Pub Date : 1961-06-01DOI: 10.1088/0368-3281/3/3/304
L. V. Dubovoǐ, O. Shvets, S. Ovchinnikov
The possibility of heating a plasma by means of the ion cyclotron resonance is investigated. It is shown that in plasmas with charged-particle densities of 107–1011 cm−3, the use of short (compared with the length of the pinch) heating sections mades it possible to weaken the effect of transverse ionic polarization fields by virtue of the motion of electrons along the lines of force of the external magnetic field. In a low-ionization plasma the efficiency of transfer of energy from the rf field to the ions is reduced as the ion velocity increases; this reduction is due to cooling of the ions by neutral atoms.
{"title":"Ion cyclotron resonance in dense plasmas","authors":"L. V. Dubovoǐ, O. Shvets, S. Ovchinnikov","doi":"10.1088/0368-3281/3/3/304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0368-3281/3/3/304","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of heating a plasma by means of the ion cyclotron resonance is investigated. It is shown that in plasmas with charged-particle densities of 107–1011 cm−3, the use of short (compared with the length of the pinch) heating sections mades it possible to weaken the effect of transverse ionic polarization fields by virtue of the motion of electrons along the lines of force of the external magnetic field. In a low-ionization plasma the efficiency of transfer of energy from the rf field to the ions is reduced as the ion velocity increases; this reduction is due to cooling of the ions by neutral atoms.","PeriodicalId":23117,"journal":{"name":"The Soviet Journal of Atomic Energy","volume":"25 1","pages":"273-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84456025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1960-12-01DOI: 10.1016/s0368-3273(15)30052-3
I. V. Batenin, A. Rudenko, B. V. Sharov
{"title":"Dilatometric studies of rolled uranium rods","authors":"I. V. Batenin, A. Rudenko, B. V. Sharov","doi":"10.1016/s0368-3273(15)30052-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0368-3273(15)30052-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23117,"journal":{"name":"The Soviet Journal of Atomic Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"414-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90884368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-06-01DOI: 10.1080/08929880903368682
A. D. Sakharov
In this article, which appeared in the June 1958 issue of the Soviet journal, Atomic Energy, Sakharov estimated that about 10,000 people would ultimately suffer cancers, genetic disorders, and other ill effects from the radioactivity produced by a 1-megaton nuclear explosion in the atmosphere. According to this estimate, the 1961 Soviet test of a 58-megaton nuclear explosive—an explosion that by itself accounts for about 10 percent to the total yield of all atmospheric nuclear explosions in history—will, in the long term, injure or kill about half a million people. Sakharov took his arguments against testing all the way to Khrushchev, but, according to his account, Khrushchev brusquely informed him that the responsibility of scientists was limited to designing the weapons. It was the responsibility of the governmental leaders to decide what to do with them. Thus ended Sakharov’s faith in going through channels. Even though the Soviet journal in which this article appeared was being translated and published in English and independent U.S. scientists—notably Linus Pauling—were making similar estimates, the Sakharov paper received almost no public notice in the West. How has Sakharov’s estimate stood the test of time? In a brief appendix, I compare the assumptions that he made for population radiation doses and biological doseeffect coefficients with the most recent estimates for the same numbers. Sakharov’s population-dose estimate appears somewhat high and his dose-effect coefficient somewhat low. However, his resulting estimate of 10,000 deaths and other health injuries from the low-dose radiation effects from each megaton of nuclear explosion in the atmosphere over the thousands of years that the explosion-produced carbon-14 would
{"title":"Radioactive carbon from nuclear explosion and nonthreshold biological effects","authors":"A. D. Sakharov","doi":"10.1080/08929880903368682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08929880903368682","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, which appeared in the June 1958 issue of the Soviet journal, Atomic Energy, Sakharov estimated that about 10,000 people would ultimately suffer cancers, genetic disorders, and other ill effects from the radioactivity produced by a 1-megaton nuclear explosion in the atmosphere. According to this estimate, the 1961 Soviet test of a 58-megaton nuclear explosive—an explosion that by itself accounts for about 10 percent to the total yield of all atmospheric nuclear explosions in history—will, in the long term, injure or kill about half a million people. Sakharov took his arguments against testing all the way to Khrushchev, but, according to his account, Khrushchev brusquely informed him that the responsibility of scientists was limited to designing the weapons. It was the responsibility of the governmental leaders to decide what to do with them. Thus ended Sakharov’s faith in going through channels. Even though the Soviet journal in which this article appeared was being translated and published in English and independent U.S. scientists—notably Linus Pauling—were making similar estimates, the Sakharov paper received almost no public notice in the West. How has Sakharov’s estimate stood the test of time? In a brief appendix, I compare the assumptions that he made for population radiation doses and biological doseeffect coefficients with the most recent estimates for the same numbers. Sakharov’s population-dose estimate appears somewhat high and his dose-effect coefficient somewhat low. However, his resulting estimate of 10,000 deaths and other health injuries from the low-dose radiation effects from each megaton of nuclear explosion in the atmosphere over the thousands of years that the explosion-produced carbon-14 would","PeriodicalId":23117,"journal":{"name":"The Soviet Journal of Atomic Energy","volume":"19 1","pages":"757-762"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82119717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of iron ore density using γ-ray absorption","authors":"M. L. Gol'din","doi":"10.1007/BF02207362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02207362","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23117,"journal":{"name":"The Soviet Journal of Atomic Energy","volume":"47 1","pages":"285-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76518349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gamma-gamma rock sampling","authors":"P. K. Verbovenko, I. Fakidov","doi":"10.1007/BF02207363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02207363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23117,"journal":{"name":"The Soviet Journal of Atomic Energy","volume":"377 1","pages":"290-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74541189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. K., N. Mikheev, M. K., Ia. S., V. Markelov, A. M. Lushchikhin, V. Nikiforov, I. B. Keirim-Markus, L. N. Uspenskii
{"title":"Scientific and technical news","authors":"P. K., N. Mikheev, M. K., Ia. S., V. Markelov, A. M. Lushchikhin, V. Nikiforov, I. B. Keirim-Markus, L. N. Uspenskii","doi":"10.1007/BF01587200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01587200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23117,"journal":{"name":"The Soviet Journal of Atomic Energy","volume":"526 1","pages":"293-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77011396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gamma-gamma rock sampling","authors":"P. K. Verbovenko, I. Fakidov","doi":"10.1007/BF01587199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01587199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23117,"journal":{"name":"The Soviet Journal of Atomic Energy","volume":"32 1","pages":"290-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78984288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. P, N. Mikheev, K. M., V. Markelov, S. Ia, A. M. Lushchikhin, V. Nikiforov, I. B. Keirim-Markus, L. N. Uspenskii
{"title":"Scientific and technical news","authors":"K. P, N. Mikheev, K. M., V. Markelov, S. Ia, A. M. Lushchikhin, V. Nikiforov, I. B. Keirim-Markus, L. N. Uspenskii","doi":"10.1007/BF02207364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02207364","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23117,"journal":{"name":"The Soviet Journal of Atomic Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"293-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76186508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of iron ore density using γ-ray absorption","authors":"M. L. Gol'din","doi":"10.1007/BF01587198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01587198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23117,"journal":{"name":"The Soviet Journal of Atomic Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"285-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90053639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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