Pub Date : 2019-05-03DOI: 10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.2.TRAC
Philippa Page
{"title":"Proceedings from the 20th Annual TRAC Meeting, July 20–22, 2018 in New Orleans, Louisiana","authors":"Philippa Page","doi":"10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.2.TRAC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.2.TRAC","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":252315,"journal":{"name":"JPHR: Journal of Performance Health Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126714431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.25036/JPHR.2019.3.1.BEHM
David G. Behm, R. J. Lau, J. O'leary, Machel Rayner, Elizabeth A Burton, L. Lavers
**Background:** Prolonged static stretching (SS) has been shown to impair subsequent performance of the stretched muscle. There is some evidence that unilateral SS can have crossover or global effects on range of motion (ROM), but there is scant information regarding whether prolonged SS also impairs contralateral muscle groups. **Purpose:** The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of self-administered unilateral SS with a TheraBand® stretch strap on contralateral hip flexion ROM and knee extension isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) force and muscle activation. **Study Design:** This study used an experimental repeated-measures intervention design. **Methods:** In total, 14 male participants performed self-administered SS of the dominant quadriceps and hamstrings (eight repetitions of 30 s each) with a TheraBand stretch strap. The aim was to observe pre- to post-SS-induced changes in hip flexion (hamstrings) ROM, knee extension (quadriceps) isometric force, and muscle activation (as recorded with electromyography [EMG]) in both dominant (experimental limb) and nondominant lower limbs (control lower limb). **Results:** A significant tested leg x time interaction [F(1,13) = 6.58; P = 0.04; eta2 = 0.210) demonstrated that the ROM increases in both the stretched and contralateral nonstretched legs by 6.7% (d = 0.53) and 4.3% (d = 0.38), respectively. There were no significant interactions for MVC force or muscle activation for either leg. **Conclusion:** The lack of crossover MVC changes suggests that the mechanism for contralateral increases in ROM may be stretch tolerance. **Clinical Relevance:** Individuals who are injured or are undergoing rehabilitation should continue to stretch the noninjured limb to maintain or improve flexibility of the injured limb.
{"title":"Acute Effects of Unilateral Self-Administered Static Stretching on Contralateral Limb Performance","authors":"David G. Behm, R. J. Lau, J. O'leary, Machel Rayner, Elizabeth A Burton, L. Lavers","doi":"10.25036/JPHR.2019.3.1.BEHM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25036/JPHR.2019.3.1.BEHM","url":null,"abstract":"**Background:** Prolonged static stretching (SS) has been shown to impair subsequent performance of the stretched muscle. There is some evidence that unilateral SS can have crossover or global effects on range of motion (ROM), but there is scant information regarding whether prolonged SS also impairs contralateral muscle groups. \u0000**Purpose:** The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of self-administered unilateral SS with a TheraBand® stretch strap on contralateral hip flexion ROM and knee extension isometric maximum voluntary\u0000contraction (MVC) force and muscle activation.\u0000**Study Design:** This study used an experimental repeated-measures intervention design.\u0000**Methods:** In total, 14 male participants performed self-administered SS of the dominant quadriceps and hamstrings (eight repetitions of 30 s each) with a TheraBand stretch strap. The aim was to observe pre- to post-SS-induced changes in hip flexion (hamstrings) ROM, knee extension (quadriceps) isometric force, and muscle activation (as recorded with electromyography [EMG]) in both dominant (experimental limb) and nondominant lower limbs (control lower limb).\u0000**Results:** A significant tested leg x time interaction [F(1,13) = 6.58; P = 0.04; eta2 = 0.210) demonstrated that the ROM increases in both the stretched and contralateral nonstretched legs by 6.7% (d = 0.53) and 4.3%\u0000(d = 0.38), respectively. There were no significant interactions for MVC force or muscle activation for either leg.\u0000**Conclusion:** The lack of crossover MVC changes suggests that the mechanism for contralateral increases in ROM may be stretch tolerance.\u0000**Clinical Relevance:** Individuals who are injured or are undergoing rehabilitation should continue to stretch the noninjured limb to maintain or improve flexibility of the injured limb.","PeriodicalId":252315,"journal":{"name":"JPHR: Journal of Performance Health Research","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132610766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.1.HOOGENBOOM
Barbara J. Hoogenboom, A. Stinson, Allison Huyser, M. Suter
**Background:** Overhead deep squat (OHDS) is used in both Functional Movement Screen (FMSTM) and other systems to examine movement competency during squatting. There is little evidence examining the effective- ness of exercises in improving OHDS performance in individuals with stability dysfunctions. **Purpose:** The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of low-level corrective exercises using TheraBand® CLX bands on OHDS performance in subjects with identified stability dysfunction during squatting. **Study Design:** This is an observational cohort study. **Methods:** In total, 59 healthy subjects (age, 18–40 years), participated in this study. Subjects were included if they demonstrated stability dysfunction during squatting and were excluded if they had a history of spinal or lower extremity injury or surgery and/or neurological or balance issues. Two-dimensional (2D) videos were used to record a preintervention (pre) OHDS in the frontal and sagittal views. Corrective exercises using TheraBand CLX were assigned on the basis of OHDS deficits. Subjects performed 3 sets of 15 repetitions of the assigned corrective exercises at a nonfatiguing workload, and postintervention (post) 2D videos were repeated. All videos were analyzed using Dartfish® Software to measure trunk angle, knee separation distance, and squat depth. **Results:** Statistically significant differences were observed between pre and post measures of knee separation at 0° of knee flexion (P = 0.013) and 60° of knee flexion (P = 0.039), as well as trunk-to-floor angle at 60° of knee flexion (P = 0.020) and at full depth (P = 0.000). Pre and post measures of full squat depth and knee separation at full depth were not significantly different. The effect sizes of the measured variables were small to medium, ranging from 0.02 to 0.67. **Discussion:** Corrective exercises using TheraBand CLX had several positive short-term statistically significant effects on OHDS mechanics. Small effect sizes were associated with knee separation (0° and 60°) and trunk angle at 60°, and a medium effect size was associated with trunk angle at full depth. Thus, movement changes observed in the postintervention squat cannot be fully attributed to the interventions. **Conclusion:** Significant short-term changes with small-to-medium effect sizes were found in multiple outcome measures; however, it is questionable whether these changes would be clinically observable in a physical therapy or sports performance setting without the use of video analysis.
{"title":"2D Video Analysis of the Effects of TheraBand® CLX Neuromuscular Exercises on Overhead Deep Squat: An Observational Cohort Study","authors":"Barbara J. Hoogenboom, A. Stinson, Allison Huyser, M. Suter","doi":"10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.1.HOOGENBOOM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.1.HOOGENBOOM","url":null,"abstract":"**Background:** Overhead deep squat (OHDS) is used in both Functional Movement Screen (FMSTM) and other systems to examine movement competency during squatting. There is little evidence examining the effective- ness of exercises in improving OHDS performance in individuals with stability dysfunctions.\u0000**Purpose:** The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of low-level corrective exercises using TheraBand® CLX bands on OHDS performance in subjects with identified stability dysfunction during squatting.\u0000**Study Design:** This is an observational cohort study.\u0000**Methods:** In total, 59 healthy subjects (age, 18–40 years), participated in this study. Subjects were included if they demonstrated stability dysfunction during squatting and were excluded if they had a history of spinal or lower extremity injury or surgery and/or neurological or balance issues. Two-dimensional (2D) videos were used to record a preintervention (pre) OHDS in the frontal and sagittal views. Corrective exercises using TheraBand CLX were assigned on the basis of OHDS deficits. Subjects performed 3 sets of 15 repetitions of the assigned corrective exercises at a nonfatiguing workload, and postintervention (post) 2D videos were repeated. All videos were analyzed using Dartfish® Software to measure trunk angle, knee separation distance, and squat depth.\u0000**Results:** Statistically significant differences were observed between pre and post measures of knee separation at 0° of knee flexion (P = 0.013) and 60° of knee flexion (P = 0.039), as well as trunk-to-floor angle at 60° of knee flexion (P = 0.020) and at full depth (P = 0.000). Pre and post measures of full squat depth and knee separation at full depth were not significantly different. The effect sizes of the measured variables were small to medium, ranging from 0.02 to 0.67.\u0000**Discussion:** Corrective exercises using TheraBand CLX had several positive short-term statistically significant effects on OHDS mechanics. Small effect sizes were associated with knee separation (0° and 60°) and trunk angle at 60°, and a medium effect size was associated with trunk angle at full depth. Thus, movement changes observed in the postintervention squat cannot be fully attributed to the interventions.\u0000**Conclusion:** Significant short-term changes with small-to-medium effect sizes were found in multiple outcome measures; however, it is questionable whether these changes would be clinically observable in a physical therapy or sports performance setting without the use of video analysis.","PeriodicalId":252315,"journal":{"name":"JPHR: Journal of Performance Health Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129056341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-27DOI: 10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.1.BEHM
David G. Behm, C. Duffett, S. Wiseman, I. Halperin
Background: Prior studies have reported an increase in range of motion (ROM) and pain pressure thresholds (PPT) with self-massage using foam rollers and roller massagers. A possible mechanism for the increased ROM is the increase in stretch (pain) threshold. The effects of the use of a topical analgesic alone or in combination with rolling may provide additional benefits for ROM and PPT and improve the ability to tolerate discomfort during a fatiguing protocol. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the use of a topical analgesic alone or a roller massager alone and a combination of both on ROM, PPT, and performance in a fatiguing protocol. Design: This study used a repeated-measures, randomized, within-subjects design. Methods: Sixteen healthy, active male participants (age range, 18–27 years) free from musculoskeletal injuries participated in the study that included 5 conditions, namely, control, placebo gel, topical analgesic gel, rolling and placebo gel, and rolling and topical analgesic gel. All sessions involved 2 ROM and PPT pretests separated by 5 min. Further, after a 20-min recovery period, 2 posttests of ROM, PPT, and heel raises to failure (HRF) were completed at 5-min intervals. In sessions including gel application, immediately after posttest 2, the gels were manually applied on the dominant-leg calf muscles. In sessions including self-massage, 18 min after pretest 2, a rolling massage protocol of 3 sets of 30 s with 10-s rest for a score of 7/10 on the pain scale to cadence of 1 s for the full length of the muscle was conducted from the same sitting position. Statistical analysis: A 5 conditions 4 times repeated-measures ANOVA () was used to analyze PPT and ROM, whereas a 5 conditions 2 times ANOVA was used for HRF. Results: There were no significant main effects for condition or any interactions. A main effect for time (P = 0.031) showed meaningful but no statistically significant (P = 0.1) increases in PPT with near-significant increases between pretest 1 (35.9 6 10.1 kg) and pretest 2 (38.3 6 12.6 kg) and significant (P = 0.02) increases from posttest 1 (36.3 6 11.4 kg) to posttest 2 (38.9 6 12.8 kg). ROM also showed a main effect for time (P < 0.0001), with significant improvements between all times and with the exception of results from posttest 1 to posttest 2 [pretest 1 (13.8 6 3.1 cm), pretest 2 (14.08 6 3.2 cm), posttest 1 (14.28 6 2.9 cm), posttest 2 (14.4 6 3.3 cm)]. HRF showed a main effect for time, with a significant (P = 0.006) decrease in repetitions from posttest 1 (22.1 6 6.7) to posttest 2 (20.4 6 4.4).
{"title":"Use of Topical Analgesic and Rolling Alone or in Combination Does Not Increase Flexibility, Pain Pressure Threshold, and Fatigue Endurance—A Repeated-Measures Randomized, Within-Subjects, Exploratory Study","authors":"David G. Behm, C. Duffett, S. Wiseman, I. Halperin","doi":"10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.1.BEHM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.1.BEHM","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prior studies have reported an increase in range of motion (ROM) and pain pressure thresholds (PPT) with self-massage using foam rollers and roller massagers. A possible mechanism for the increased ROM is the increase in stretch (pain) threshold. The effects of the use of a topical analgesic alone or in combination with rolling may provide additional benefits for ROM and PPT and improve the ability to tolerate discomfort during a fatiguing protocol. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the use of a topical analgesic alone or a roller massager alone and a combination of both on ROM, PPT, and performance in a fatiguing protocol. Design: This study used a repeated-measures, randomized, within-subjects design. Methods: Sixteen healthy, active male participants (age range, 18–27 years) free from musculoskeletal injuries participated in the study that included 5 conditions, namely, control, placebo gel, topical analgesic gel, rolling and placebo gel, and rolling and topical analgesic gel. All sessions involved 2 ROM and PPT pretests separated by 5 min. Further, after a 20-min recovery period, 2 posttests of ROM, PPT, and heel raises to failure (HRF) were completed at 5-min intervals. In sessions including gel application, immediately after posttest 2, the gels were manually applied on the dominant-leg calf muscles. In sessions including self-massage, 18 min after pretest 2, a rolling massage protocol of 3 sets of 30 s with 10-s rest for a score of 7/10 on the pain scale to cadence of 1 s for the full length of the muscle was conducted from the same sitting position. Statistical analysis: A 5 conditions 4 times repeated-measures ANOVA () was used to analyze PPT and ROM, whereas a 5 conditions 2 times ANOVA was used for HRF. Results: There were no significant main effects for condition or any interactions. A main effect for time (P = 0.031) showed meaningful but no statistically significant (P = 0.1) increases in PPT with near-significant increases between pretest 1 (35.9 6 10.1 kg) and pretest 2 (38.3 6 12.6 kg) and significant (P = 0.02) increases from posttest 1 (36.3 6 11.4 kg) to posttest 2 (38.9 6 12.8 kg). ROM also showed a main effect for time (P < 0.0001), with significant improvements between all times and with the exception of results from posttest 1 to posttest 2 [pretest 1 (13.8 6 3.1 cm), pretest 2 (14.08 6 3.2 cm), posttest 1 (14.28 6 2.9 cm), posttest 2 (14.4 6 3.3 cm)]. HRF showed a main effect for time, with a significant (P = 0.006) decrease in repetitions from posttest 1 (22.1 6 6.7) to posttest 2 (20.4 6 4.4).","PeriodicalId":252315,"journal":{"name":"JPHR: Journal of Performance Health Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116940149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-13DOI: 10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.1.LIDEGAARD
Mark Lidegaard, R. Jensen, M. Zebis, L. Andersen
Background: Resistance training to failure is an advanced method often used by healthy individuals. Little is known about this type of training in individuals with musculoskeletal pain. Purpose: This study investigates the effect of 10 weeks’ elastic resistance training on neck and shoulder muscle activity during a single set to failure. Study design: This was an observational cohort study. Methods: Sixteen untrained, female office workers with chronic neck and shoulder pain performed 10 weeks of elastic resistance exercise as a single set of lateral raise to failure during workdays. Electromyography (EMG) amplitude and median power frequency (MPF) from the splenius and the upper trapezius muscles were analyzed. Results: EMG amplitude increased and MPF decreased linearly from the first to the last repetition during the set, before and after the 10 weeks of training. For the first few repetitions of exercise, muscle activity was higher after 10 weeks than before the intervention (91% vs.74%, P = 0.03). However, during the last repetitions, similar high levels of EMG amplitude were noted both before and after the 10 weeks (129% vs.127%, P = 0.81). The MPF before and after the training intervention was 79 and 77 Hz (P = 0.69), respectively, during the first repetitions, and 66 and 69 Hz (P = 0.62) during the last repetitions of exercise. The increase in EMG and decrease in MPF – which were similar before and after 10 weeks – are good indicators of acute muscle fatigue. Conclusion: The results indicate that untrained women with neck-shoulder pain are capable of training to failure, and concur with previous results showing rapid benefits in terms of muscle strength and pain reductions from this type of training.
{"title":"Muscle Activity During a Single Set of Resistance Training to Failure in Women With Chronic Neck and Shoulder Pain Before and After 10 Weeks Training","authors":"Mark Lidegaard, R. Jensen, M. Zebis, L. Andersen","doi":"10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.1.LIDEGAARD","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.1.LIDEGAARD","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Resistance training to failure is an advanced method often used by healthy individuals. Little is known about this type of training in individuals with musculoskeletal pain. Purpose: This study investigates the effect of 10 weeks’ elastic resistance training on neck and shoulder muscle activity during a single set to failure. Study design: This was an observational cohort study. Methods: Sixteen untrained, female office workers with chronic neck and shoulder pain performed 10 weeks of elastic resistance exercise as a single set of lateral raise to failure during workdays. Electromyography (EMG) amplitude and median power frequency (MPF) from the splenius and the upper trapezius muscles were analyzed. Results: EMG amplitude increased and MPF decreased linearly from the first to the last repetition during the set, before and after the 10 weeks of training. For the first few repetitions of exercise, muscle activity was higher after 10 weeks than before the intervention (91% vs.74%, P = 0.03). However, during the last repetitions, similar high levels of EMG amplitude were noted both before and after the 10 weeks (129% vs.127%, P = 0.81). The MPF before and after the training intervention was 79 and 77 Hz (P = 0.69), respectively, during the first repetitions, and 66 and 69 Hz (P = 0.62) during the last repetitions of exercise. The increase in EMG and decrease in MPF – which were similar before and after 10 weeks – are good indicators of acute muscle fatigue. Conclusion: The results indicate that untrained women with neck-shoulder pain are capable of training to failure, and concur with previous results showing rapid benefits in terms of muscle strength and pain reductions from this type of training.","PeriodicalId":252315,"journal":{"name":"JPHR: Journal of Performance Health Research","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115916017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-13DOI: 10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.1.TOPP
R. Topp, Jena Etnoyer-Slaski, H. Sterling, J. Greenstein, B. Bishop
**Background:** Chronic neck and back pain lasting over 3 months is a significant source of disability. Recent recommendations for treating chronic pain indicate nonpharmacological interventions be initially prescribed. Topical menthol, elastic therapeutic tape, thermal therapy, and exercise have been found to be effective in reducing musculoskeletal pain. The pain relief kit described here includes these nonpharmacological interventions for patients to self-select their pain management. **Purpose:** The purpose of this 3-week study was to determine the effect of a multimodal, nonpharmacological pain relief kit on pain, functioning, and pain medication consumption in individuals experiencing chronic neck and/or low back pain. **Study Design:** This is a repeated measures single observational cohort study. **Methods:** Study participants included 25 volunteers with moderate intensity (>3/10) chronic neck and/or low back pain. Subjects completed baseline data collection and then received a pain relief kit. This kit included a brochure, product samples, and a description of how to use the four nonpharmacological interventions, includ- ing topical menthol, kinesiology tape, thermal therapy, and 3 stretching and 3 strengthening exercises to be performed using elastic resistance. Data were collected at 3 points—before giving the kit (baseline) and at 1 week (T1) and 3 weeks (T2) after giving the kit—using the Modified Patient Specific Functional Scale (MPSFS), Medical Outcomes Survey (MOS)-36, and by assessing their ability to complete 4 functional tasks and pain intensity while completing the tasks. Furthermore, all participants used a daily log to enter the rating of their pain, document the interventions used from the kit, and the number of pain medications they consumed. **Results:** There was a significant (P < .05) improvement between baseline to T2 in MPSFS and the MOS Physical Functioning and Energy/Fatigue scale. Also, between baseline to T2, the subjects reported improvement in performing 2 functional tasks and significantly less pain while completing all of the functional tasks. Finally, over the duration of the study, subjects reported significantly less daily pain, fewer days of pain per week, and less pain medication consumed per day. **Conclusion:** The use of nonpharmacological interventions provided in the pain relief kit allow chronic neck and low back pain patients to effectively self-manage their pain, improve their ability to perform functional tasks, and reduce their pain medication consumption.
{"title":"Management of Chronic Neck and/or Low Back Pain With a Multimodal Nonpharmacological Pain Relief Kit","authors":"R. Topp, Jena Etnoyer-Slaski, H. Sterling, J. Greenstein, B. Bishop","doi":"10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.1.TOPP","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25036/JPHR.2018.2.1.TOPP","url":null,"abstract":"**Background:** Chronic neck and back pain lasting over 3 months is a significant source of disability. Recent recommendations for treating chronic pain indicate nonpharmacological interventions be initially prescribed. Topical menthol, elastic therapeutic tape, thermal therapy, and exercise have been found to be effective in reducing musculoskeletal pain. The pain relief kit described here includes these nonpharmacological interventions for patients to self-select their pain management.\u0000**Purpose:** The purpose of this 3-week study was to determine the effect of a multimodal, nonpharmacological pain relief kit on pain, functioning, and pain medication consumption in individuals experiencing chronic neck and/or low back pain.\u0000**Study Design:** This is a repeated measures single observational cohort study.\u0000**Methods:** Study participants included 25 volunteers with moderate intensity (>3/10) chronic neck and/or low back pain. Subjects completed baseline data collection and then received a pain relief kit. This kit included a brochure, product samples, and a description of how to use the four nonpharmacological interventions, includ- ing topical menthol, kinesiology tape, thermal therapy, and 3 stretching and 3 strengthening exercises to be performed using elastic resistance. Data were collected at 3 points—before giving the kit (baseline) and at 1 week (T1) and 3 weeks (T2) after giving the kit—using the Modified Patient Specific Functional Scale (MPSFS), Medical Outcomes Survey (MOS)-36, and by assessing their ability to complete 4 functional tasks and pain intensity while completing the tasks. Furthermore, all participants used a daily log to enter the rating of their pain, document the interventions used from the kit, and the number of pain medications they consumed.\u0000**Results:** There was a significant (P < .05) improvement between baseline to T2 in MPSFS and the MOS Physical Functioning and Energy/Fatigue scale. Also, between baseline to T2, the subjects reported improvement in performing 2 functional tasks and significantly less pain while completing all of the functional tasks. Finally, over the duration of the study, subjects reported significantly less daily pain, fewer days of pain per week, and less pain medication consumed per day.\u0000**Conclusion:** The use of nonpharmacological interventions provided in the pain relief kit allow chronic neck and low back pain patients to effectively self-manage their pain, improve their ability to perform functional tasks, and reduce their pain medication consumption.","PeriodicalId":252315,"journal":{"name":"JPHR: Journal of Performance Health Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115646051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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