Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.7765/9781526147547.00009
Torsten Riotte
In 1933, the German lawyer Friedrich Franz König published an essay on medical negligence. He pointed out that the number of negligence cases in Germany had risen to unprecedented heights in recent times. The years 1927–29 had seen an increase of close to 50% of negligence cases, as the insurance statistics demonstrated. König suggested that such a rise was due to the global economic crisis that had hit Germany hard. As a second argument for this growth, König referred to the doctor–patient relationship. He saw patients as increasingly estranged from their doctors and lacking confidence in the representatives of the medical profession. Finally, König claimed that the popularisation of medical sciences had made patients less reluctant to sue doctors. He wrote: ‘The traditional belief in the authority of doctors has vanished.’ Although such arguments seem plausible, it remains to be discussed whether (and to what extent) broader social trends had an impact on the figures of negligence cases. The democratisation of scientific knowledge, and the availability of data and information, as well as the rise in popularity of so-called alternative medicines and hence the contestation of general medical practice, all seem to have encouraged patients to sue doctors more readily for negligence. This chapter discusses medical jurisdiction in Germany as a case study to explain how professional accountability changed during the nineteenth century. It examines the transformation that occurred in medical jurisdiction, in order to discuss how doctors were held
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Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.7765/9781526147547.00024
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.7765/9781526147547.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526147547.00024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265240,"journal":{"name":"Progress and pathology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123862392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.7765/9781526147547.00003
{"title":"List of figures and tables","authors":"","doi":"10.7765/9781526147547.00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526147547.00003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265240,"journal":{"name":"Progress and pathology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131772671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.7765/9781526147547.00016
M. Myllykangas
‘In greater nations, where large numbers of people create complicated social situations, where one can find plenty of riches, a lot of suffering, and high intelligence but also many degenerated individuals, the battle against self-murder can at times seem hopeless, and the onlooker is lead to believe it’s all caused by grim determinism’. This is how the Finnish physician Fredrik Wilhelm Westerlund (1844–1921) summarised the late nineteenth-century suicide discourse in April 1897. Observing the European debate on suicide from the north-eastern corner of Europe, the geographical distance and especially socio-economic remoteness between Finland and the leading countries of modernisation presented Westerlund with a bird’s eye view of the burning question of the connection between suicide and industrialisation, urbanisation, and modern society. Westerlund, like his contemporaries, acknowledged that suicide – the most repugnant of sins for over a thousand years – was a disease brought about by progress, a dark stain that signified a modern society. In this chapter, I explore how suicide as a sign of modernity was interpreted in a country where the material side of modernity – big cities and railroads – were rarely seen by the majority of the population. The relationship between suicide discourse and modernisation has been a recurring subject in the historiography of suicide since at least the 1980s. The historian Howard Kusher has described in his book SelfDestruction in the Promised Land and subsequent articles how ‘the fear of modernity’ was reflected in how suicide was conceptualised in the
“在更大的国家，大量的人造成了复杂的社会状况，人们可以找到很多财富，很多痛苦，高智商，但也有很多堕落的人，与自杀的斗争有时看起来毫无希望，旁观者被引导相信这一切都是由严酷的决定论造成的。”1897年4月，芬兰医生弗雷德里克·威廉·韦斯特伦德(Fredrik Wilhelm Westerlund, 1844-1921)总结了19世纪晚期关于自杀的论述。韦斯特伦德从欧洲东北角观察欧洲关于自杀的辩论，芬兰与现代化领先国家之间的地理距离，特别是社会经济上的遥远，使他对自杀与工业化、城市化和现代社会之间的联系这一紧迫问题有了一个鸟瞰图。韦斯特伦德和他同时代的人一样，承认自杀——一千多年来最令人厌恶的罪恶——是一种进步带来的疾病，是现代社会的一个黑暗污点。在这一章中，我探讨了在一个大多数人很少看到现代性的物质方面——大城市和铁路——的国家，自杀作为现代性的标志是如何被解释的。至少自20世纪80年代以来，自杀话语与现代化之间的关系一直是自杀史学中反复出现的主题。历史学家霍华德·库什尔在他的书《应许之地的自我毁灭》和随后的文章中描述了“对现代性的恐惧”如何反映在自杀的概念上
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