Pub Date : 2020-10-08DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198858225.003.0012
S. Hornblower
The chapter discusses the content and significance of approximately fifty inscribed metrical texts, most of them funerary epigrams, which come from dispersed sites in the Delta and the Nile Valley. Most are in elegiac couplets or other mixtures of hexameters and pentameters; two are in iambics. They are a mix of dedications and epitaphs; epitaphs preponderate. There are also four long hymns to Isis from the Fayum. The Paneion or sanctuary to Pan in the Thebaid (modern Resedieh) provides some dedicatory thank-offerings, mostly short, but one long and elaborate. Of the thirty-six epitaphs, a depressing total of five are for young women who died in childbirth, a common theme in epitaphs and a common event in life. The second half of the chapter consists of a discussion of three of the longer poems, comprising four epigrams, chosen for their historical and/or literary interest.
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Pub Date : 2020-10-08DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198858225.003.0003
R. Mairs
The discovery and collection of multilingual inscriptions through excavation and the antiquities trade in the nineteenth century played a crucial role in the decipherment of Egyptian scripts. The history of the modern ownership of inscriptions now located in Egypt, Europe, and North America and their role in the development of Egyptology are closely linked. The chapter traces the history of scholarship on several Greek-Egyptian texts, including an unpublished inscription from the Delta, a decree in honour of a member of a prominent family from Upper Egypt, foundation plaques from a temple of Hathor-Aphrodite, and a sphinx from Koptos. The reassembly of stones which were often dispersed and broken into separate pieces through circumstances of excavation or the antiquities market allows us to establish equivalences between Egyptian and Greek concepts, people, and places, and sheds light on the sociolinguistic situation in individual communities, and in Egypt as a whole.
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