Overdoing Democracy最新文献

Overdoing Democracy

Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190924195.003.0003

R. Talisse

This chapter argues that the problem of overdoing democracy is inherent within the democratic ideal; we tend to overdo democracy in our pursuit of responsible democratic practice. Thus the problem is not due to an infiltration of some antidemocratic norm or tendency into democratic society. Rather, the democratic ideal of self-government among equals lends itself to progressively expanding conceptions of the social reach of democratic politics. This chapter defines the site, scope, and reach of politics, and discusses majoritarian, minimalist, particpationalist, and deliberativist views of democracy. The latter view is what we are trying to do, and, more importantly for present purposes, it is most often what we see ourselves as doing when we engage politically.

本章认为，过度民主的问题是民主理想所固有的;在追求负责任的民主实践的过程中，我们倾向于过度民主。因此，问题不是由于某种反民主的规范或倾向渗透到民主社会。相反，平等自治的民主理想有助于逐步扩大民主政治的社会范围的概念。本章定义了政治的地点、范围和范围，并讨论了多数主义、极简主义、参与主义和协商主义对民主的看法。后一种观点是我们正在努力做的，更重要的是，就目前的目的而言，当我们参与政治时，这通常是我们认为自己在做的。

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The Political Saturation of Social Space 社会空间的政治饱和

Overdoing Democracy

Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190924195.003.0004

R. Talisse

This chapter begins to develop the book’s diagnostic argument. Overdoing democracy is partly the result of a widespread social phenomenon identified as the political saturation of social space. Politics has permeated our lives enough to guide where we shop, what we wear, even what we drink (Starbucks latte versus Dunkin’ Donuts coffee). Our social spaces are increasingly sorted and segregated according to our political allegiances, while our political allegiances are increasingly constitutive of our broader social identities. The result is that we are more than ever enacting democratic citizenship, but almost always under conditions that are themselves politically homogeneous. Until citizens are open to each other’s arguments, we cannot plausibly see democratic political rule as consistent with each citizens’ status as an equal, and thus more than merely the tyranny of the majority.

本章开始展开本书的诊断论证。过度民主在一定程度上是一种普遍的社会现象的结果，这种现象被认为是社会空间的政治饱和。政治已经渗透到我们的生活中，足以指导我们去哪里购物、穿什么，甚至指导我们喝什么(星巴克拿铁和唐恩都乐咖啡)。根据我们的政治忠诚，我们的社会空间越来越被分类和隔离，而我们的政治忠诚也越来越多地构成了我们更广泛的社会身份。其结果是，我们比以往任何时候都更多地实行民主公民权，但几乎总是在政治上同质的条件下。除非公民们对彼此的观点持开放态度，否则我们无法合理地认为民主政治统治与每个公民的平等地位是一致的，而不仅仅是多数人的暴政。

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Can Democracy Be Overdone? 民主会不会过头?

Overdoing Democracy

Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190924195.003.0002

R. Talisse

This chapter lays out the central thesis of the book and clarifies it be means of contrasting it with nearby or distinct opposing theses. The central thesis is that it is possible to overdo democracy, and overdoing democracy is detrimental to democracy. By emphasizing politics as part of democracy, people “crowd out” or have less time for pursuing other goods whose achievement is part of the point of pursuing the good that is overdone. The chapter demonstrates that this thesis is fully consistent with a robust, participatory conception of democratic politics. To avoid overdoing democracy, the book suggests that people find other things to do together, things in which politics has no place. Putting politics in its place does not mean that people must stand back from democratic politics to give elites enough room to govern, which is the minimalist or elitist thesis.

本章列出了本书的中心论点，并通过将其与附近或截然相反的论点进行对比来澄清它。中心论点是，过度民主是可能的，而过度民主对民主是有害的。通过强调政治是民主的一部分，人们“排挤”或没有时间去追求其他利益，而这些利益的成就是追求过度利益的一部分。这一章表明，这一论点完全符合民主政治的一个强有力的、参与性的概念。为了避免过度民主，这本书建议人们寻找其他事情一起做，而这些事情没有政治的地位。把政治放在它的位置上并不意味着人们必须从民主政治中退让，给精英足够的治理空间，这是极简主义或精英主义的论点。

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The Problem of Polarization 两极分化问题

Overdoing Democracy

Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190924195.003.0005

R. Talisse

This chapter completes the diagnostic argument by showing how the political saturation of social space contributes to our vulnerability to belief polarization. Belief polarization is the phenomenon by which like-minded individuals transform into more extreme versions of themselves in the wake of group interactions. It is argued that as the belief polarization effect can be prompted by mere corroboration of one’s views (rather than by face-to-face group discussion), politically saturated social environments can generate within us extremity shifts simply in the course of everyday activities. The belief polarization phenomenon initiates a broader polarization dynamic that dissolves citizens’ democratic capacities.

本章通过展示社会空间的政治饱和如何导致我们对信仰两极分化的脆弱性来完成诊断论证。信念极化是一种现象，通过这种现象，志同道合的个人在群体互动之后会变成更极端的自己。有人认为，由于信念极化效应可以通过仅仅证实一个人的观点(而不是面对面的小组讨论)来促进，政治饱和的社会环境可以在我们日常活动的过程中产生极端的转变。信仰极化现象引发了更广泛的极化动态，消解了公民的民主能力。

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The Place of Politics 政治的地方

Overdoing Democracy

Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190924195.003.0007

R. Talisse

This chapter concludes the book. It argues that no matter how thick a conception of democracy one favors, it must be acknowledged that democracy isn’t everything. This is because politics—and therefore democracy—is for something. The importance of getting politics right is partly due to the importance of the goods and aspirations that well-conducted politics serves. The point of democracy is to enable us to lead lives that involve the cultivation of valuable human relationships. But it is the essence of such relationships that the participants aim at goods beyond politics. Although our flourishing both individually and collectively surely requires social and political association, there are nonetheless components of human flourishing that cannot be won by politics alone.

这一章是全书的结尾。它认为，无论一个人对民主的观念有多深，必须承认民主不是一切。这是因为政治——也就是民主——是有目的的。正确的政治之所以重要，部分原因在于良好的政治所服务的利益和愿望的重要性。民主的意义在于使我们能够过一种涉及培养有价值的人际关系的生活。但这种关系的本质在于，参与者的目标是超越政治的利益。尽管我们个人和集体的繁荣肯定需要社会和政治的联合，但人类繁荣的一些组成部分不能仅靠政治来赢得。

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