Pub Date : 2019-03-21DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85346
Daisy Joseph
When an electron traveling at nearly the speed of light in an orbit, emits a continuum of electromagnetic radiation tangential to the orbit, it gives you a synchrotron light which is the synchrotron radiation. The main difference is that a cyclotron accelerates the particles in a spiral since the magnetic field is constant, whereas the synchrotron adjusts the magnetic field to keep the particles in a circular orbit. There are now more than 60 synchrotrons and free electron lasers (FELs) around the world dedicated to applications in physics, engineering, pharmacology, and new materials, to name but a few. As the electrons are deflected through the magnetic field created by the magnets, they give off electromagnetic radiation, so that at each bending magnet, a beam of synchrotron light is produced. SR—synchrotron radiation—can be used in a variety of spectroscopy techniques, namely, XAFS, soft X-ray, imaging, X-ray lithography, dispersive EXAFS, scanning EXAFS, EDXRD, XRF, protein crystallography, and X-ray beam diagnostic visible beam diagnostic to name a few.
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Synchrotron Radiation-Basics and Concepts","authors":"Daisy Joseph","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85346","url":null,"abstract":"When an electron traveling at nearly the speed of light in an orbit, emits a continuum of electromagnetic radiation tangential to the orbit, it gives you a synchrotron light which is the synchrotron radiation. The main difference is that a cyclotron accelerates the particles in a spiral since the magnetic field is constant, whereas the synchrotron adjusts the magnetic field to keep the particles in a circular orbit. There are now more than 60 synchrotrons and free electron lasers (FELs) around the world dedicated to applications in physics, engineering, pharmacology, and new materials, to name but a few. As the electrons are deflected through the magnetic field created by the magnets, they give off electromagnetic radiation, so that at each bending magnet, a beam of synchrotron light is produced. SR—synchrotron radiation—can be used in a variety of spectroscopy techniques, namely, XAFS, soft X-ray, imaging, X-ray lithography, dispersive EXAFS, scanning EXAFS, EDXRD, XRF, protein crystallography, and X-ray beam diagnostic visible beam diagnostic to name a few.","PeriodicalId":254518,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation - Useful and Interesting Applications","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123292774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-25DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84591
S. Cheeseman, V. K. Truong, J. Vongsvivut, M. Tobin, R. Crawford, E. Ivanova
Synchrotron-source infrared (IR) spectroscopy offers an effective method to characterise the chemical composition across surfaces. The intense light source allows the detection of trace quantities of different chemical components with a superior signal-to-noise ratio, while the highly collimated light enables high-reso-lution spatial mapping of the chemical distribution. In this chapter, we introduce synchrotron-source IR spectroscopy, using the infrared microspectroscopy (IRM) beamline at the Australian Synchrotron as an example. We then discuss the use of synchrotron-source IR spectroscopy to analyse insect wings in terms of experimental setup and a summary of the results in two different modes of operation, transmission and attenuated total reflection (ATR). Insect wings possess unique anti-wetting, self-cleaning, anti-biofouling and bactericidal properties and provide inspiration for biomimetic surfaces on synthetic materials which possess similar properties, useful in a range of industries.
{"title":"Applications of Synchrotron-Source IR Spectroscopy for the Investigation of Insect Wings","authors":"S. Cheeseman, V. K. Truong, J. Vongsvivut, M. Tobin, R. Crawford, E. Ivanova","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84591","url":null,"abstract":"Synchrotron-source infrared (IR) spectroscopy offers an effective method to characterise the chemical composition across surfaces. The intense light source allows the detection of trace quantities of different chemical components with a superior signal-to-noise ratio, while the highly collimated light enables high-reso-lution spatial mapping of the chemical distribution. In this chapter, we introduce synchrotron-source IR spectroscopy, using the infrared microspectroscopy (IRM) beamline at the Australian Synchrotron as an example. We then discuss the use of synchrotron-source IR spectroscopy to analyse insect wings in terms of experimental setup and a summary of the results in two different modes of operation, transmission and attenuated total reflection (ATR). Insect wings possess unique anti-wetting, self-cleaning, anti-biofouling and bactericidal properties and provide inspiration for biomimetic surfaces on synthetic materials which possess similar properties, useful in a range of industries.","PeriodicalId":254518,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation - Useful and Interesting Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130087327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-11DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83633
P. Sciau, Tian-xu Wang
Synchrotrons provide more and more significant analytical techniques to investigate ancient materials from cultural heritages. New ways to visualize the complex structure of these materials are developed on the basis of elemental, density, and refraction contrasts. The tunability of synchrotron beams owing to the high flux and high spectral resolution of photon sources is at the origin of the main chemical speciation capabilities of synchrotron-based techniques. Among them the full-field X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) imaging technique using hard X-rays is particularly efficient. It allows investigating a significant volume of material with a very good spatial resolution, which is invaluable for ancient material because of their heterogeneity and complexity. After presenting the technique and its variants, we will show its ability to study cultural heritage materials through a few examples.
{"title":"Full-Field Transmission X-ray Microspectroscopy (FF-XANES) Applied to Cultural Heritage Materials: The Case of Ancient Ceramics","authors":"P. Sciau, Tian-xu Wang","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83633","url":null,"abstract":"Synchrotrons provide more and more significant analytical techniques to investigate ancient materials from cultural heritages. New ways to visualize the complex structure of these materials are developed on the basis of elemental, density, and refraction contrasts. The tunability of synchrotron beams owing to the high flux and high spectral resolution of photon sources is at the origin of the main chemical speciation capabilities of synchrotron-based techniques. Among them the full-field X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) imaging technique using hard X-rays is particularly efficient. It allows investigating a significant volume of material with a very good spatial resolution, which is invaluable for ancient material because of their heterogeneity and complexity. After presenting the technique and its variants, we will show its ability to study cultural heritage materials through a few examples.","PeriodicalId":254518,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation - Useful and Interesting Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124356487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-08DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82202
Amardeep Bharti, N. Goyal
Synchrotron radiations are emerging as a real-time probing tool for the wide range of applied sciences. Synchrotron radiations have unique properties because of their high brilliance, collimations, broad energy spectrum, and coherence power that break the limits to characterize the material properties than previous laboratory-based tabletop sources. The third-generation synchrotron light sources are capable of producing 10 12 times higher brilliance than laboratory-based sources using insertion devices. In this chapter, the fundamental aspects of synchrotron radiations and their generation process have been discussed. The effect of insertion devices and the double-crystal monochromator (DCM) toward the X-ray beam optics has been also discussed.
{"title":"Fundamental of Synchrotron Radiations","authors":"Amardeep Bharti, N. Goyal","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82202","url":null,"abstract":"Synchrotron radiations are emerging as a real-time probing tool for the wide range of applied sciences. Synchrotron radiations have unique properties because of their high brilliance, collimations, broad energy spectrum, and coherence power that break the limits to characterize the material properties than previous laboratory-based tabletop sources. The third-generation synchrotron light sources are capable of producing 10 12 times higher brilliance than laboratory-based sources using insertion devices. In this chapter, the fundamental aspects of synchrotron radiations and their generation process have been discussed. The effect of insertion devices and the double-crystal monochromator (DCM) toward the X-ray beam optics has been also discussed.","PeriodicalId":254518,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation - Useful and Interesting Applications","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134497937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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