{"title":"George Monck and the Controversial Catholic Truce of 1649*","authors":"Jerrold I. Casway","doi":"10.3828/sh.1976.16.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/sh.1976.16.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":251122,"journal":{"name":"Studia Hibernica: Volume 16, Issue 1","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131270186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lack of detailed studies on major economic institutions represents a serious void in Irish historiography. This is even more true in the case of marketing networks for agricultural products. James S. Donnelly's work on the role of the Cork Butter Market in the nineteenth-century Irish butter trade is therefore especially welcome.1 Perhaps it is a measure of the success of this contribution that one is stimulated to seek some extensions of ideas contained therein, and possibly a re-examination of some of the basic data. The most interesting and informative area of this study focuses on the institutional and ultimately entrepreneurial failure which underlay the decline of the Cork Butter Market (CBM). Faced with dynamic market conditions from the 1870s onwards-on the supply side of the emergence of new competitors soon fortified by innovations in processing and marketing, on the demand side changing consumer preferences in the British market-the CBM's reaction was woefully inadequate. The decline of the traditional trade in firkin butter was clearly inevitable. What was not inevitable was the rapid demise of the CBM itself. Donnelly identifies and describes major imperfections in the marketing system but the deep seated resistance to reform remains unexplained. If, as seems probable, this is a case of entrepreneurial failure one is faced with the intriguing problem: how does one account for such failure? Why, as is suggested, did butter merchants in Limerick and Tipperary display a more elastic response to a changing economic environment? One possible line of enquiry lies in a consideration of the market structure of the Cork butter buying business, the presumption being that market structure is a key determinant of the behaviour of economic agents.2 Between 1860 and 1880 the number of butter buyers associated with the CBM remained fairly constant at a figure of around fifty, not a very high number when set against a butter producing clientele of seventy to eighty thousand farmers. While the number of firms in a market is an important structural attribute the relative sizes of such firms and the spatial arrangement of their buying activities is of considerably greater significance. Unfortunately precise information is not provided on this point although it is stated that while a few butter buyers 'advanced as 1 J. S. Donnelly "Cork market: its role in the nineteenth-century Irish butter
缺乏对主要经济制度的详细研究是爱尔兰史学的一个严重空白。在农产品营销网络中更是如此。James S. Donnelly关于软木黄油市场在19世纪爱尔兰黄油贸易中的作用的著作因此特别受欢迎也许这一贡献成功的一个衡量标准是，人们被激励去寻求其中所包含的思想的一些扩展，并可能重新检查一些基本数据。本研究中最有趣和最有信息的领域集中在制度和最终的创业失败，这是软木黄油市场(CBM)衰落的基础。面对19世纪70年代以来充满活力的市场环境——供应方新竞争者的出现很快被加工和营销方面的创新所强化，需求方英国市场中消费者偏好的变化——CBM的反应严重不足。传统牛油贸易的衰落显然是不可避免的。CBM本身的迅速消亡并非不可避免。唐纳利指出并描述了市场营销体系的主要缺陷，但对改革的根深蒂固的抵制仍未得到解释。如果这是一个创业失败的案例(看起来很有可能)，那么人们就会面临一个有趣的问题:如何解释这种失败?为什么利默里克和蒂珀雷里的黄油商人对不断变化的经济环境表现出更有弹性的反应?一个可能的调查线索在于考虑软木黄油购买业务的市场结构，假设市场结构是经济主体行为的关键决定因素1860年至1880年间，与CBM相关的黄油买家数量基本保持在50人左右，与7万至8万名黄油生产客户相比，这并不是一个很高的数字。虽然市场中的企业数量是一个重要的结构属性，但这些企业的相对规模及其购买活动的空间安排具有更大的意义。不幸的是，在这一点上没有提供准确的信息，尽管有人说，当一些黄油买家在J. S. Donnelly的“软木市场:它在19世纪爱尔兰黄油中的作用”中进步时
{"title":"The Decline of the Cork Butter Market: A Comment","authors":"L. Kennedy","doi":"10.3828/sh.1976.16.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/sh.1976.16.9","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of detailed studies on major economic institutions represents a serious void in Irish historiography. This is even more true in the case of marketing networks for agricultural products. James S. Donnelly's work on the role of the Cork Butter Market in the nineteenth-century Irish butter trade is therefore especially welcome.1 Perhaps it is a measure of the success of this contribution that one is stimulated to seek some extensions of ideas contained therein, and possibly a re-examination of some of the basic data. The most interesting and informative area of this study focuses on the institutional and ultimately entrepreneurial failure which underlay the decline of the Cork Butter Market (CBM). Faced with dynamic market conditions from the 1870s onwards-on the supply side of the emergence of new competitors soon fortified by innovations in processing and marketing, on the demand side changing consumer preferences in the British market-the CBM's reaction was woefully inadequate. The decline of the traditional trade in firkin butter was clearly inevitable. What was not inevitable was the rapid demise of the CBM itself. Donnelly identifies and describes major imperfections in the marketing system but the deep seated resistance to reform remains unexplained. If, as seems probable, this is a case of entrepreneurial failure one is faced with the intriguing problem: how does one account for such failure? Why, as is suggested, did butter merchants in Limerick and Tipperary display a more elastic response to a changing economic environment? One possible line of enquiry lies in a consideration of the market structure of the Cork butter buying business, the presumption being that market structure is a key determinant of the behaviour of economic agents.2 Between 1860 and 1880 the number of butter buyers associated with the CBM remained fairly constant at a figure of around fifty, not a very high number when set against a butter producing clientele of seventy to eighty thousand farmers. While the number of firms in a market is an important structural attribute the relative sizes of such firms and the spatial arrangement of their buying activities is of considerably greater significance. Unfortunately precise information is not provided on this point although it is stated that while a few butter buyers 'advanced as 1 J. S. Donnelly \"Cork market: its role in the nineteenth-century Irish butter","PeriodicalId":251122,"journal":{"name":"Studia Hibernica: Volume 16, Issue 1","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124607491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：