Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198863458.003.0008
D. and
This chapter focuses on how technology can contribute by helping the healthcare system to do more with less, empowering individuals with chronic conditions to live well for longer, and providing the tools to make populations healthier in the 21st century. Healthcare owes much of its success to technology, from penicillin, aspirin, and blood transfusions to transplantation, monoclonal antibodies, genomics, modern imaging, and surgery. Today, emerging and digital technologies—the fourth industrial revolution—have the potential to transform health and care services, making it better and easier for staff and patients, but unfortunately health and healthcare are yet to participate fully in the digital era. Public services as a whole lag way behind other sectors, let alone their users, the public. To drive change, both users of healthcare and those working in it must demand better and play their part in making it happen.
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Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198863458.003.0004
D. and
This chapter flags some of the traditional social drivers of health and discusses several emerging ones. The conditions into which we are born set off a chain of complex, interlinked responses to the world around us that combine to influence our entire life course. These include housing conditions, schooling, the education levels of our parents, employment opportunities, and availability of healthcare. They are traditionally thought of as difficult to change or resist, but we think of them as drivers, things that can be changed if the will is there. Social drivers contribute to health inequalities. The most deprived groups experience the poorest health outcomes, with shorter life expectancy and more years of life lived in ill health, and this situation has worsened over the past few decades. The key challenge is how to address these drivers and the inequalities they cause in our ever-changing, fast-paced world.
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Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198863458.001.0001
S. Davies, J. Pearson-Stuttard
This book outlines why health, individually and collectively, is the greatest untapped opportunity for prosperity and happiness in the 21st century and introduces the concept of total health as a tool for valuing health. The most significant flaw in health systems today is a failure to value health but instead to count the costs of ill health, and the authors examine why this should be so from a range of perspectives. The costs of ill health are explored not only as an increasing portion of government spend, but also in relation to wider society, where entrenched inequalities result in the clustering of poor health, low educational attainment, and poor job prospects. The ways in which our health and the drivers of health have evolved are described, and their roles in preventing individuals from living well, learning, and working, are identified. The healthcare system is also examined, and revealed to be an illness service with little resilience, importing illness rather than exporting health, and failing to leverage the digital and technological innovations harnessed by other industries. The authors call for health to be valued, rather than ill health costed, and describe a 21st-century healthcare system that expands the NHS from an illness service to a true, total health service. COVID-19 has shown how vulnerable societies, economies, and daily lives are to ill health. This book demonstrates that, by valuing the pivotal role of health, societies could look to a happier and more prosperous future.
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