Pub Date : 2018-12-06DOI: 10.1017/9781108654609.002
M. Keshavarz, T. Klapötke
Since the synthesis and development of new energetic materials require the identification of promising candidates for additional study and the elimination of unsuitable candidates from further consideration, it is important for engineers, scientists, and industry to be able to predict the performance of new compounds in order to reduce the costs associated with the synthesis, testing, and evaluation of these materials. Nowadays different approaches have been used to predict the performance of energetic compounds which have proven to be cost-effective, environmentally-friendly, and time-saving approaches. This book reviews different methods for the assessment of the performance of an energetic compound through its heat of detonation, detonation pressure, detonation velocity, detonation temperature, Gurney energy, and power (strength). It also focuses on the detonation pressure and detonation velocity of nonideal aluminized energetic compounds. Simple and reliable methods are demonstrated in detail which can be easily used for the design, synthesis, and development of novel energetic compounds.
{"title":"Preface to the First Edition","authors":"M. Keshavarz, T. Klapötke","doi":"10.1017/9781108654609.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108654609.002","url":null,"abstract":"Since the synthesis and development of new energetic materials require the identification of promising candidates for additional study and the elimination of unsuitable candidates from further consideration, it is important for engineers, scientists, and industry to be able to predict the performance of new compounds in order to reduce the costs associated with the synthesis, testing, and evaluation of these materials. Nowadays different approaches have been used to predict the performance of energetic compounds which have proven to be cost-effective, environmentally-friendly, and time-saving approaches. This book reviews different methods for the assessment of the performance of an energetic compound through its heat of detonation, detonation pressure, detonation velocity, detonation temperature, Gurney energy, and power (strength). It also focuses on the detonation pressure and detonation velocity of nonideal aluminized energetic compounds. Simple and reliable methods are demonstrated in detail which can be easily used for the design, synthesis, and development of novel energetic compounds.","PeriodicalId":269497,"journal":{"name":"A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126326761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-06DOI: 10.1017/9781108654609.007
{"title":"Microstructures of Deformed Rocks","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108654609.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108654609.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":269497,"journal":{"name":"A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128592967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-06DOI: 10.1017/9781108654609.009
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108654609.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108654609.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":269497,"journal":{"name":"A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124714708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-06DOI: 10.1017/9781108654609.004
{"title":"Microstructures of Sedimentary Rocks","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108654609.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108654609.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":269497,"journal":{"name":"A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130692161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-06DOI: 10.1017/9781108654609.008
{"title":"Glossary of Microstructural and Other Terms","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108654609.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108654609.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":269497,"journal":{"name":"A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132294683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-10-01DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511807206.004
R. Vernon
Introduction This chapter is concerned with the shapes of crystals and aggregates formed when melted rocks and glass crystallize, solid rocks melt, and melts boil. These processes are broadly grouped together as ‘magmatic (igneous) processes’. As discussed in introductory geology courses, partial melting of solid rock to form magm a occurs in Earth's mantle, producing mainly mafic (basaltic, silicapoor) magma, and also in the deeper parts of Earth's crust, producing mainly felsic (granitic, silica-rich) magma. Magma may reach the surface as volcanic rocks or solidify in the crust as intrusive rocks. Magma bodies may encounter other magma bodies and mix or mingle with them. Microstructures may preserve evidence of these and other processes, such as magmatic flow and conditions of crystallization, and in this chapter I present this evidence and discuss its reliability. When a liquid becomes supersaturated with a dissolved chemical component (i.e. the dissolved component reaches a concentration atwhich the liquid can hold no more of the component in solution), a new phase theoretically is produced. A phase is a chemically and physically homogeneous part of a system (e.g. a body of magma) that is bound by an interface with other phases (e.g. the melt phase and other crystal phases in a magma).
{"title":"Microstructures of Igneous Rocks","authors":"R. Vernon","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511807206.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807206.004","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction This chapter is concerned with the shapes of crystals and aggregates formed when melted rocks and glass crystallize, solid rocks melt, and melts boil. These processes are broadly grouped together as ‘magmatic (igneous) processes’. As discussed in introductory geology courses, partial melting of solid rock to form magm a occurs in Earth's mantle, producing mainly mafic (basaltic, silicapoor) magma, and also in the deeper parts of Earth's crust, producing mainly felsic (granitic, silica-rich) magma. Magma may reach the surface as volcanic rocks or solidify in the crust as intrusive rocks. Magma bodies may encounter other magma bodies and mix or mingle with them. Microstructures may preserve evidence of these and other processes, such as magmatic flow and conditions of crystallization, and in this chapter I present this evidence and discuss its reliability. When a liquid becomes supersaturated with a dissolved chemical component (i.e. the dissolved component reaches a concentration atwhich the liquid can hold no more of the component in solution), a new phase theoretically is produced. A phase is a chemically and physically homogeneous part of a system (e.g. a body of magma) that is bound by an interface with other phases (e.g. the melt phase and other crystal phases in a magma).","PeriodicalId":269497,"journal":{"name":"A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117082912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-10-01DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511807206.005
R. Vernon
Introduction Once you have seen what the microstructures of sedimentary and igneous rocks look like, you are in a good position to appreciate what happens to them when they are heated (Chapter 4) and deformed (Chapter 5) in Earth's crust. These processes can greatly alter the microstructure, producing no less beautiful, but very different grain and crystal shapes. Moreover, during heating, new minerals are produced. This chapter is concerned with microstructures formed in the solid state, mainly as a result of metamorphism, but also discusses exsolution, which, though a solid-state process and so appropriate to this chapter in that sense, also occurs during the slow cooling of minerals in igneous rocks The microstructure of a metamorphic rock is the end-product of a complex history that may involve sequences of complicated chemical reactions, and commonly also repeated deformation events. Although microscopic evidence is used to infer the metamorphic or deformation history, we should be careful not to try to extract too much information from it, and should remain aware of complexity and possible alternative interpretations. Evidence for metamorphism How do we know that rocks remain solid during metamorphism in Earth's crust? The evidence consists of residual sedimentary and igneous structures (Section 4.15), such as phenocrysts and amygdales (filled gas bubbles; Section 3.14.2) in metavolcanic rocks, fragmental grain shapes in metasandstones, distorted pebbles in metaconglomerates, and, less commonly, fossils replaced by metamorphic minerals.
{"title":"Microstructures of Metamorphic Rocks","authors":"R. Vernon","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511807206.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807206.005","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Once you have seen what the microstructures of sedimentary and igneous rocks look like, you are in a good position to appreciate what happens to them when they are heated (Chapter 4) and deformed (Chapter 5) in Earth's crust. These processes can greatly alter the microstructure, producing no less beautiful, but very different grain and crystal shapes. Moreover, during heating, new minerals are produced. This chapter is concerned with microstructures formed in the solid state, mainly as a result of metamorphism, but also discusses exsolution, which, though a solid-state process and so appropriate to this chapter in that sense, also occurs during the slow cooling of minerals in igneous rocks The microstructure of a metamorphic rock is the end-product of a complex history that may involve sequences of complicated chemical reactions, and commonly also repeated deformation events. Although microscopic evidence is used to infer the metamorphic or deformation history, we should be careful not to try to extract too much information from it, and should remain aware of complexity and possible alternative interpretations. Evidence for metamorphism How do we know that rocks remain solid during metamorphism in Earth's crust? The evidence consists of residual sedimentary and igneous structures (Section 4.15), such as phenocrysts and amygdales (filled gas bubbles; Section 3.14.2) in metavolcanic rocks, fragmental grain shapes in metasandstones, distorted pebbles in metaconglomerates, and, less commonly, fossils replaced by metamorphic minerals.","PeriodicalId":269497,"journal":{"name":"A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133218735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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