其他社会因素相互作用，形成大龄青年坚持或不坚持预防性健康行为的结构。©2022选择和编辑事项，Nazneen Khan;个别章节，贡献者

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引用次数: 0

The Impact of Parental Burnout and Time with Children 父母职业倦怠和与孩子相处时间的影响

COVID-19 and Childhood Inequality

Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781003250937-10

W. W. Robeson, Kimberly Lucas

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic added new challenges to families’ abilities to address their children’s needs. Through focus groups and interviews with parents/guardians from Boston, Massachusetts, we confirmed research that indicates that (1) the experiences and needs of families regarding their children are quite distinct in comparing those who work from home versus those who must return to their work sites and (2) there is an uneven distribution of work by gender within the home. We learned that the COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new fears into households and greater stresses related to work–life balance and that these stresses are amplified for families that have fewer access to important resources. This combination has produced new constraints and pressures on families and children. Through looking at how families now consider child care choices, we can see how these fears, stressors, and constraints contribute to home environments where parental burnout pervades and is worrisome when applied to children’s development. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Nazneen Khan;individual chapters, the contributors

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行给家庭满足子女需求的能力带来了新的挑战。通过对来自马萨诸塞州波士顿的家长/监护人的焦点小组和访谈，我们证实了研究表明:(1)在家工作的家庭与必须返回工作地点的家庭相比，他们对孩子的经历和需求是截然不同的;(2)在家工作的性别分布是不平衡的。我们了解到，2019冠状病毒病大流行给家庭带来了新的恐惧，给工作与生活的平衡带来了更大的压力，而对于那些获得重要资源的机会较少的家庭来说，这些压力更大。这种结合给家庭和儿童带来了新的限制和压力。通过观察现在的家庭如何考虑照顾孩子的选择，我们可以看到这些恐惧、压力和限制是如何导致家庭环境的，在这种环境中，父母的倦怠无处不在，当应用到孩子的发展中时，这是令人担忧的。©2022选择和编辑事项，Nazneen Khan;个别章节，贡献者

引用次数: 0

When Six Feet Feels Like Six Miles 当六英尺感觉像六英里

COVID-19 and Childhood Inequality

Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781003250937-12

S. K. Nenga

How do children describe their everyday lives during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic? What do their descriptions reveal about how the pandemic has affected them and what their needs are? Because some children may have difficulty verbalizing their experiences, this project used participatory drawing and photovoice methods to elicit children’s perspectives on their lives during the pandemic. Drawing on interpretive reproduction, the chapter pays particular attention to the ways that kids borrow and manipulate visual elements of the COVID-19 global pandemic to express their own concerns and values in drawings and photographs. Twenty-one children in Texas, aged 6 to 16 years, crafted images that illustrated the socio-emotional consequences of virus mitigation efforts. Their images documented how the pandemic disrupted their norms and institutions, increased their anxiety and loneliness, and pushed them to explore new activities and ways of connecting with friends. Children creatively appropriated and altered visual elements of the pandemic to suggest that virus mitigation strategies were preventing them from engaging in the face-to-face interaction with the friends and family that they valued so highly. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Nazneen Khan;individual chapters, the contributors

在2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)全球大流行期间，儿童如何描述他们的日常生活?他们的描述揭示了大流行如何影响他们以及他们的需求是什么?由于一些儿童可能难以用语言表达他们的经历，该项目采用参与式绘画和照片语音方法，征求儿童对大流行期间生活的看法。本章以解释性复制为基础，特别关注儿童如何借用和操纵2019冠状病毒病全球大流行的视觉元素，在绘画和照片中表达自己的关切和价值观。德克萨斯州的21名6至16岁的儿童制作了图像，说明了缓解病毒努力的社会情感后果。他们的照片记录了大流行如何破坏了他们的规范和制度，增加了他们的焦虑和孤独，并促使他们探索新的活动和与朋友联系的方式。儿童创造性地挪用和改变了大流行的视觉元素，以表明病毒缓解战略正在阻止他们与他们非常重视的朋友和家人进行面对面的互动。©2022选择和编辑事项，Nazneen Khan;个别章节，贡献者

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引用次数: 0

Pandemic Eugenics 大流行优生

COVID-19 and Childhood Inequality

Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781003250937-3

Nazneen Khan, Amaya Boswell

While it has been well established that the pandemic has exacerbated racial inequalities in child and youth well-being and outcomes, these racial disparities have not been systematically examined and articulated. This chapter contextualizes, synthesizes, and critically examines emergent literature regarding the ways in which the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated and unmasked childhood racial inequality. Using a reproductive justice framework, we highlight racial inequality as impacted by the pandemic in three core childhood institutions—health, economics, and education. We argue that societal responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are stratified, thereby operating as mechanisms of eugenicide as they render “undesirable” children and youth socially obsolete and undermine routine reproductive tasks in ways that expose children of color to illness and premature death. We conclude that COVID-19 responses are a technomedical, racial capitalist project that further sorts and sediments children according to pre-established hierarchies and has profound implications for childhood inequality and children’s everyday lives. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Nazneen Khan;individual chapters, the contributors

虽然这一流行病加剧了儿童和青年福祉和成果方面的种族不平等，但这些种族不平等尚未得到系统审查和阐明。本章对新出现的关于2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行加剧和揭露儿童种族不平等的方式的文献进行了背景分析、综合和批判性研究。我们利用生殖司法框架，强调在三个核心儿童机构——卫生、经济和教育——中受疫情影响的种族不平等。我们认为，对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)的社会反应是分层的，因此作为一种灭绝优生的机制运作，因为它们使“不受欢迎的”儿童和青年在社会上被淘汰，并以使有色人种儿童暴露于疾病和过早死亡的方式破坏常规生殖任务。我们的结论是，COVID-19应对措施是一项技术医学、种族资本主义项目，根据预先建立的等级制度进一步对儿童进行分类和沉淀，并对儿童的不平等和儿童的日常生活产生深远影响。©2022选择和编辑事项，Nazneen Khan;个别章节，贡献者

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引用次数: 0

Consequences of COVID-19 Realities and Misconceptions for Rural PK–12 Students COVID-19对农村PK-12学生的现实和误解的影响

COVID-19 and Childhood Inequality

Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781003250937-9

M. Arrastia-Chisholm, L. E. Grimes, Heather M. Kelley

In this chapter, we review rural education with special attention to the challenges that first faced schools in responding to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as the barriers (e.g., resources, infrastructure, misconceptions, etc.) to serving children that schools are continuing to experience as the pandemic continues in the United States. In addition, we offer recommendations for ongoing and future research that further captures the consequences of the pandemic on the student experience. The resource-poor nature of Rural America, as well as the ability of educators to adapt, is brought to light. Rural schools have responded to students’ basic needs by setting up feeding programs and balancing face-to-face and virtual instruction/counseling affecting the ability to connect with students and families, many of whom are grieving loved ones lost to COVID-19. Future research should capture the efficacy of the services offered to rural students in the face of these challenges. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Nazneen Khan;individual chapters, the contributors

在本章中，我们回顾了农村教育，特别关注学校在应对2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)时首先面临的挑战，以及随着美国疫情的持续，学校在为儿童服务方面继续遇到的障碍(例如资源、基础设施、误解等)。此外，我们为正在进行和未来的研究提供建议，以进一步了解大流行对学生经历的影响。美国农村资源贫乏的本质，以及教育工作者的适应能力，被曝光。农村学校通过建立供餐计划和平衡面对面和虚拟教学/咨询来满足学生的基本需求，影响了与学生和家庭联系的能力，其中许多人正在为COVID-19失去的亲人而悲伤。未来的研究应该抓住在面对这些挑战时为农村学生提供的服务的有效性。©2022选择和编辑事项，Nazneen Khan;个别章节，贡献者

引用次数: 1

Turning a Blind Eye 视而不见

COVID-19 and Childhood Inequality

Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781003250937-5

Y. Vissing

While coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses significant prevention, treatment, and recovery challenges for the general population, these challenges have been exponentially exacerbated for homeless families, especially for homeless children. Attention to the protection of children’s health and well-being during the pandemic has not been a national priority. This chapter examines the ways in which COVID-19 has amplified barriers to physical health, mental health, and educational resources among children experiencing homelessness in the United States of America. The chapter demonstrates that adopting a child rights approach to COVID-19, as outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, would improve not only the well-being of homeless children but also the well-being of all children. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Nazneen Khan;individual chapters, the contributors

2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)给普通民众带来了重大的预防、治疗和康复挑战，而无家可归家庭，尤其是无家可归的儿童，面临的挑战更是成倍加剧。在大流行病期间注意保护儿童的健康和福祉并不是国家的优先事项。本章探讨了COVID-19如何加剧了美利坚合众国无家可归儿童在身体健康、精神健康和教育资源方面的障碍。本章表明，按照《联合国儿童权利公约》的规定，采取儿童权利方针应对2019冠状病毒病，不仅可以改善无家可归儿童的福祉，还可以改善所有儿童的福祉。©2022选择和编辑事项，Nazneen Khan;个别章节，贡献者

引用次数: 0

LGBTQ+ Youth and the COVID-19 Pandemic LGBTQ+青年与COVID-19大流行

COVID-19 and Childhood Inequality

Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781003250937-4

J. Fish, Meg D. Bishop, V. Poteat

Although the pandemic’s emotional weight has been universally felt, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) youth face unique stressors due to changes in access to affirming and supportive resources. Despite this, a limited number of studies empirically investigate how the pandemic and its social consequences have altered the daily experiences of LGBTQ+ youth. Access to specific physical environments was restricted due to the pandemic, blurring the boundaries between these contexts for LGBTQ+ youth. This chapter focuses on three distinct but overlapping contexts relevant to LGBTQ+ youth and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): schools, families, and the Internet. We discuss how changes in these environments during the COVID-19 pandemic presented unique experiences and opportunities for LGBTQ+ youth. The implications of these experiences, and the opportunities the pandemic has engendered for the future, are discussed. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Nazneen Khan;individual chapters, the contributors

尽管人们普遍感受到疫情带来的情绪压力，但由于获得肯定和支持资源的渠道发生了变化，女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别和酷儿/质疑(LGBTQ)青年面临着独特的压力源。尽管如此，有限数量的研究实证调查了疫情及其社会后果如何改变了LGBTQ+青年的日常经历。疫情限制了LGBTQ+青年进入特定物理环境的机会，模糊了这些环境之间的界限。本章重点关注与LGBTQ+青年和2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)相关的三个不同但重叠的背景:学校、家庭和互联网。我们将讨论2019冠状病毒病大流行期间这些环境的变化如何为LGBTQ+青年带来独特的经历和机遇。讨论了这些经验的影响以及该流行病给未来带来的机遇。©2022选择和编辑事项，Nazneen Khan;个别章节，贡献者

引用次数: 0

The COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19大流行

COVID-19 and Childhood Inequality

Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781003250937-13

A. Henry-Lee

This chapter examines the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on childhood in five Caribbean islands with varying social structures and levels of human development, including Barbados, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Lucia, and Trinidad and Tobago. Primary data collected from 55 physical education teachers, presentations by children from an online Caribbean child conference held in November 2020, and existent literature are analyzed to better understand the impacts of the pandemic on families, schools, education, and recreation/leisure. Findings reveal that societal responses to COVID-19 have exacerbated childhood inequality across the chain of islands that comprise the Caribbean. The chapter concludes with suggestions on how childhood can be “rescued” in these countries. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Nazneen Khan;individual chapters, the contributors

本章研究了2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)对巴巴多斯、牙买加、海地、圣卢西亚和特立尼达和多巴哥等社会结构和人类发展水平不同的五个加勒比岛屿儿童的影响。从55名体育教师收集的主要数据、2020年11月举行的加勒比在线儿童会议上儿童的发言以及现有文献进行了分析，以更好地了解疫情对家庭、学校、教育和娱乐/休闲的影响。调查结果显示，社会对COVID-19的反应加剧了整个加勒比群岛的儿童不平等现象。本章最后提出了在这些国家如何“拯救”儿童的建议。©2022选择和编辑事项，Nazneen Khan;个别章节，贡献者

引用次数: 0

The Impact of COVID-19 on Children with Thalassemia and Their Families in India 2019冠状病毒病对印度地中海贫血儿童及其家庭的影响

COVID-19 and Childhood Inequality

Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781003250937-6

Rachana Sharma

引用次数: 0

Youth at the Margins 边缘青年

COVID-19 and Childhood Inequality

Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781003250937-8

Andrea N. Hunt, T. Rhodes

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created an increased need for youth services in a system that was already strained and underfunded. The move to remote learning disrupted access to school-based mental health services and limited the exposure of youth to mandatory reporters. Youth receiving services from community-based programs associated with juvenile probation were also affected by the lack of service access. This research provides a synthesis and critical examination of the literature on the delivery of trauma-informed services during COVID-19. Trauma-informed care recognizes the range of traumas that youth experience, including the trauma associated with a global pandemic that exacerbated racial and economic issues for families that were already experiencing marginalization. This research provides recommendations at the institutional, organizational, and interactional levels for maintaining continuity of youth services during COVID-19 as well as lessons learned for future practice. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Nazneen Khan;individual chapters, the contributors

2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行在本已紧张和资金不足的系统中增加了对青年服务的需求。远程学习的做法扰乱了以学校为基础的心理健康服务，并限制了青少年接触强制性记者的机会。接受与青少年缓刑相关的社区项目服务的青少年也受到缺乏服务渠道的影响。本研究对有关在COVID-19期间提供创伤知情服务的文献进行了综合和批判性审查。了解创伤的护理认识到青年所经历的一系列创伤，包括与一场全球性流行病有关的创伤，这场流行病加剧了已经处于边缘化的家庭的种族和经济问题。本研究为在2019冠状病毒病期间保持青年服务的连续性提供了机构、组织和互动层面的建议，并为今后的实践提供了经验教训。©2022选择和编辑事项，Nazneen Khan;个别章节，贡献者

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

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COVID-19 and Childhood Inequality

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