Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/08
Simplified predictive models developed to determine sustainable local content policy and human capacity development in the Nigeria’s oil and gas industry was carried out using secondary data from the Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF) within ten years. The research was formulated on both descriptive and analytical statistical methods for the prediction of the expected capacity development value at optimum conditions based on critical industry need assessment and audit report between 2018 -2023 - a baseline study and the secondary data sets from PTDF trio-capacity development strategies from 2011 – 2021. From equations 2.1 – 2.11, it was established that challenging weaknesses could be turned into opportunities for the Fund. A comparative analysis of the Skills Gap Audit (SGA) and Simplified Predictive Models (SPM) was carried out using arithmetic mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient from the assumed mean of the unclassified data. Tables 2.1 - 4.5 and Figures 2.1 and 2.6 are reference commonality data sets. The results established that more key performance indicators were captured in the SPM models (mean of 23.04 and deviation of 0.4) against the imputed values in the SGA, (mean 4.52 and deviation of 0.5) respectively. This research is useful for policy formulation and decision-making on local content policy formulations and capacity development programmes in Nigeria. Keywords: Predictive models, Sustainable local content policy, Petroleum technology Development Fund.
{"title":"SIMPLIFIED PREDICTIVE MODELS ON SUSTAINABLE LOCAL CONTENT POLICY, AND HUMAN CAPACITY DEVELOPMENTS, IN NIGERIA’S OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY.","authors":"","doi":"10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/08","url":null,"abstract":"Simplified predictive models developed to determine sustainable local content policy and human capacity development in the Nigeria’s oil and gas industry was carried out using secondary data from the Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF) within ten years. The research was formulated on both descriptive and analytical statistical methods for the prediction of the expected capacity development value at optimum conditions based on critical industry need assessment and audit report between 2018 -2023 - a baseline study and the secondary data sets from PTDF trio-capacity development strategies from 2011 – 2021. From equations 2.1 – 2.11, it was established that challenging weaknesses could be turned into opportunities for the Fund. A comparative analysis of the Skills Gap Audit (SGA) and Simplified Predictive Models (SPM) was carried out using arithmetic mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient from the assumed mean of the unclassified data. Tables 2.1 - 4.5 and Figures 2.1 and 2.6 are reference commonality data sets. The results established that more key performance indicators were captured in the SPM models (mean of 23.04 and deviation of 0.4) against the imputed values in the SGA, (mean 4.52 and deviation of 0.5) respectively. This research is useful for policy formulation and decision-making on local content policy formulations and capacity development programmes in Nigeria.\u0000Keywords: Predictive models, Sustainable local content policy, Petroleum technology Development Fund.","PeriodicalId":248787,"journal":{"name":"July 2022 Edition","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121697602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/06
Sediments are important in the geochemical cycles of marine and estuarine ecosystems with the ability to influence ecological processes and inhabiting biota. This study evaluated sediment particle sizes of the Lagos Harbour and inland water system with a view to determine their diversity and influence on heavy metal levels. Samples were collected using Van veen grabs, viz; dry season 2013 (DS-1), wet season 2013 (WS) and dry season 2014 (DS-2) for a period of 18 months in the Lagos Lagoon and inland water system. The sediments collected were analysed according to the British Standard (BS 1377-2, 1990) at the instrument Physical Geography Laboratory, University of Portsmouth. The mean clay, silt, course and sand were found to be 6.67± 4.51, 6.0 ± 3.0, 9.17± 3.25 and 0.37 ± 3.06 respectively. The particle size in relation with total metals/metalloids concentration in the sediment revealed positive correlation with significant differences (p<0.05) between clay and Fe (r = 0.391*), clay and Pb (r = 0.40*). While the particle size in relation and recoverable metals/metalloids concentration in the sediment revealed positive correlation with significant differences (p<0.05) between clay and Mn (r = 0.416*), silt and Mn (r = 0.414*). The particle size in relation with bioavailable metals/metalloids concentration in the sediment revealed positive correlation with were significant differences (p<0.05) between silt and Pb (r = 0.426*). This implies that the widespread dredging of the lagoon sediments and artisanal sand mining has had its toll on the structural integrity of the substratum. The strong correlation between the finer particle sizes with total, recoverable and bioavailable fractions of Fe-Mn-Pb in the sediment samples is notable and implies increased chances of retention of pollutants in the sediment matrix. Keywords: Evaluation Techniques, Inland-Lagoons, Sediment texture, Heavy metal/metalloid, Marine pollution.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF SEDIMENT PARTICLE SIZES OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN THE LAGOS INLAND WATER SYSTEM.","authors":"","doi":"10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/06","url":null,"abstract":"Sediments are important in the geochemical cycles of marine and estuarine ecosystems with the ability to influence ecological processes and inhabiting biota. This study evaluated sediment particle sizes of the Lagos Harbour and inland water system with a view to determine their diversity and influence on heavy metal levels. Samples were collected using Van veen grabs, viz; dry season 2013 (DS-1), wet season 2013 (WS) and dry season 2014 (DS-2) for a period of 18 months in the Lagos Lagoon and inland water system. The sediments collected were analysed according to the British Standard (BS 1377-2, 1990) at the instrument Physical Geography Laboratory, University of Portsmouth. The mean clay, silt, course and sand were found to be 6.67± 4.51, 6.0 ± 3.0, 9.17± 3.25 and 0.37 ± 3.06 respectively. The particle size in relation with total metals/metalloids concentration in the sediment revealed positive correlation with significant differences (p<0.05) between clay and Fe (r = 0.391*), clay and Pb (r = 0.40*). While the particle size in relation and recoverable metals/metalloids concentration in the sediment revealed positive correlation with significant differences (p<0.05) between clay and Mn (r = 0.416*), silt and Mn (r = 0.414*). The particle size in relation with bioavailable metals/metalloids concentration in the sediment revealed positive correlation with were significant differences (p<0.05) between silt and Pb (r = 0.426*). This implies that the widespread dredging of the lagoon sediments and artisanal sand mining has had its toll on the structural integrity of the substratum. The strong correlation between the finer particle sizes with total, recoverable and bioavailable fractions of Fe-Mn-Pb in the sediment samples is notable and implies increased chances of retention of pollutants in the sediment matrix.\u0000Keywords: Evaluation Techniques, Inland-Lagoons, Sediment texture, Heavy metal/metalloid, Marine pollution.","PeriodicalId":248787,"journal":{"name":"July 2022 Edition","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131038201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/01
This paper reports a compressive study on the utilization of rice husk (RH) as an important agro waste and reinforcement for composites fabrication. It also reports in details, a review of the physical and mechanical properties of RH composites and it intensively highlighted the knowledge gaps that need to be filled in the respective research areas. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of RH composites to be used in photonics, construction materials, and automotive and furniture applications, based on their strength and thermal characteristics. It also revealed that, extensive efforts can make rice husk a material for sustainable development since it has the potential to reduce greenhouse emissions, reduces material costs and abundantly affordable. Keywords: Rice Husk, Composites, Matrix, Reinforcement
{"title":"UTILIZATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RICE HUSK AS USEFULL AGRO WASTE AND REINFORCEMENT IN COMPOSITES FABRICATION- A CRITICAL REVIEW.","authors":"","doi":"10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a compressive study on the utilization of rice husk (RH) as an important agro waste and reinforcement for composites fabrication. It also reports in details, a review of the physical and mechanical properties of RH composites and it intensively highlighted the knowledge gaps that need to be filled in the respective research areas. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of RH composites to be used in photonics, construction materials, and automotive and furniture applications, based on their strength and thermal characteristics. It also revealed that, extensive efforts can make rice husk a material for sustainable development since it has the potential to reduce greenhouse emissions, reduces material costs and abundantly affordable.\u0000Keywords: Rice Husk, Composites, Matrix, Reinforcement","PeriodicalId":248787,"journal":{"name":"July 2022 Edition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127026644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/03
The Anambra Basin contains oil and gas producing reservoirs in the southeastern part of Nigeria. Two-dimensional (2-D) modeling, using data from three (3) exploration wells has been carried out to assess the maturity, timing, and distribution of hydrocarbon generation in the Anambra Basin. This current study focuses on two sources in Anambra Basin namely; Coniacian Agwu and Nkporo source rocks. The results of models generated indicate that the onset of hydrocarbon generation from Awgu source rock started in the area of deepest subsidence during the late Campanian (77.30Ma). Awgu source rock in the model has a present-day transformation ratio of about 60-65%. This range indicates that the Awgu source rock has sufficient generation for hydrocarbon expulsion to occur. Nkporo source rock was equally observed to have capacity for hydrocarbon generation, but the generation was insufficient for expulsion because it has lower transformation ratio (<10%). Migrated hydrocarbon from the Coniacian Awgu source rock must have accumulated as oil and gas pools within the Coniacian Agbani and upper Campanian Owelli Sandstone. The discovery of gas in the Coniacian Agbani sandstone of Amansiodo-1, Akukwa-2, and Nzam-1 wells indicates the existence of petroleum traps in Cretaceous beds of the Anambra Basin. Keywords: Two dimensional modelling, Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, Anambra basin, Transformation ratio, Awgu and Nkporo shales ,
{"title":"MODELING HYDROCARBON GENERATION IN ANAMBRA BASIN, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS ON HYDROCARBON PROSPECTIVITY.","authors":"","doi":"10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/03","url":null,"abstract":"The Anambra Basin contains oil and gas producing reservoirs in the southeastern part of Nigeria. Two-dimensional (2-D) modeling, using data from three (3) exploration wells has been carried out to assess the maturity, timing, and distribution of hydrocarbon generation in the Anambra Basin. This current study focuses on two sources in Anambra Basin namely; Coniacian Agwu and Nkporo source rocks. The results of models generated indicate that the onset of hydrocarbon generation from Awgu source rock started in the area of deepest subsidence during the late Campanian (77.30Ma). Awgu source rock in the model has a present-day transformation ratio of about 60-65%. This range indicates that the Awgu source rock has sufficient generation for hydrocarbon expulsion to occur. Nkporo source rock was equally observed to have capacity for hydrocarbon generation, but the generation was insufficient for expulsion because it has lower transformation ratio (<10%). Migrated hydrocarbon from the Coniacian Awgu source rock must have accumulated as oil and gas pools within the Coniacian Agbani and upper Campanian Owelli Sandstone. The discovery of gas in the Coniacian Agbani sandstone of Amansiodo-1, Akukwa-2, and Nzam-1 wells indicates the existence of petroleum traps in Cretaceous beds of the Anambra Basin.\u0000Keywords: Two dimensional modelling, Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, Anambra basin, Transformation ratio, Awgu and Nkporo shales ,","PeriodicalId":248787,"journal":{"name":"July 2022 Edition","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122489877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/02
This research work uses gravimetric analysis for corrosion tests performed to determine the weight loss and corrosion extent on carbon steel and glass reinforced epoxy (GRE) specimens. Comparative results for both specimens are analysed to justify the use of glass reinforced epoxy pipe as an effective control measure for the corrosion of oil pipelines used for the transportation of hydrocarbon products. The values obtained from the experiment are used to develop regression model which can be helpful to predict the corrosion extents on both materials within the test composition. Coefficient of determination is explored to ascertain the reliability of the regression models. The results obtained indicated that 99 percent of the original uncertainty has been explained by the regression models. From the experimental results, glass reinforced epoxy test specimens had better resistant to corrosion than carbon steel test specimens which makes it attractive alternative to the conventional carbon steel pipe for the transportation of hydrocarbon products in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Keywords: Carbon steel, Corrosion extent, Gravimetric analysis, GRE, Regression models.
{"title":"USE OF GLASS REINFORCED EPOXY PIPE IN PLACE OF CARBON STEEL PIPE IN NIGER DELTA.","authors":"","doi":"10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/02","url":null,"abstract":"This research work uses gravimetric analysis for corrosion tests performed to determine the weight loss and corrosion extent on carbon steel and glass reinforced epoxy (GRE) specimens. Comparative results for both specimens are analysed to justify the use of glass reinforced epoxy pipe as an effective control measure for the corrosion of oil pipelines used for the transportation of hydrocarbon products. The values obtained from the experiment are used to develop regression model which can be helpful to predict the corrosion extents on both materials within the test composition. Coefficient of determination is explored to ascertain the reliability of the regression models. The results obtained indicated that 99 percent of the original uncertainty has been explained by the regression models. From the experimental results, glass reinforced epoxy test specimens had better resistant to corrosion than carbon steel test specimens which makes it attractive alternative to the conventional carbon steel pipe for the transportation of hydrocarbon products in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.\u0000Keywords: Carbon steel, Corrosion extent, Gravimetric analysis, GRE, Regression models.","PeriodicalId":248787,"journal":{"name":"July 2022 Edition","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131220288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/04
Biotechnological advances for the past decades have provided new surfactant production technologies. Surface active substances (biosurfactants) produced by fermentative processes have proven to be a safer and sustainable alternative to many synthetic molecules. Biosurfactants are a promising substitute due to their synthesis potential by a wide variety of microorganisms. They are a highly diverse group of structures, such as glycolipids, lipopeptides, polysaccharide-protein complexes, phospholipids, fatty acids, and neutral lipids. This diversity promotes many advantages compared to synthetic surfactants, thereby making biosurfactants a suitable choice for technological advances associated with sustainable development. Such advantages include fermentative production viability using renewable resources, effectiveness in small concentrations even under extreme conditions, selective and specific potential for several applications, lower toxicity, higher biodegradability, and better stability to physicochemical variations. Despite these benefits enumerated, they are not widely used because of the high production costs. Hence, finding cost-effective substrates is imperative to making biosurfactants an economically competitive product against synthetic surfactants. In this review, inexpensive and renewable substrates that can be used for biosurfactants production are discussed. Also, biosurfactants and their potential use in bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminants, and effectiveness in bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminants compared to synthetic surfactants are reviewed. Keywords: Biosurfactants, Hydrocarbon degradation, Bioremediation, Environment.
{"title":"CRITICAL REVIEW OF BIOSURFACTANTS AND THEIR ROLE IN BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON CONTAMINANTS.","authors":"","doi":"10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37703/ajoeer.org.ng/q2-2022/04","url":null,"abstract":"Biotechnological advances for the past decades have provided new surfactant production technologies. Surface active substances (biosurfactants) produced by fermentative processes have proven to be a safer and sustainable alternative to many synthetic molecules. Biosurfactants are a promising substitute due to their synthesis potential by a wide variety of microorganisms. They are a highly diverse group of structures, such as glycolipids, lipopeptides, polysaccharide-protein complexes, phospholipids, fatty acids, and neutral lipids. This diversity promotes many advantages compared to synthetic surfactants, thereby making biosurfactants a suitable choice for technological advances associated with sustainable development. Such advantages include fermentative production viability using renewable resources, effectiveness in small concentrations even under extreme conditions, selective and specific potential for several applications, lower toxicity, higher biodegradability, and better stability to physicochemical variations. Despite these benefits enumerated, they are not widely used because of the high production costs. Hence, finding cost-effective substrates is imperative to making biosurfactants an economically competitive product against synthetic surfactants. In this review, inexpensive and renewable substrates that can be used for biosurfactants production are discussed. Also, biosurfactants and their potential use in bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminants, and effectiveness in bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminants compared to synthetic surfactants are reviewed.\u0000Keywords: Biosurfactants, Hydrocarbon degradation, Bioremediation, Environment.","PeriodicalId":248787,"journal":{"name":"July 2022 Edition","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128830423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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