Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.51317/ecjges.v1i1.460
Joseph Mugane, Benard Muok, Peter Bulli
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the prickly pear cactus on the socio-economic status of pastoral livelihoods of rangelands in the Northern Rift Valley of Kenya. The prickly pear cactus (Opuntia stricta) is one of the most widespread and naturalized invasive species in the arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya, with serious negative consequences on rural livelihoods and the environment. The invasiveness of O. stricta is due to its productive and competitive advantages under marginal conditions, limited availability of pests and pathogens, and high reproductive potential. A descriptive survey design was used in this study. In this study, the socio-economic impact of the prickly pear cactus was examined in two sites located in the northern rangeland of the Rift Valley in Kenya. A purposive sampling technique with semi-structured questionnaires administered through an Open Data Kit was used to generate the primary data. In order to examine the influence of O. stricta on the socio-economic status of livelihoods, the study used linear regression analysis. The study concluded that an increase in cactus thicket negatively affects the livelihoods of the pastoral communities. This study recommends that support to the local communities from the government, as well as other developing agencies operating within the region, is necessary for the effective management of the invasive species. Furthermore, development plans for the region must also take into account the socio-ecological impact of the prickly pear cactus in the region.
本研究旨在评估刺梨仙人掌对肯尼亚北部裂谷牧场牧民生计的社会经济状况的影响。刺梨仙人掌（Opuntia stricta）是肯尼亚干旱和半干旱地区最广泛和最自然的入侵物种之一，对农村生计和环境造成了严重的负面影响。O. stricta之所以具有入侵性，是因为它在贫瘠条件下具有生产和竞争优势，虫害和病原体有限，繁殖潜力大。本研究采用了描述性调查设计。本研究在肯尼亚大裂谷北部牧场的两个地点考察了刺梨仙人掌的社会经济影响。研究采用了有目的的抽样技术，通过开放数据工具包发放半结构式问卷，以获取原始数据。为了研究 O. stricta 对生计的社会经济状况的影响，研究采用了线性回归分析法。研究得出结论，仙人掌丛的增加对牧民社区的生计产生了负面影响。本研究建议，政府以及在该地区开展业务的其他发展机构有必要为当地社区提供支持，以有效管理入侵物种。此外，该地区的发展计划也必须考虑到刺梨仙人掌对该地区社会生态的影响。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.51317/ecjges.v1i1.460
Joseph Mugane, Benard Muok, Peter Bulli
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the prickly pear cactus on the socio-economic status of pastoral livelihoods of rangelands in the Northern Rift Valley of Kenya. The prickly pear cactus (Opuntia stricta) is one of the most widespread and naturalized invasive species in the arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya, with serious negative consequences on rural livelihoods and the environment. The invasiveness of O. stricta is due to its productive and competitive advantages under marginal conditions, limited availability of pests and pathogens, and high reproductive potential. A descriptive survey design was used in this study. In this study, the socio-economic impact of the prickly pear cactus was examined in two sites located in the northern rangeland of the Rift Valley in Kenya. A purposive sampling technique with semi-structured questionnaires administered through an Open Data Kit was used to generate the primary data. In order to examine the influence of O. stricta on the socio-economic status of livelihoods, the study used linear regression analysis. The study concluded that an increase in cactus thicket negatively affects the livelihoods of the pastoral communities. This study recommends that support to the local communities from the government, as well as other developing agencies operating within the region, is necessary for the effective management of the invasive species. Furthermore, development plans for the region must also take into account the socio-ecological impact of the prickly pear cactus in the region.
本研究旨在评估刺梨仙人掌对肯尼亚北部裂谷牧场牧民生计的社会经济状况的影响。刺梨仙人掌（Opuntia stricta）是肯尼亚干旱和半干旱地区最广泛和最自然的入侵物种之一，对农村生计和环境造成了严重的负面影响。O. stricta之所以具有入侵性，是因为它在贫瘠条件下具有生产和竞争优势，虫害和病原体有限，繁殖潜力大。本研究采用了描述性调查设计。本研究在肯尼亚大裂谷北部牧场的两个地点考察了刺梨仙人掌的社会经济影响。研究采用了有目的的抽样技术，通过开放数据工具包发放半结构式问卷，以获取原始数据。为了研究 O. stricta 对生计的社会经济状况的影响，研究采用了线性回归分析法。研究得出结论，仙人掌丛的增加对牧民社区的生计产生了负面影响。本研究建议，政府以及在该地区开展业务的其他发展机构有必要为当地社区提供支持，以有效管理入侵物种。此外，该地区的发展计划也必须考虑到刺梨仙人掌对该地区社会生态的影响。
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Pub Date : 2022-02-20DOI: 10.51317/ecjges.v1i1.316
Bornes C. Mosonik
This paper examines the morphology and environmentally persistent free radicals on biochars. It is true that the increase in population has led to exponential increase in demand for energy leading to gradual depletion of fossil fuel reserves. Therefore arises the need to search for alternative renewable clean and sustainable energy resource. Biomass derived fuels offers the best alternative to fossil fuel. Pyrolysis is one of the techniques used to produce biofuel from biomass. Thermal decomposition of biomass in limited supply of oxygen leads to emissions of complex matrices that affect biofuel utilization and stability. The major by-products from biomass pyrolysis include liquid oil, biochar and gases depending on operating conditions such as temperature, particle size, heating rate and reactor configuration. Biochars generated tend to find its use majorly in industry, agriculture and cleaning of industrial waste. Nonetheless biochars may contain organic compounds such as furans, aldehydes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) and environmentally persistent free radicals which are of toxic, carcinogenic, cause oxidative stress and mutagenic. This review therefore focuses on the characteristics of biochar in terms of morphology and the nature of persistent free radicals embedded on the surface of the biochar. It is notable that the information on optimum conditions for production of biochars free of persistent free radicals is scanty if any.
{"title":"Morphology and Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals on Biochars: A Review","authors":"Bornes C. Mosonik","doi":"10.51317/ecjges.v1i1.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51317/ecjges.v1i1.316","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the morphology and environmentally persistent free radicals on biochars. It is true that the increase in population has led to exponential increase in demand for energy leading to gradual depletion of fossil fuel reserves. Therefore arises the need to search for alternative renewable clean and sustainable energy resource. Biomass derived fuels offers the best alternative to fossil fuel. Pyrolysis is one of the techniques used to produce biofuel from biomass. Thermal decomposition of biomass in limited supply of oxygen leads to emissions of complex matrices that affect biofuel utilization and stability. The major by-products from biomass pyrolysis include liquid oil, biochar and gases depending on operating conditions such as temperature, particle size, heating rate and reactor configuration. Biochars generated tend to find its use majorly in industry, agriculture and cleaning of industrial waste. Nonetheless biochars may contain organic compounds such as furans, aldehydes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) and environmentally persistent free radicals which are of toxic, carcinogenic, cause oxidative stress and mutagenic. This review therefore focuses on the characteristics of biochar in terms of morphology and the nature of persistent free radicals embedded on the surface of the biochar. It is notable that the information on optimum conditions for production of biochars free of persistent free radicals is scanty if any.","PeriodicalId":251059,"journal":{"name":"Editon Consortium Journal of Geography and Environmental sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128781464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.51317/ecjges.v1i1.314
Lydia K. Muendo; Dr Pius K. Wanyonyi
This article analyses environmental degradation and the destocking question in Machakos County. The establishment of colonial rule led to a considerable transformation in the environmental conditions of Machakos County. Human activities have always changed the physical environment, but the scale and impact grew enormously during the colonial period. In order to survive, the Akamba responded to the altered environmental conditions under the demands and restraints of colonial policies. Forceful destocking in the context of land alienation is discussed in this article from the political ecology theoretical framework. Akamba response to these changes is demonstrated as well as the consequent reaction of the colonial administration. Data for the article was drawn from both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources included archival records at the Kenya National Archives (Nairobi and Machakos). Both published and unpublished works were used to collect secondary data. Descriptive data analysis using qualitative methods of content analysis was applied. This article concluded that political considerations were made in regard environmental conservation. The intersection between colonialism, resource utilisation, and local and international politics fall in the context of environmental history. The area recommended for further research is the Second World War, the Mau Mau war and the clamour for independence as relates to land and its resources in terms of environmental conservation in Machakos County.
{"title":"Destocking Question and the Environmental Degradation in Machakos County in Kenya: Myths and Facts.","authors":"Lydia K. Muendo; Dr Pius K. Wanyonyi","doi":"10.51317/ecjges.v1i1.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51317/ecjges.v1i1.314","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses environmental degradation and the destocking question in Machakos County. The establishment of colonial rule led to a considerable transformation in the environmental conditions of Machakos County. Human activities have always changed the physical environment, but the scale and impact grew enormously during the colonial period. In order to survive, the Akamba responded to the altered environmental conditions under the demands and restraints of colonial policies. Forceful destocking in the context of land alienation is discussed in this article from the political ecology theoretical framework. Akamba response to these changes is demonstrated as well as the consequent reaction of the colonial administration. Data for the article was drawn from both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources included archival records at the Kenya National Archives (Nairobi and Machakos). Both published and unpublished works were used to collect secondary data. Descriptive data analysis using qualitative methods of content analysis was applied. This article concluded that political considerations were made in regard environmental conservation. The intersection between colonialism, resource utilisation, and local and international politics fall in the context of environmental history. The area recommended for further research is the Second World War, the Mau Mau war and the clamour for independence as relates to land and its resources in terms of environmental conservation in Machakos County.","PeriodicalId":251059,"journal":{"name":"Editon Consortium Journal of Geography and Environmental sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127883160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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