Pub Date : 2022-01-15DOI: 10.37745/ijccs.2014/vol10n13043
Dera Nnadi, Chinedu Okoye
The effectiveness of a country's national security is determined to a large extent by the level of protection at its borders, as well as its capacity to enforce border security for its own territorial wellbeing, sovereign integrity, internal socio-economic progress and development. Both border protection and security cannot be defined without factoring in border communities which remain strategic factors influencing the potency or not of the former. In its hypothesis, this paper posits that border communities are ungoverned spaces which impact national security, and there-in lies the crux of the paper's objectives. Adopting an array of relevant secondary data, the theory of border communities as largely ungoverned spaces impacting Nigeria's national security is conceptualised and reviewed, and an analysis conducted. Based on these clarifications, reviews and subsequent analysis, recommendations addressing the core issue of lack of governance, state authority and development are proffered as viable options in addressing the plight of these fringe communities’ vis a vis the enormous threat or risk they pose the nation's national security.
{"title":"Border Communities, Ungoverned Spaces and Nigeria’s National Security","authors":"Dera Nnadi, Chinedu Okoye","doi":"10.37745/ijccs.2014/vol10n13043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijccs.2014/vol10n13043","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of a country's national security is determined to a large extent by the level of protection at its borders, as well as its capacity to enforce border security for its own territorial wellbeing, sovereign integrity, internal socio-economic progress and development. Both border protection and security cannot be defined without factoring in border communities which remain strategic factors influencing the potency or not of the former. In its hypothesis, this paper posits that border communities are ungoverned spaces which impact national security, and there-in lies the crux of the paper's objectives. Adopting an array of relevant secondary data, the theory of border communities as largely ungoverned spaces impacting Nigeria's national security is conceptualised and reviewed, and an analysis conducted. Based on these clarifications, reviews and subsequent analysis, recommendations addressing the core issue of lack of governance, state authority and development are proffered as viable options in addressing the plight of these fringe communities’ vis a vis the enormous threat or risk they pose the nation's national security.","PeriodicalId":249124,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community and Cooperative Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125310078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-15DOI: 10.37745/ijccs.2014/vol10n14462
H. G. Igben, Tracy Edolo Ikiyowere
The study investigated the community relations (CR) Strategies of oil companies for conflict management in the host communities in Delta State. The study was designed to explore how participatory approach to dispute resolution will support the process of conflict management in the oil producing host communities in the riverine areas of Delta State. With a survey of 300 respondents, it was established that participatory approach to dispute resolution has significant influence on conflict management in the host communities in the riverine areas of Delta State. The study therefore recommended that strategic alliance should be strengthened and encouraged for effective collaboration to curb violence and conflicts between the oil companies and their host communities in the riverine areas of Delta State.
{"title":"Community relations strategies of Oil companies for conflict management in host communities in Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"H. G. Igben, Tracy Edolo Ikiyowere","doi":"10.37745/ijccs.2014/vol10n14462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijccs.2014/vol10n14462","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the community relations (CR) Strategies of oil companies for conflict management in the host communities in Delta State. The study was designed to explore how participatory approach to dispute resolution will support the process of conflict management in the oil producing host communities in the riverine areas of Delta State. With a survey of 300 respondents, it was established that participatory approach to dispute resolution has significant influence on conflict management in the host communities in the riverine areas of Delta State. The study therefore recommended that strategic alliance should be strengthened and encouraged for effective collaboration to curb violence and conflicts between the oil companies and their host communities in the riverine areas of Delta State.","PeriodicalId":249124,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community and Cooperative Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122363808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.37745/ijccs.vol8.no1.p9-22.2020
{"title":"The Relationship between Member Financial Literacy and Loan Repayment in Savings and Credit Co-Operative Societies in Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya","authors":"","doi":"10.37745/ijccs.vol8.no1.p9-22.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijccs.vol8.no1.p9-22.2020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":249124,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community and Cooperative Studies","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122892131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.37745/ijccs.vol8.no1.p1-8.2020
Berhanu Bayisa Eticha, Workineh Abebe
The objective of this study is h to analyse the effect of financial outreach, on financial sustainability of SACCO Unions in Oromia national regional state of Ethiopia. Descriptive research design applied in which involved the collection of longitudinal audited financial and administration data of sampled unions for the period of ten years from 2008 to 2017. The Number of Primary Members (NPM) and the Total Saving Mobilized (TSM) independent variables were used to analyze the effect of breadth of outreach on financial sustainability of unions in the region. Both independent variables have significant effect on the financial sustainability of Unions in the region. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regressions model to evaluate the effect of independent variables on dependent variables. Both the number of primary societies and total saving mobilization has significant on financial sustainabilties of unions. However, the number of primary Saccos emanated to membership and total saving mobilized by unions were insignificant as compared to total primary societies and potential in the region. Most unions have limited outreach, dependent to external sources of fund rather than internal resource mobilization, high cost of funds; unions are not open for new Sacco’s membership, imbalanced demand of loan seekers and savers. As a result, the sustainability status of the SACCO unions in the region indicates 48%. While the rest 52% of them are in danger to failure. By this study, we recommend that the Unions should open their door to accept the membership of primary Saccos and prepare strategy for saving mobilization rather than dependent on external financial sources. The cooperative promotion office needs to have strong financial and operational regulations that guides the outreach and financial sustainability of the unions accordingly.
{"title":"The Effect of Financial outreach, on the Financial Sustainability of Saving and credit cooperative Unions: The case of Oromia National Regional State of Ethiopia","authors":"Berhanu Bayisa Eticha, Workineh Abebe","doi":"10.37745/ijccs.vol8.no1.p1-8.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijccs.vol8.no1.p1-8.2020","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is h to analyse the effect of financial outreach, on financial sustainability of SACCO Unions in Oromia national regional state of Ethiopia. Descriptive research design applied in which involved the collection of longitudinal audited financial and administration data of sampled unions for the period of ten years from 2008 to 2017. The Number of Primary Members (NPM) and the Total Saving Mobilized (TSM) independent variables were used to analyze the effect of breadth of outreach on financial sustainability of unions in the region. Both independent variables have significant effect on the financial sustainability of Unions in the region. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regressions model to evaluate the effect of independent variables on dependent variables. Both the number of primary societies and total saving mobilization has significant on financial sustainabilties of unions. However, the number of primary Saccos emanated to membership and total saving mobilized by unions were insignificant as compared to total primary societies and potential in the region. Most unions have limited outreach, dependent to external sources of fund rather than internal resource mobilization, high cost of funds; unions are not open for new Sacco’s membership, imbalanced demand of loan seekers and savers. As a result, the sustainability status of the SACCO unions in the region indicates 48%. While the rest 52% of them are in danger to failure. By this study, we recommend that the Unions should open their door to accept the membership of primary Saccos and prepare strategy for saving mobilization rather than dependent on external financial sources. The cooperative promotion office needs to have strong financial and operational regulations that guides the outreach and financial sustainability of the unions accordingly.","PeriodicalId":249124,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community and Cooperative Studies","volume":"466 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125828604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.37745/ijccs.vol8.no.1.p23-34.2020
Kehinde
As part of the efforts to reduce land degradation and improve agricultural productivity, farmers in the study area were introduced to various soil conservation practices through farmers’ organisations. This study was however, conducted to determine the effect of farmers’ organisation on soil conservation practices adopted in the study area. Data collected, through a multistage sampling procedure, were analysed with the aid of descriptive statistics and double hurdle regression model. Findings revealed that three conservation practices were adopted in the study area namely; cover cropping (14%), vegetative fallow (35%) and mulching (46%) while 5% did not adopt any practice at all. Findings also revealed significant difference in some socio-economic characteristics among the categories of adopters in the study area such as age of the household head (P < 0.05), off-farm income (P < 0.01) and farm size (P < 0.01). Double hurdle model results revealed in the first hurdle that, while, gender, age, off-farm income, valley location, and extension contact significantly influenced the adoption of cover cropping practice, age, offfarm income, farm size, and extension contact significantly influenced adoption of vegetative fallow system practice. The adoption of mulching practice is significantly influenced by education, farming experience, farmers’ organization and household size. In the second hurdle, while, gender, age, off-farm income, valley location, and extension contact significantly influenced the adoption of cover cropping practice, gender, education, farm size, and farming experience significantly influenced the adoption of vegetative fallow system practice. The adoption of mulching practice is significantly influenced by gender, education, and farmers’ organization. The study concluded that farmers’ organization is one of the key factors influencing the three soil conservation practices (cover cropping, vegetative fallow system and mulching). Others were offfarm income, extension contact, farm size, and years of education. In line with the findings of the study, the study recommends that formation and strengthen of a farmers’ organisation for increased uptake of soil conservation practices should be encouraged. In addition, effective strategies, programmes and institutional structures that would enhance education of farmers, frequency of extension contact and off-farm income should be put in place.
{"title":"Farmers’ Organisations and Its Contribution to the Adoption of Soil Conservation Practices: A Case Study of Smallholder Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"Kehinde","doi":"10.37745/ijccs.vol8.no.1.p23-34.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijccs.vol8.no.1.p23-34.2020","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the efforts to reduce land degradation and improve agricultural productivity, farmers in the study area were introduced to various soil conservation practices through farmers’ organisations. This study was however, conducted to determine the effect of farmers’ organisation on soil conservation practices adopted in the study area. Data collected, through a multistage sampling procedure, were analysed with the aid of descriptive statistics and double hurdle regression model. Findings revealed that three conservation practices were adopted in the study area namely; cover cropping (14%), vegetative fallow (35%) and mulching (46%) while 5% did not adopt any practice at all. Findings also revealed significant difference in some socio-economic characteristics among the categories of adopters in the study area such as age of the household head (P < 0.05), off-farm income (P < 0.01) and farm size (P < 0.01). Double hurdle model results revealed in the first hurdle that, while, gender, age, off-farm income, valley location, and extension contact significantly influenced the adoption of cover cropping practice, age, offfarm income, farm size, and extension contact significantly influenced adoption of vegetative fallow system practice. The adoption of mulching practice is significantly influenced by education, farming experience, farmers’ organization and household size. In the second hurdle, while, gender, age, off-farm income, valley location, and extension contact significantly influenced the adoption of cover cropping practice, gender, education, farm size, and farming experience significantly influenced the adoption of vegetative fallow system practice. The adoption of mulching practice is significantly influenced by gender, education, and farmers’ organization. The study concluded that farmers’ organization is one of the key factors influencing the three soil conservation practices (cover cropping, vegetative fallow system and mulching). Others were offfarm income, extension contact, farm size, and years of education. In line with the findings of the study, the study recommends that formation and strengthen of a farmers’ organisation for increased uptake of soil conservation practices should be encouraged. In addition, effective strategies, programmes and institutional structures that would enhance education of farmers, frequency of extension contact and off-farm income should be put in place.","PeriodicalId":249124,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community and Cooperative Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125168722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.37745/ijccs.vol8.no1.p35-51.2020
{"title":"Challenges And Prospects of Government’s Role for Cooperative Development in Ethiopia","authors":"","doi":"10.37745/ijccs.vol8.no1.p35-51.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ijccs.vol8.no1.p35-51.2020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":249124,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community and Cooperative Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126323650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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