Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.04
Eugeniusz Tomczak, A. Szczepanek, P. Jarosz
The cemetery in Gogolin is one of the flat cemeteries with a biritual funeral rite typical for the Upper Silesian-Lesser Poland group of the Lusatian culture. In the north and south-west range of this group, the Częstochowa-Gliwice subgroup was distinguished. In the classic stage of this subgroup, i.e. at the end of the Bronze Age and at the beginning of the Hallstatt period, a distinctive feature of the funeral rites is the prevalence of cemeteries with more inhumations than cremations. The necropolis in Gogolin is the most southwestern site of this subgroup. Inhumation burials dominate at most biritual cemeteries, although there are also some where cremation graves prevail. It is worth emphasising the peripheral location of the cemetery within the Upper Silesian-Lesser Poland group, because the communities from the western bank of Oder river, representing the Silesian group of the Lusatian culture, practiced cremation burial rite exclusively. At the analysed necropolis 71 graves were examined, including 38 inhumation and 29 cremation burials. The cremation graves varied from simple, small pits with concentrations of bones suggesting their original placement in an organic container, to graves imitating inhumation burials in respect of the grave pit size and furnishing. In three cases, the type of burial rite could not be established because the burials were almost completely destroyed.
{"title":"Planigrafia cmentarzyska i elementy obrządku pogrzebowego / The arrangement of graves and elements of the funeral rite","authors":"Eugeniusz Tomczak, A. Szczepanek, P. Jarosz","doi":"10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.04","url":null,"abstract":"The cemetery in Gogolin is one of the flat cemeteries with a biritual funeral rite typical for the Upper Silesian-Lesser Poland group of the Lusatian culture. In the north and south-west range of this group, the Częstochowa-Gliwice subgroup was distinguished. In the classic stage of this subgroup, i.e. at the end of the Bronze Age and at the beginning of the Hallstatt period, a distinctive feature of the funeral rites is the prevalence of cemeteries with more inhumations than cremations. The necropolis in Gogolin is the most southwestern site of this subgroup. Inhumation burials dominate at most biritual cemeteries, although there are also some where cremation graves prevail. It is worth emphasising the peripheral location of the cemetery within the Upper Silesian-Lesser Poland group, because the communities from the western bank of Oder river, representing the Silesian group of the Lusatian culture, practiced cremation burial rite exclusively. At the analysed necropolis 71 graves were examined, including 38 inhumation and 29 cremation burials. The cremation graves varied from simple, small pits with concentrations of bones suggesting their original placement in an organic container, to graves imitating inhumation burials in respect of the grave pit size and furnishing. In three cases, the type of burial rite could not be established because the burials were almost completely destroyed.","PeriodicalId":267584,"journal":{"name":"Gogolin-Strzebniów, stanowisko 12. Cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej na Wyżynie Śląskiej","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122599246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.02
Eugeniusz Tomczak, A. Szczepanek, P. Jarosz
Detailed description of 71 graves and their furnishings.
71座坟墓及其家具的详细描述。
{"title":"Opis grobów i zabytków / Description of graves and artefacts","authors":"Eugeniusz Tomczak, A. Szczepanek, P. Jarosz","doi":"10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.02","url":null,"abstract":"Detailed description of 71 graves and their furnishings.","PeriodicalId":267584,"journal":{"name":"Gogolin-Strzebniów, stanowisko 12. Cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej na Wyżynie Śląskiej","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133987257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.11
A. Garbacz-Klempka, K. Dzięgielewski
A unique set of one- and two-piece casting moulds was found in a cremation burial (grave no. 24) discovered in a Late Bronze Age (900–800 BC) biritual cemetery of the Lusatian Culture in Gogolin-Strzebniów (Silesia), on the basis of which this grave was considered to be the burial of a bronze foundryman. Four two-piece moulds (two ceramic and two stone) and one ceramic one-piece mould were subjected to microscopic observations and spectral studies in order to identify potential traces of use, especially use in the production of casts. The results of the macroscopic observations and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) studies indicated that all of the moulds examined were used according to their function, i.e. for the production of copper alloy casts, before being deposited in the grave. The presence of metallic elements was higher in the stone moulds than in the ceramic ones, which is due to the nature of the material and its resistance to the influence of high temperature and physico-chemical factors. It was possible to identify specimens that were probably used longer (mould for sickles and rods – no. 97) or shorter (mould for rods – no. 24-7) before being deposited in the ground. This supports the hypothesis that a functional casting workshop instrumentarium was deposited in the grave inventory, rather than a set of moulds made specifically for funerary purposes. Interesting is the finding of a one-piece ceramic mould for rods (length ca. 13.5 cm), which were poured after setting the mould at an angle of 30–45 degrees. It confirms the local casting of bronze rods as semi-products for further distribution among the communities of the Lusatian culture in the Oder region.
{"title":"Identyfikacja śladów użytkowania kamiennych i ceramicznych form odlewniczych z późnej epoki brązu / Identification of traces of use on Late Bronze Age stone and ceramic casting moulds","authors":"A. Garbacz-Klempka, K. Dzięgielewski","doi":"10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.11","url":null,"abstract":"A unique set of one- and two-piece casting moulds was found in a cremation burial (grave no. 24) discovered in a Late Bronze Age (900–800 BC) biritual cemetery of the Lusatian Culture in Gogolin-Strzebniów (Silesia), on the basis of which this grave was considered to be the burial of a bronze foundryman. Four two-piece moulds (two ceramic and two stone) and one ceramic one-piece mould were subjected to microscopic observations and spectral studies in order to identify potential traces of use, especially use in the production of casts. The results of the macroscopic observations and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) studies indicated that all of the moulds examined were used according to their function, i.e. for the production of copper alloy casts, before being deposited in the grave. The presence of metallic elements was higher in the stone moulds than in the ceramic ones, which is due to the nature of the material and its resistance to the influence of high temperature and physico-chemical factors. It was possible to identify specimens that were probably used longer (mould for sickles and rods – no. 97) or shorter (mould for rods – no. 24-7) before being deposited in the ground. This supports the hypothesis that a functional casting workshop instrumentarium was deposited in the grave inventory, rather than a set of moulds made specifically for funerary purposes. Interesting is the finding of a one-piece ceramic mould for rods (length ca. 13.5 cm), which were poured after setting the mould at an angle of 30–45 degrees. It confirms the local casting of bronze rods as semi-products for further distribution among the communities of the Lusatian culture in the Oder region.","PeriodicalId":267584,"journal":{"name":"Gogolin-Strzebniów, stanowisko 12. Cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej na Wyżynie Śląskiej","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122217719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.05
Eugeniusz Tomczak, A. Szczepanek, P. Jarosz
The cemetery of the Lusatian culture in Gogolin belongs to typical cemeteries of the Częstochowa-Gliwice subgroup of the Upper Silesia and Lesser Poland group dated to the end of the Bronze Age. It was probably established at the beginning of the HaB2–B3 period, so at times when quite a lot of cemeteries were established, some of which were still in use during the Hallstatt C period. The inhabitants of the Upper Silesian-Lesser Poland group maintained contacts with communities living in the area to the west of the Oder river, which are described as the Silesian group of the Lusatian culture. The influences of the Głubczyce subgroup of the Silesian group are particularly evident, which is manifested by numerous analogies in the sets of vessels and their decoration typical for areas on the left bank of the Oder. The relative chronology was verified by radiocarbon dating of bone samples from 4 graves. Calibration of the obtained dates allows dating the necropolis to the end of Period IV and Period V (HaB1-B3), with the time of its use narrowed down to the 10th century BC and the first half of the 9th century BC. The comparable age of the samples obtained from burnt and unburnt bones excludes the influence of cremation on the sample aging, defined as the “old wood effect”, i.e. the influence of carbon from the cremation pyre. Summing up, it can be underlined that the population buried at the cemetery constitutes the westernmost branch of the Upper Silesia-Lesser Poland group, practising a bi-ritual form of burial rite and penetrating the Silesian Upland quite early. The community using this cemetery probably lived in a close vicinity. This is confirmed by analyses of strontium isotopes in samples of burnt bones or tooth enamel of selected deceased, which indicate their local origin in most cases. These people maintained relations with other communities inhabiting the areas located both to the east and west of the Oder valley in the Gogolin region. This is evidenced not only by the equipment of graves and the form of burial, but also by the presence of a non-local individual buried in grave 63, as was demonstrated by strontium isotope analysis. This female spent her childhood in the areas north or west of the Gogolin region. However, she was fully incorporated into the local community, as evidenced by the form of burial (inhumation grave) and typical grave goods. This is only a single signal, but it may indicate that funeral rituals were of local nature and did not emphasised foreign origin of individuals. The verification of such suggestions will be carried out by isotope studies of larger series from various cemeteries.
{"title":"Chronologia / Chronology","authors":"Eugeniusz Tomczak, A. Szczepanek, P. Jarosz","doi":"10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.05","url":null,"abstract":"The cemetery of the Lusatian culture in Gogolin belongs to typical cemeteries of the Częstochowa-Gliwice subgroup of the Upper Silesia and Lesser Poland group dated to the end of the Bronze Age. It was probably established at the beginning of the HaB2–B3 period, so at times when quite a lot of cemeteries were established, some of which were still in use during the Hallstatt C period. The inhabitants of the Upper Silesian-Lesser Poland group maintained contacts with communities living in the area to the west of the Oder river, which are described as the Silesian group of the Lusatian culture. The influences of the Głubczyce subgroup of the Silesian group are particularly evident, which is manifested by numerous analogies in the sets of vessels and their decoration typical for areas on the left bank of the Oder. The relative chronology was verified by radiocarbon dating of bone samples from 4 graves. Calibration of the obtained dates allows dating the necropolis to the end of Period IV and Period V (HaB1-B3), with the time of its use narrowed down to the 10th century BC and the first half of the 9th century BC. The comparable age of the samples obtained from burnt and unburnt bones excludes the influence of cremation on the sample aging, defined as the “old wood effect”, i.e. the influence of carbon from the cremation pyre. Summing up, it can be underlined that the population buried at the cemetery constitutes the westernmost branch of the Upper Silesia-Lesser Poland group, practising a bi-ritual form of burial rite and penetrating the Silesian Upland quite early. The community using this cemetery probably lived in a close vicinity. This is confirmed by analyses of strontium isotopes in samples of burnt bones or tooth enamel of selected deceased, which indicate their local origin in most cases. These people maintained relations with other communities inhabiting the areas located both to the east and west of the Oder valley in the Gogolin region. This is evidenced not only by the equipment of graves and the form of burial, but also by the presence of a non-local individual buried in grave 63, as was demonstrated by strontium isotope analysis. This female spent her childhood in the areas north or west of the Gogolin region. However, she was fully incorporated into the local community, as evidenced by the form of burial (inhumation grave) and typical grave goods. This is only a single signal, but it may indicate that funeral rituals were of local nature and did not emphasised foreign origin of individuals. The verification of such suggestions will be carried out by isotope studies of larger series from various cemeteries.","PeriodicalId":267584,"journal":{"name":"Gogolin-Strzebniów, stanowisko 12. Cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej na Wyżynie Śląskiej","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126879065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.01
Eugeniusz Tomczak, A. Szczepanek, P. Jarosz
Excavations at the site were conducted in 1972 by E. Tomczak, and were financed by the Provincial Conservator of Heritage in Opole. The total excavated area was approximately 435 m2. Publication of the results and the isotopic analyses were financed by the National Institute of Cultural Heritage project No. 17700/20 entitled “Bi-ritual cemetery of the Lusatian culture in Gogolin in the Silesian Upland. Interdisciplinary research perspectives”. The site is located within the Chełm mesoregion, which is the westernmost part of the Silesian Upland. It is covered with Quaternary sediments in the form of clay and sand. The cemetery is located about 4 km east of the Oder River, at the northern slope of a small hump. In 1972, this area administratively belonged to Strzebniów, but soon after it became part of Gogolin.
{"title":"Wstęp / Introduction","authors":"Eugeniusz Tomczak, A. Szczepanek, P. Jarosz","doi":"10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.01","url":null,"abstract":"Excavations at the site were conducted in 1972 by E. Tomczak, and were financed by the Provincial Conservator of Heritage in Opole. The total excavated area was approximately 435 m2. Publication of the results and the isotopic analyses were financed by the National Institute of Cultural Heritage project No. 17700/20 entitled “Bi-ritual cemetery of the Lusatian culture in Gogolin in the Silesian Upland. Interdisciplinary research perspectives”. The site is located within the Chełm mesoregion, which is the westernmost part of the Silesian Upland. It is covered with Quaternary sediments in the form of clay and sand. The cemetery is located about 4 km east of the Oder River, at the northern slope of a small hump. In 1972, this area administratively belonged to Strzebniów, but soon after it became part of Gogolin.","PeriodicalId":267584,"journal":{"name":"Gogolin-Strzebniów, stanowisko 12. Cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej na Wyżynie Śląskiej","volume":"18 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120837386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.03
Eugeniusz Tomczak, A. Szczepanek, P. Jarosz
The furnishings of the burials consisted mainly of ceramic vessels and relatively few bronze artefacts. According to the shapes of vessels, the following types were distinguished: vases, pots, bowls, cups, mugs and goblets. All of them were hand-made and represent two groups – thick-walled and thin-walled forms. Only a few metal artefacts were found at the cemetery in Gogolin, all of them being made of copper alloys. Moulds were found in grave 24. They are made of sandstone or clay, indicating considerable skills of the craftsman.
{"title":"Analiza zabytków / Analysis of grave inventories","authors":"Eugeniusz Tomczak, A. Szczepanek, P. Jarosz","doi":"10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.03","url":null,"abstract":"The furnishings of the burials consisted mainly of ceramic vessels and relatively few bronze artefacts. According to the shapes of vessels, the following types were distinguished: vases, pots, bowls, cups, mugs and goblets. All of them were hand-made and represent two groups – thick-walled and thin-walled forms. Only a few metal artefacts were found at the cemetery in Gogolin, all of them being made of copper alloys. Moulds were found in grave 24. They are made of sandstone or clay, indicating considerable skills of the craftsman.","PeriodicalId":267584,"journal":{"name":"Gogolin-Strzebniów, stanowisko 12. Cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej na Wyżynie Śląskiej","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123292245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.08
A. Szczepanek
The anthropological analysis was conducted for human remains found at the bi-ritual cemetery of the Upper Silesian-Lesser Poland group of the Lusatian culture in Gogolin-Strzebniów. Osteological materials were discovered in 29 cremation graves and 3 inhumation burials, and remains of 38 individuals were identified. Whenever it was possible, the age and sex of the buried were estimated. The degree of bone burning and the weight of cremated bones from one grave were also determined. Most of the graves were single burials, four contained remains of two individuals and in one grave three individuals were buried. Burials of adults of Maturus age (35–50 years) dominated at the cemetery and these were mostly male individuals. The lower share of female graves may result from the fragmentary examination of the cemetery, but may also ofreflect sex-related differences in the burial rite. At the analysed cemetery a similar number of children aged Infans I (0–6 years) and Infans II (7–14 years) was identified. Usually, at prehistoric necropolises, the burials of younger children dominate. The equal share of these two age categories is sometimes noted at epidemic cemeteries, but in Gogolin it more likely stems from the prevalence of inhumation graves at the cemetery, in which human remains have not survived. Children, both Infans I and Infans II, were buried in single graves or in double burials with adults. All human remains were heavily, evenly burned, the bones were cream-beige in colour, which indicates that the bone temperature was above 800°C, i.e. the temperature in the pyre was 1000–1200°C. The average weight of the burnt bones was 414 g, with significant variations from grave to grave differentiated. The mass of bones from the graves containing the remains of males exceeded the values obtained for female burials. There are also differences in mean and maximum values between younger and older children age classes, which could be explained by the size of the skeleton. The obtained data demonstrate that at the analysed cemetery, as at other contemporary sepulchral sites, only part of human remains were placed in the graves, which probably was an effect of the applied funeral rite. Anthropological investigations allowed for the observation of the distribution of burials at the cemetery. The obtained planigraphic information indicates that there are no provinces grouping individuals of similar age or the same sex.
{"title":"Analiza antropologiczna szczątków ludzkich z cmentarzyska z późnej epoki brązu / Anthropological analysis of human remains from the Late Bronze Age cemetery","authors":"A. Szczepanek","doi":"10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.08","url":null,"abstract":"The anthropological analysis was conducted for human remains found at the bi-ritual cemetery of the Upper Silesian-Lesser Poland group of the Lusatian culture in Gogolin-Strzebniów. Osteological materials were discovered in 29 cremation graves and 3 inhumation burials, and remains of 38 individuals were identified. Whenever it was possible, the age and sex of the buried were estimated. The degree of bone burning and the weight of cremated bones from one grave were also determined. Most of the graves were single burials, four contained remains of two individuals and in one grave three individuals were buried. Burials of adults of Maturus age (35–50 years) dominated at the cemetery and these were mostly male individuals. The lower share of female graves may result from the fragmentary examination of the cemetery, but may also ofreflect sex-related differences in the burial rite. At the analysed cemetery a similar number of children aged Infans I (0–6 years) and Infans II (7–14 years) was identified. Usually, at prehistoric necropolises, the burials of younger children dominate. The equal share of these two age categories is sometimes noted at epidemic cemeteries, but in Gogolin it more likely stems from the prevalence of inhumation graves at the cemetery, in which human remains have not survived. Children, both Infans I and Infans II, were buried in single graves or in double burials with adults. All human remains were heavily, evenly burned, the bones were cream-beige in colour, which indicates that the bone temperature was above 800°C, i.e. the temperature in the pyre was 1000–1200°C. The average weight of the burnt bones was 414 g, with significant variations from grave to grave differentiated. The mass of bones from the graves containing the remains of males exceeded the values obtained for female burials. There are also differences in mean and maximum values between younger and older children age classes, which could be explained by the size of the skeleton. The obtained data demonstrate that at the analysed cemetery, as at other contemporary sepulchral sites, only part of human remains were placed in the graves, which probably was an effect of the applied funeral rite. Anthropological investigations allowed for the observation of the distribution of burials at the cemetery. The obtained planigraphic information indicates that there are no provinces grouping individuals of similar age or the same sex.","PeriodicalId":267584,"journal":{"name":"Gogolin-Strzebniów, stanowisko 12. Cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej na Wyżynie Śląskiej","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134240356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.09
A. Szczepanek, P. Jarosz
For the analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, three samples were taken: two from human bones and one from an animal bone. The values of δ13C measured in human remains were similar and range from -14.3‰ to -14‰, and δ15N from 7.8‰ to 8.1‰. For animal bones, these values were much lower, with δ13C at -20.9‰, and δ15N at 5.8‰. The obtained data clearly indicate a significant share of millet (C4 plant) in the diet of the people buried at the cemetery in Gogolin. For the Lusatian culture communities, the consumption of millet has been determined in isotopic studies of other necropolies, such as Kraków-Wyciąże, site 5, but δ13C values obtained for individuals buried there were lower and ranged from -17.8‰ to -17.6‰. The presence of millet in the materials of the Lusatian culture has also been directly confirmed by preserved plant remains and grain imprints on clay vessels. The fact that the δ15N values acquired for humans were only slightly higher than the value obtained for the analysed cattle bone proves that the diet of the Gogolin population was based mainly on plant products and was supplemented with animal protein only to a small degree. Such a composition of the consumed food is typical of a settled population with a dominance of land cultivation in subsistent strategy, and at the same time reflects the type of economy postulated for the Lusatian culture communities. Consequently, the diet of the individuals buried at the cemetery in Gogolin clearly differs from the diet of a mobile, pastoral community.
{"title":"Paleodieta osób pochowanych w grobach szkieletowych z późnej epoki brązu – wybrane przykłady / Paleodiet of individuals buried in inhumation graves at the Late Bronze Age cemetery – selected cases","authors":"A. Szczepanek, P. Jarosz","doi":"10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33547/oda-sah.11.gog.09","url":null,"abstract":"For the analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, three samples were taken: two from human bones and one from an animal bone. The values of δ13C measured in human remains were similar and range from -14.3‰ to -14‰, and δ15N from 7.8‰ to 8.1‰. For animal bones, these values were much lower, with δ13C at -20.9‰, and δ15N at 5.8‰. The obtained data clearly indicate a significant share of millet (C4 plant) in the diet of the people buried at the cemetery in Gogolin. For the Lusatian culture communities, the consumption of millet has been determined in isotopic studies of other necropolies, such as Kraków-Wyciąże, site 5, but δ13C values obtained for individuals buried there were lower and ranged from -17.8‰ to -17.6‰. The presence of millet in the materials of the Lusatian culture has also been directly confirmed by preserved plant remains and grain imprints on clay vessels. The fact that the δ15N values acquired for humans were only slightly higher than the value obtained for the analysed cattle bone proves that the diet of the Gogolin population was based mainly on plant products and was supplemented with animal protein only to a small degree. Such a composition of the consumed food is typical of a settled population with a dominance of land cultivation in subsistent strategy, and at the same time reflects the type of economy postulated for the Lusatian culture communities. Consequently, the diet of the individuals buried at the cemetery in Gogolin clearly differs from the diet of a mobile, pastoral community.","PeriodicalId":267584,"journal":{"name":"Gogolin-Strzebniów, stanowisko 12. Cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej na Wyżynie Śląskiej","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125606626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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