Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1093/actrade/9780198869290.003.0006
J. Slack
‘Therapy using tissue-specific stem cells’ begins with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which is considered the most important type of stem cell therapy. HSCT covers the transplantation of bone marrow and other types of transplant where the blood-forming stem cells of the graft come from non-marrow sources. It is used mostly for the treatment of leukaemias and lymphomas. Some genetic diseases of the blood have also been successfully treated using allogeneic HSCT. There are also other examples of cell therapy using tissue-specific stem cells, such as epidermal cells for the treatment of burns and limbal (corneal) stem cells for treatment of eye injuries.
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Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1093/actrade/9780198869290.003.0007
J. Slack
‘Expectations: realistic and unrealistic’ contemplates the goal of biomedical sciences to regenerate missing structures and to cure heart failure, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The hype and controversy of human embryonic stem (ES) cells led the proponents of stem cell research to promise very rapid development of very radical cures. In reality progress will be slow. There are a number of lessons that we can learn from the development of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which is one of the major applications of stem cell therapy in clinical practice.
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Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1093/actrade/9780198869290.003.0004
J. Slack
‘Therapy using pluripotent stem cells’ examines some of the diseases that have been the first to be treated by cell therapy using pluripotent stem cells as the source material. Proposed cell therapies involve making the required differentiated cells in vitro and then implanting them into the appropriate site in the patient. The biggest success story so far is the treatment of the retina for a condition called age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Diabetes is one of the top targets for cell therapy based on pluripotent stem cells, building on an existing form of cell therapy called islet transplantation.
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Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.1093/ACTRADE/9780199603381.003.0005
J. Slack
‘Tissue-specific stem cells’ explores tissue-specific stem cells, which are stem cells found in the postnatal body that are responsible for tissue renewal or for repair following damage. Tissue-specific stem cells share with pluripotent stem cells the same ability to persist indefinitely as a population, to reproduce themselves, and to generate differentiated progeny cells. However, tissue-specific stem cells share few molecular characteristics with embryonic stem (ES) cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), such as expression of specific transcription factors or cell surface molecules. Only renewal tissues have stem cells in the sense of a special population of cells that reproduce themselves and continue to generate differentiated progeny.
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