We study the welfare effects of school district consolidation, i.e. the integration of disjoint school districts into a centralised clearinghouse. We show theoretically that, in the worst-case scenario, district consolidation may unambiguously reduce students' welfare, even if the student-optimal stable matching is consistently chosen. However, on average all students experience expected welfare gains from district consolidation, particularly those who belong to smaller and over-demanded districts. Using data from the Hungarian secondary school assignment mechanism, we compute the actual welfare gains from district consolidation in Budapest and compare these to our theoretical predictions. We empirically document substantial welfare gains from district consolidation for students, equivalent to attending a school five kilometres closer to the students' home addresses. As an important building block of our empirical strategy, we describe a method to consistently estimate students' preferences over schools and vice versa that does not fully assume that students report their preferences truthfully in the student-proposing deferred acceptance algorithm.
{"title":"What Happens when Separate and Unequal School Districts Merge?","authors":"Robert Aue, Thilo Klein, J. Ortega","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3636103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3636103","url":null,"abstract":"We study the welfare effects of school district consolidation, i.e. the integration of disjoint school districts into a centralised clearinghouse. We show theoretically that, in the worst-case scenario, district consolidation may unambiguously reduce students' welfare, even if the student-optimal stable matching is consistently chosen. However, on average all students experience expected welfare gains from district consolidation, particularly those who belong to smaller and over-demanded districts. Using data from the Hungarian secondary school assignment mechanism, we compute the actual welfare gains from district consolidation in Budapest and compare these to our theoretical predictions. We empirically document substantial welfare gains from district consolidation for students, equivalent to attending a school five kilometres closer to the students' home addresses. As an important building block of our empirical strategy, we describe a method to consistently estimate students' preferences over schools and vice versa that does not fully assume that students report their preferences truthfully in the student-proposing deferred acceptance algorithm.","PeriodicalId":233706,"journal":{"name":"Queen’s Management School Research Paper Series","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114915549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We use high-frequency data to examine the effects of introducing an additional night trading session of four hours at the Shanghai Futures Exchange for Copper and Aluminum futures in December 2013. This additional trading session is shown to cause a structural break in the intraday behavior of prices. For Copper, the realized volatility of the regular session is endogenously determined while the night session is strongly driven by the immediately preceding realized volatility of the LME. In contrast, there is only little evidence for a directional spillover from the LME to SHFE for Aluminum futures. We find no indications that the SHFE is pulling volume from LME with the additional trading at night. Last, the now existing break between the day-time session and the night trading session is found to have significant informational content for Copper and Aluminum volatility and needs to be treated separately when extracting jump components from realized volatility.
{"title":"Night Trading with Futures in China: The Case of Aluminum and Copper","authors":"Tony Klein, N. Todorova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3249598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3249598","url":null,"abstract":"We use high-frequency data to examine the effects of introducing an additional night trading session of four hours at the Shanghai Futures Exchange for Copper and Aluminum futures in December 2013. This additional trading session is shown to cause a structural break in the intraday behavior of prices. For Copper, the realized volatility of the regular session is endogenously determined while the night session is strongly driven by the immediately preceding realized volatility of the LME. In contrast, there is only little evidence for a directional spillover from the LME to SHFE for Aluminum futures. We find no indications that the SHFE is pulling volume from LME with the additional trading at night. Last, the now existing break between the day-time session and the night trading session is found to have significant informational content for Copper and Aluminum volatility and needs to be treated separately when extracting jump components from realized volatility.","PeriodicalId":233706,"journal":{"name":"Queen’s Management School Research Paper Series","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124835114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analyse the impact of stakeholder interactions with the market as a consequence of the negative interest rate regime on the pricing of selected Floating-rate notes (FRNs). The range of reactivity of financial markets and issuers to uncertainty caused by an untested boilerplate term in bond contracts are thoroughly outlined. The subject clause stipulates ‘not applicable’ as the minimum rate of interest, which raises confusion regarding payment obligations between issuers and investors. This is discussed from a legal perspective. Empirically, we find that markets do---to varying degrees---price stakeholder activities like court decisions, industry association statements, and public positions of sovereigns. In turn, issuers are willing to react to legal risks quickly, if costs of inertia are low. This is reflected also in the significant changes in the FRN issuance structure in the past few years. The announcement of further lower for longer rates in the Euro Area provides evidence that the FRN market appreciates the current protection of negative coupons even under a lower Euribor.
{"title":"Floating Rate Notes and Stakeholder Activities During Zero and Negative Interest Rate Regimes","authors":"Juergen Klaus, Ēriks K. Selga, Tony Klein","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3334896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3334896","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse the impact of stakeholder interactions with the market as a consequence of the negative interest rate regime on the pricing of selected Floating-rate notes (FRNs). The range of reactivity of financial markets and issuers to uncertainty caused by an untested boilerplate term in bond contracts are thoroughly outlined. The subject clause stipulates ‘not applicable’ as the minimum rate of interest, which raises confusion regarding payment obligations between issuers and investors. This is discussed from a legal perspective. Empirically, we find that markets do---to varying degrees---price stakeholder activities like court decisions, industry association statements, and public positions of sovereigns. In turn, issuers are willing to react to legal risks quickly, if costs of inertia are low. This is reflected also in the significant changes in the FRN issuance structure in the past few years. The announcement of further lower for longer rates in the Euro Area provides evidence that the FRN market appreciates the current protection of negative coupons even under a lower Euribor.","PeriodicalId":233706,"journal":{"name":"Queen’s Management School Research Paper Series","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132099570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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