Oral vancomycin and oral metronidazole have several limitations with regard to their use in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs); however, oral vancomycin has been considered the gold standard in clinical trials. In June 2012, fidaxomicin received Health Canada approval for the treatment of CDIs. Its chemistry, mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties are discussed, along with its potential role in CDI therapy.
{"title":"Fidaxomicin: A novel agent for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection","authors":"G. Zhanel, A. Walkty, J. Karlowsky","doi":"10.1155/2015/934594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/934594","url":null,"abstract":"Oral vancomycin and oral metronidazole have several limitations with regard to their use in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs); however, oral vancomycin has been considered the gold standard in clinical trials. In June 2012, fidaxomicin received Health Canada approval for the treatment of CDIs. Its chemistry, mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties are discussed, along with its potential role in CDI therapy.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74574208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Xiong, S. Krajden, J. Kus, P. Rawte, J. Blondal, M. Downing, Urszula Zurawska, W. Chapman
Pasteurella dagmatis, a Gram-negative coccobacillus, has been isolated from both dogs and cats as normal flora. It is also a fairly new species for many clinicians because it is a pathogen in human infections. The authors present a case of bacteremia in a 74-year-old man that was caused by P dagmatis. A comparison of other reported cases of bacteremia due to P dagmatis is provided, along with a discussion of the challenges of standard automatic identification including alternative methodologies.
{"title":"Bacteremia due to Pasteurella dagmatis acquired from a dog bite, with a review of systemic infections and challenges in laboratory identification","authors":"J. Xiong, S. Krajden, J. Kus, P. Rawte, J. Blondal, M. Downing, Urszula Zurawska, W. Chapman","doi":"10.1155/2015/946812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/946812","url":null,"abstract":"Pasteurella dagmatis, a Gram-negative coccobacillus, has been isolated from both dogs and cats as normal flora. It is also a fairly new species for many clinicians because it is a pathogen in human infections. The authors present a case of bacteremia in a 74-year-old man that was caused by P dagmatis. A comparison of other reported cases of bacteremia due to P dagmatis is provided, along with a discussion of the challenges of standard automatic identification including alternative methodologies.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79267047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Tsang, M. Morshed, V. Allen, M. Chernesky, K. Fonseca, R. Garceau, G. Jayaraman, K. Kadkhoda, Bonita E. Lee, P. Levett, Sandra M Radons, B. Serhir, A. Singh, T. Wong
The development of these recommendations arose in the spring of 2009 under the support and recommendation of the Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network (CPHLN). The initial group was formed of a federal co-chair (RT), a provincial co-chair (MM) and a CPHLN secretariat lead (SR). An initial environmental scan was performed in 2009, which was published in August 2011 (R Tsang, SM Radons, M Morshed. Laboratory diagnosis of syphilis: A survey to examine the range of tests used in Canada.
这些建议是在加拿大公共卫生实验室网络(CPHLN)的支持和建议下于2009年春季提出的。最初的小组由一名联邦联合主席(RT)、一名省联合主席(MM)和一名CPHLN秘书处负责人(SR)组成。2009年进行了初步环境扫描，结果于2011年8月发表(R Tsang, SM Radons, M Morshed)。梅毒的实验室诊断:一项调查，以检查在加拿大使用的测试范围。
{"title":"Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network national syphilis laboratory testing recommendations: INTRODUCTION","authors":"R. Tsang, M. Morshed, V. Allen, M. Chernesky, K. Fonseca, R. Garceau, G. Jayaraman, K. Kadkhoda, Bonita E. Lee, P. Levett, Sandra M Radons, B. Serhir, A. Singh, T. Wong","doi":"10.1155/2015/808405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/808405","url":null,"abstract":"The development of these recommendations arose in the spring of 2009 under the support and recommendation of the Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network (CPHLN). The initial group was formed of a federal co-chair (RT), a provincial co-chair (MM) and a CPHLN secretariat lead (SR). An initial environmental scan was performed in 2009, which was published in August 2011 (R Tsang, SM Radons, M Morshed. Laboratory diagnosis of syphilis: A survey to examine the range of tests used in Canada.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87403752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CASE PRESENTATION A 54-year-old man presented to the emergency room following a scorpion sting to the right index finger. He had been unloading a shipment of mangoes from South America and noted a small scorpion in the box, which he picked up and then killed after the sting (Figure 1A). Following the envenomation, he experienced acute paresthesia localized to the right arm, up to the elbow. He reported no fasciculations, spasms, myoclonus or any other focal or generalized neurological symptoms at that time. Review of systems was otherwise unremarkable. Medical history was only remarkable for a remote smoking history. He was on no regular medications and had no known drug allergies. On initial examination, he was afebrile, with a blood pressure of 125/70 mmHg sitting, heart rate of 70 beats/min, oxygen saturation of 98% on room air and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths/min. He was in no apparent distress. The distal interphalangeal joint of his right finger was swollen and erythematous, with an obvious puncture mark present. No sensory or motor abnormalities were noted, and reflexes were normal in the right upper extremity. No lymphadenopathy was noted. Cardiovascular, respiratory and abdominal examinations were all within normal limits. Initial white blood cell count was 10.1×109/L, hemoglobin 144 g/L and platelets 317×109/L. Sodium was 139 mmol/L, potassium 3.9 mmol/L, chloride 106 mmol/L and bicarbonate 24 mmol/L. Creatinine was 66 μmol/L, aspartate transaminase 22 U/L, alanine transaminase 31 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 110 U/l, total bilirubin 3 μmol/L, creatinine kinase 155 U/L and lipase 114 U/L. In the emergency room, he was monitored for 5 h with no progression of upper extremity paresthesia. Local poison control was contacted, but believed that antitoxin was not needed. The patient was discharged home with symptomatic management, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. He was assessed as an outpatient 24 h later, and experienced regression of paresthesia to the wrist and had developed significant spasms in his right hand. He was prescribed benzodiazapines for symptomatic management, with resolution of his symptoms. He was assessed a few weeks following the envenomation and had some residual paresthesia localized to the bite site without any other sensory symptoms or muscular spasms.
{"title":"A venomous visitor from the tropics","authors":"Z. Chagla, A. Boggild, S. Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1155/2015/739079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/739079","url":null,"abstract":"CASE PRESENTATION A 54-year-old man presented to the emergency room following a scorpion sting to the right index finger. He had been unloading a shipment of mangoes from South America and noted a small scorpion in the box, which he picked up and then killed after the sting (Figure 1A). Following the envenomation, he experienced acute paresthesia localized to the right arm, up to the elbow. He reported no fasciculations, spasms, myoclonus or any other focal or generalized neurological symptoms at that time. Review of systems was otherwise unremarkable. Medical history was only remarkable for a remote smoking history. He was on no regular medications and had no known drug allergies. On initial examination, he was afebrile, with a blood pressure of 125/70 mmHg sitting, heart rate of 70 beats/min, oxygen saturation of 98% on room air and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths/min. He was in no apparent distress. The distal interphalangeal joint of his right finger was swollen and erythematous, with an obvious puncture mark present. No sensory or motor abnormalities were noted, and reflexes were normal in the right upper extremity. No lymphadenopathy was noted. Cardiovascular, respiratory and abdominal examinations were all within normal limits. Initial white blood cell count was 10.1×109/L, hemoglobin 144 g/L and platelets 317×109/L. Sodium was 139 mmol/L, potassium 3.9 mmol/L, chloride 106 mmol/L and bicarbonate 24 mmol/L. Creatinine was 66 μmol/L, aspartate transaminase 22 U/L, alanine transaminase 31 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 110 U/l, total bilirubin 3 μmol/L, creatinine kinase 155 U/L and lipase 114 U/L. In the emergency room, he was monitored for 5 h with no progression of upper extremity paresthesia. Local poison control was contacted, but believed that antitoxin was not needed. The patient was discharged home with symptomatic management, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. He was assessed as an outpatient 24 h later, and experienced regression of paresthesia to the wrist and had developed significant spasms in his right hand. He was prescribed benzodiazapines for symptomatic management, with resolution of his symptoms. He was assessed a few weeks following the envenomation and had some residual paresthesia localized to the bite site without any other sensory symptoms or muscular spasms.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74733507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Church, A. Ambasta, A. Wilmer, Holly Williscroft, G. Ritchie, D. Pillai, S. Champagne, D. Gregson
Pneumocystis pneumonia is caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii, an opportunistic fungal pathogen. Presently, many clinical microbiology laboratories rely on direct microscopic detection of P jirovecii. The validation, and clinical and laboratory development of a qualitative P jirovecii real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection of Pneumocystis pneumonia is discussed by the authors. In addition, this new technique is compared with the existing gold-standard immunofluorescence assay.
{"title":"Development and validation of a Pneumocystis jirovecii real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia","authors":"D. Church, A. Ambasta, A. Wilmer, Holly Williscroft, G. Ritchie, D. Pillai, S. Champagne, D. Gregson","doi":"10.1155/2015/138787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/138787","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumocystis pneumonia is caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii, an opportunistic fungal pathogen. Presently, many clinical microbiology laboratories rely on direct microscopic detection of P jirovecii. The validation, and clinical and laboratory development of a qualitative P jirovecii real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection of Pneumocystis pneumonia is discussed by the authors. In addition, this new technique is compared with the existing gold-standard immunofluorescence assay.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85482298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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