Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.102425
Nallely Ortiz-Romero, E. Delgado, Gerardo Antonio Pámanes-Carrasco, H. Medrano-Roldán, Vicente Hernández-Vargas, D. Reyes-Jáquez
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the content of cottonseed meal (Gossypium hirsutum) and the processing variables on the functional properties and the content of gossypol of an extruded feed for sheep (Ovis aries). The diet was balanced according to the requirements of fattening Dorper sheep breed under 1 year. The extrusion process was optimized using a surface response methodology, with four independent variables: temperature in the last heating zone (120–160°C), moisture content (14–18%), screw speed (120 rpm–180 rpm), and cottonseed meal content (9 g–27 g 100 g−1), in a single screw extruder. The optimal food had 27.25% crude protein, 4.24% crude fat, 12.21% crude fiber, 46.95% nitrogen-free extract, and 9.35% ash. The composition of essential amino acids in the optimal diet was 1.00 g kg−1 of lysine, 1.25 g kg−1 of phenylalanine, 2.04 g kg−1 of leucine, 0.87 g kg−1 of isoleucine, 0.98 g kg−1 of threonine, 1.15 g kg−1 of valine, and 0.65 g kg−1 of histidine. The fatty acids present in the highest concentration in the optimal diet were 2.14% linoleic acid, 1.11% oleic acid, and 0.81% palmitic acid. The gossypol content of the optimal diet was less than 0.1%, which ensures the safety of cottonseed meal as a protein source. The optimum conditions of the extrusion process were 120°C temperature, 120 rpm screw speed, 14.00% humidity, and 27 g 100 g−1 cottonseed meal.
本研究旨在探讨棉籽粕含量及加工工艺参数对羊绒膨化饲料功能性状和棉酚含量的影响。饲粮按1岁以下育肥杜泊羊品种的要求进行平衡。采用表面响应法对挤出工艺进行了优化，采用四个自变量:单螺杆挤出机中最后加热区温度(120 - 160°C)、水分含量(14-18%)、螺杆转速(120 - 180 rpm)和棉籽粕含量(9 - 27 g 100 g−1)。最优饲料中粗蛋白质含量为27.25%、粗脂肪含量为4.24%、粗纤维含量为12.21%、无氮提取物含量为46.95%、灰分含量为9.35%。最佳饲粮中必需氨基酸的组成为赖氨酸1.00 g kg−1、苯丙氨酸1.25 g kg−1、亮氨酸2.04 g kg−1、异亮氨酸0.87 g kg−1、苏氨酸0.98 g kg−1、缬氨酸1.15 g kg−1、组氨酸0.65 g kg−1。最优饲粮中含量最高的脂肪酸分别为2.14%亚油酸、1.11%油酸和0.81%棕榈酸。最优饲粮棉酚含量小于0.1%，保证了棉籽粕作为蛋白质源的安全性。挤出工艺的最佳条件为温度120℃，转速120 rpm，湿度14.00%，添加27 g 100 g−1棉籽粕。
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of an Extruded Balanced Food for Sheep Based on Cottonseed Meal (Gossypium hirsutum)","authors":"Nallely Ortiz-Romero, E. Delgado, Gerardo Antonio Pámanes-Carrasco, H. Medrano-Roldán, Vicente Hernández-Vargas, D. Reyes-Jáquez","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.102425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102425","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the content of cottonseed meal (Gossypium hirsutum) and the processing variables on the functional properties and the content of gossypol of an extruded feed for sheep (Ovis aries). The diet was balanced according to the requirements of fattening Dorper sheep breed under 1 year. The extrusion process was optimized using a surface response methodology, with four independent variables: temperature in the last heating zone (120–160°C), moisture content (14–18%), screw speed (120 rpm–180 rpm), and cottonseed meal content (9 g–27 g 100 g−1), in a single screw extruder. The optimal food had 27.25% crude protein, 4.24% crude fat, 12.21% crude fiber, 46.95% nitrogen-free extract, and 9.35% ash. The composition of essential amino acids in the optimal diet was 1.00 g kg−1 of lysine, 1.25 g kg−1 of phenylalanine, 2.04 g kg−1 of leucine, 0.87 g kg−1 of isoleucine, 0.98 g kg−1 of threonine, 1.15 g kg−1 of valine, and 0.65 g kg−1 of histidine. The fatty acids present in the highest concentration in the optimal diet were 2.14% linoleic acid, 1.11% oleic acid, and 0.81% palmitic acid. The gossypol content of the optimal diet was less than 0.1%, which ensures the safety of cottonseed meal as a protein source. The optimum conditions of the extrusion process were 120°C temperature, 120 rpm screw speed, 14.00% humidity, and 27 g 100 g−1 cottonseed meal.","PeriodicalId":246813,"journal":{"name":"Cotton [Working Title]","volume":"98 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120852064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101980
Gozde Busra Eroglu
Cotton is an industrial plant with a high commercial value. It is used in various fields such as textile, food (cotton oil), gunpowder industry, paper, and furniture production. One of the most important problems encountered during cotton production is insects that feed on cotton and cause economic loss. The intensive amount of pesticides is used by the producers for the control of pest insects. As insects gain resistance to pesticides over time, the amount of chemical pesticides applied is gradually increasing. Chemical products are quite harmful to both living things and the environment. For this reason, there is a need to popularize biological control methods instead of using pesticides to control pests. In this chapter, detailed information about insect species causing damage to cotton and biological control methods is given.
{"title":"Pest Insects and Their Biological Control","authors":"Gozde Busra Eroglu","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101980","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton is an industrial plant with a high commercial value. It is used in various fields such as textile, food (cotton oil), gunpowder industry, paper, and furniture production. One of the most important problems encountered during cotton production is insects that feed on cotton and cause economic loss. The intensive amount of pesticides is used by the producers for the control of pest insects. As insects gain resistance to pesticides over time, the amount of chemical pesticides applied is gradually increasing. Chemical products are quite harmful to both living things and the environment. For this reason, there is a need to popularize biological control methods instead of using pesticides to control pests. In this chapter, detailed information about insect species causing damage to cotton and biological control methods is given.","PeriodicalId":246813,"journal":{"name":"Cotton [Working Title]","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116212230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：