Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197604359.003.0009
Philip J. Robins
Chapter 8 discusses the International Drug Control Regime in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran where, toward the end of the twentieth century, the illicit use of drugs started to spread widely. The chapter argues that, despite the centrality of Afghanistan to the world’s opiate market, it is only since 1979 and the Soviet invasion that it has had to confront multiple drug-related policy issues. Consequently, Afghanistan remains comparatively inexperienced in implementing drug policies. It shows that, as is the case with other countries coming to the International Drug Control Regime challenge relatively late, the Crescent states rely much more on hard power than soft power solutions. The countries’ assertions of national preoccupations in areas like judicial conduct reflect the region’s highly distinct set of social mores and cultural values.
{"title":"The Crescent Three States","authors":"Philip J. Robins","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197604359.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197604359.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 8 discusses the International Drug Control Regime in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran where, toward the end of the twentieth century, the illicit use of drugs started to spread widely. The chapter argues that, despite the centrality of Afghanistan to the world’s opiate market, it is only since 1979 and the Soviet invasion that it has had to confront multiple drug-related policy issues. Consequently, Afghanistan remains comparatively inexperienced in implementing drug policies. It shows that, as is the case with other countries coming to the International Drug Control Regime challenge relatively late, the Crescent states rely much more on hard power than soft power solutions. The countries’ assertions of national preoccupations in areas like judicial conduct reflect the region’s highly distinct set of social mores and cultural values.","PeriodicalId":231233,"journal":{"name":"Transforming the War on Drugs","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130421245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197604359.003.0015
Robert Muggah, K. Aguirre
Chapter 14 integrates critical views from across the domains of criminal justice, human rights, health, and development to suggest new drug policy metrics. It reveals how traditional drug policy indicators that reinforce the securitized War on Drugs discourse have justified and sustained the International Drug Control Regime since the 1960s. Rather than proving the International Drug Control Regime’s success, such traditional indicators have exposed how severe the policy has been, for example by counting the number of people incarcerated for drug-related crimes, without showing its impact. The chapter thus proposes alternative goals, targets, and indicators to overcome the current limbo situation, better track the effects of a progressive drug policy, and shift to a more holistic drug policy paradigm.
{"title":"Rethinking Drug Policy Metrics to Move Beyond the War on Drugs","authors":"Robert Muggah, K. Aguirre","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197604359.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197604359.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 14 integrates critical views from across the domains of criminal justice, human rights, health, and development to suggest new drug policy metrics. It reveals how traditional drug policy indicators that reinforce the securitized War on Drugs discourse have justified and sustained the International Drug Control Regime since the 1960s. Rather than proving the International Drug Control Regime’s success, such traditional indicators have exposed how severe the policy has been, for example by counting the number of people incarcerated for drug-related crimes, without showing its impact. The chapter thus proposes alternative goals, targets, and indicators to overcome the current limbo situation, better track the effects of a progressive drug policy, and shift to a more holistic drug policy paradigm.","PeriodicalId":231233,"journal":{"name":"Transforming the War on Drugs","volume":"10 21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128521072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197604359.003.0002
A. Idler
Chapter 1 develops the concepts and themes that theoretically underpin the book. They help move beyond the dichotomous understanding of drug policies as the securitized status quo of the War on Drugs on the one hand, and the desecuritization of drug policies on the other. The chapter proposes a framework constructed around three main features, which allows to analytically unpack the distinct repercussions of the world drug problem at multiple levels. These features include (i) the concept of global security that includes people, in addition to political entities, as referent objects; (ii) the relevance of a ‘glocal’ analysis that links a bottom-up approach with a macro-perspective on the illicit production, trade, and use of drugs; and (iii) a focus on vulnerable regions across the globe and their societies’ perspectives on how to best tackle the world drug problem. The chapter discusses why these features are conducive to more effective drug policies and serve as entry points to transform the War on Drugs. The chapter demonstrates the analytical utility of a critical approach to drug policies.
{"title":"Warriors, Victims, and Vulnerable Regions","authors":"A. Idler","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197604359.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197604359.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 1 develops the concepts and themes that theoretically underpin the book. They help move beyond the dichotomous understanding of drug policies as the securitized status quo of the War on Drugs on the one hand, and the desecuritization of drug policies on the other. The chapter proposes a framework constructed around three main features, which allows to analytically unpack the distinct repercussions of the world drug problem at multiple levels. These features include (i) the concept of global security that includes people, in addition to political entities, as referent objects; (ii) the relevance of a ‘glocal’ analysis that links a bottom-up approach with a macro-perspective on the illicit production, trade, and use of drugs; and (iii) a focus on vulnerable regions across the globe and their societies’ perspectives on how to best tackle the world drug problem. The chapter discusses why these features are conducive to more effective drug policies and serve as entry points to transform the War on Drugs. The chapter demonstrates the analytical utility of a critical approach to drug policies.","PeriodicalId":231233,"journal":{"name":"Transforming the War on Drugs","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130112153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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