Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92876
S. A. Qamar, M. Asgher, N. Khalid
This chapter presents a broad overview of the current advancements in bioplastics and bioinspired nanocomposites with nanoscale reinforcements that are being applied for a broad range of applications, that is, biomedical, electronics, durable goods and packaging materials. The production of nanocomposites by completely and/or partially renewable and biodegradable materials has helped in a range of different applications. Several drawbacks of conventional materials such as hydrophilicity, low-heat deflection, poor conductivity, and barrier properties can be efficiently overcome using biohybrid nanomaterials. Nano-reinforcements in composite materials deliver remarkably improved properties such as decrease in hydrophilicity and increase in mechanical properties as compared with neat biopolymer, which fails to exhibit these properties on its own. This approach can be used for other natural polymers to induce desired functionalities. This chapter covers the recent trends in nano-functional materials, renewable materials that are being applied for the production of nanobiocomposites and their applications especially in biomedical and healthcare sectors, which are discussed in detail. This emerging concept will definitely enhance the scope of nanohybrid materials for sustainable products development with improved properties than previously applied synthetic polymer-based or natural polymer-based materials.
{"title":"Bioinspired Nanocomposites: Functional Materials for Sustainable Greener Technologies","authors":"S. A. Qamar, M. Asgher, N. Khalid","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92876","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents a broad overview of the current advancements in bioplastics and bioinspired nanocomposites with nanoscale reinforcements that are being applied for a broad range of applications, that is, biomedical, electronics, durable goods and packaging materials. The production of nanocomposites by completely and/or partially renewable and biodegradable materials has helped in a range of different applications. Several drawbacks of conventional materials such as hydrophilicity, low-heat deflection, poor conductivity, and barrier properties can be efficiently overcome using biohybrid nanomaterials. Nano-reinforcements in composite materials deliver remarkably improved properties such as decrease in hydrophilicity and increase in mechanical properties as compared with neat biopolymer, which fails to exhibit these properties on its own. This approach can be used for other natural polymers to induce desired functionalities. This chapter covers the recent trends in nano-functional materials, renewable materials that are being applied for the production of nanobiocomposites and their applications especially in biomedical and healthcare sectors, which are discussed in detail. This emerging concept will definitely enhance the scope of nanohybrid materials for sustainable products development with improved properties than previously applied synthetic polymer-based or natural polymer-based materials.","PeriodicalId":225574,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy - Resources, Challenges and Applications","volume":"12 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113975647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91842
H. Salvarli, Mustafa Seçkin Şalvarli
Energy demand in the world is nowadays growing further out of limits of installable generation capacity. Therefore, future energy demands should be met and improved efficiently and securely. Energy solutions should be supported by utilizing renewable energy sources. At present, the contribution of renewable energy to the world primary energy is not high to meet the primary energy and electricity supplies. Both developed and developing nations will necessarily continue to rely on fossil fuels in the coming decades. In developing countries, the situation is more inconvenient than that for developed countries. Many developing countries have been apparently trying to restructure their energy sectors. It seems that it is difficult to realize innovations. Cost, market share and policy are the main barriers for the development of renewable energy. In the strategy plans of many countries, the sustainable development in relation to the parameters such as economic, social and industrial is supported by their energy policies. New enabling technologies related to renewable energies will also help to reduce environmental costs, and thus the energy systems will be operated as both securely and economically without environmental problems. New renewable energy markets are surely required in both the wholesale and retail markets.
{"title":"For Sustainable Development: Future Trends in Renewable Energy and Enabling Technologies","authors":"H. Salvarli, Mustafa Seçkin Şalvarli","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91842","url":null,"abstract":"Energy demand in the world is nowadays growing further out of limits of installable generation capacity. Therefore, future energy demands should be met and improved efficiently and securely. Energy solutions should be supported by utilizing renewable energy sources. At present, the contribution of renewable energy to the world primary energy is not high to meet the primary energy and electricity supplies. Both developed and developing nations will necessarily continue to rely on fossil fuels in the coming decades. In developing countries, the situation is more inconvenient than that for developed countries. Many developing countries have been apparently trying to restructure their energy sectors. It seems that it is difficult to realize innovations. Cost, market share and policy are the main barriers for the development of renewable energy. In the strategy plans of many countries, the sustainable development in relation to the parameters such as economic, social and industrial is supported by their energy policies. New enabling technologies related to renewable energies will also help to reduce environmental costs, and thus the energy systems will be operated as both securely and economically without environmental problems. New renewable energy markets are surely required in both the wholesale and retail markets.","PeriodicalId":225574,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy - Resources, Challenges and Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116649387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91676
Martin Khzouz, E. Gkanas
The present chapter focuses on hydrogen technologies for both stationary and mobility/transportation applications. Hydrogen production from sustainable resources for the generation of pure and low cost hydrogen is described in the chapter. Several potential hydrogen production techniques are introduced and analyzed. The challenges and the advantages of each production method will be discussed. Furthermore, the chapter will introduce hydrogen infrastructure development for mobility applications and will discuss hydrogen storage challenges. Hydrogen production for fuel cell technologies requires an improvement regarding sustainability of the hydrogen supply and an improvement regarding decentralized hydrogen production. Moreover, hydrogen economy as far requires a large scale and long term storage solution to meet the increasing demand.
{"title":"Hydrogen Technologies for Mobility and Stationary Applications: Hydrogen Production, Storage and Infrastructure Development","authors":"Martin Khzouz, E. Gkanas","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91676","url":null,"abstract":"The present chapter focuses on hydrogen technologies for both stationary and mobility/transportation applications. Hydrogen production from sustainable resources for the generation of pure and low cost hydrogen is described in the chapter. Several potential hydrogen production techniques are introduced and analyzed. The challenges and the advantages of each production method will be discussed. Furthermore, the chapter will introduce hydrogen infrastructure development for mobility applications and will discuss hydrogen storage challenges. Hydrogen production for fuel cell technologies requires an improvement regarding sustainability of the hydrogen supply and an improvement regarding decentralized hydrogen production. Moreover, hydrogen economy as far requires a large scale and long term storage solution to meet the increasing demand.","PeriodicalId":225574,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy - Resources, Challenges and Applications","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133006320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91662
G. Rinaldi
Offshore renewable technologies hold the potential to satisfy a considerable amount of the global energy demand in the coming years. In this chapter, the main sources of renewable energy related to the oceans (waves, tides, and offshore winds) will be characterized and discussed, with reference to the challenges related to their use. Thus, the main devices capable of exploiting these resources will be presented. Their working principal, together with operational and technological requirements, will be described, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of each technology and providing examples of the past and current experiences. The elements of project management, as well as environmental impact and public perception, will be included. Finally, conclusions on the current viability of ocean energy devices will be drawn, together with guidelines for their future exploitation.
{"title":"Offshore Renewable Energy","authors":"G. Rinaldi","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91662","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore renewable technologies hold the potential to satisfy a considerable amount of the global energy demand in the coming years. In this chapter, the main sources of renewable energy related to the oceans (waves, tides, and offshore winds) will be characterized and discussed, with reference to the challenges related to their use. Thus, the main devices capable of exploiting these resources will be presented. Their working principal, together with operational and technological requirements, will be described, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of each technology and providing examples of the past and current experiences. The elements of project management, as well as environmental impact and public perception, will be included. Finally, conclusions on the current viability of ocean energy devices will be drawn, together with guidelines for their future exploitation.","PeriodicalId":225574,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy - Resources, Challenges and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131650818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92088
Khalid Yahya, M. Salem, Nassim A. Iqteit, Sajjad Ahmad Khan
Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) and their applications have gained momentum for their ability to use waste thermal energy. More contemporary technology must offer more exceptional energy-efficient applications at a lower cost. New technology must also have an ability to generate electric power through the conversion of wasted heat. The TEG has demonstrated its efficiency and how it can offer increased potential by adding an MPPT algorithm to increase the power flow while decreasing the cost of operation. The limitations can be offset by the use of lower cost manufacturing materials and automated systems in the TEG units. It is also important to note the cost per watt found in using a thermoelectric generator is estimated to be $1/W for an installed device. To achieve this goal, the optimum operating point should be monitored by DC to DC converters. The DC to DC converters should also be driven through a generated pulse using an MPPT algorithm.
{"title":"A Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting System","authors":"Khalid Yahya, M. Salem, Nassim A. Iqteit, Sajjad Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92088","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) and their applications have gained momentum for their ability to use waste thermal energy. More contemporary technology must offer more exceptional energy-efficient applications at a lower cost. New technology must also have an ability to generate electric power through the conversion of wasted heat. The TEG has demonstrated its efficiency and how it can offer increased potential by adding an MPPT algorithm to increase the power flow while decreasing the cost of operation. The limitations can be offset by the use of lower cost manufacturing materials and automated systems in the TEG units. It is also important to note the cost per watt found in using a thermoelectric generator is estimated to be $1/W for an installed device. To achieve this goal, the optimum operating point should be monitored by DC to DC converters. The DC to DC converters should also be driven through a generated pulse using an MPPT algorithm.","PeriodicalId":225574,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy - Resources, Challenges and Applications","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128198503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90480
M. Amer, A. Elwardany
{"title":"Biomass Carbonization","authors":"M. Amer, A. Elwardany","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":225574,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy - Resources, Challenges and Applications","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126197849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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