Pub Date : 2019-02-06DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80918
Regina V. Guarnieri, O. Bueno, I. S. S. Tudesco
Some recent studies have explored the false memory and its mechanisms. True memories depend on draw in the past, retrieve of the information, remember past events plus recombine (reorganize) them with new information to finally re-encode these elements creating a new memory. But, sometimes failures in this system lead to memory errors collaborating to false memory formation. This chapter will address new neuropsychological tools to evaluate true and false memory performance. Some neuropharmacological aspects as possible mechanisms of agonist and antagonist modulation of false memory will be discussed.
{"title":"True and False Memories: Neuropsychological and Neuropharmacological Approaches","authors":"Regina V. Guarnieri, O. Bueno, I. S. S. Tudesco","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80918","url":null,"abstract":"Some recent studies have explored the false memory and its mechanisms. True memories depend on draw in the past, retrieve of the information, remember past events plus recombine (reorganize) them with new information to finally re-encode these elements creating a new memory. But, sometimes failures in this system lead to memory errors collaborating to false memory formation. This chapter will address new neuropsychological tools to evaluate true and false memory performance. Some neuropharmacological aspects as possible mechanisms of agonist and antagonist modulation of false memory will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":273624,"journal":{"name":"Eat, Learn, Remember","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122736454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82365
A. S. Artis
Is act of thinking simply enough to prove existence? At the age of artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual (VR) while talking about machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and Internet of Things (IoT), it is not easy to answer that. What should be the proof that it is not a robot but a human being? Can it be the consciousness, being conscious of self-thoughts? According to Amit Goswami, consciousness is the ground of being. It is the continuing stream of awareness of surroundings or sequential thoughts, the highest state of awareness anyone can attain. It helps us learn and adapt to changing circumstances far more rapidly and effectively. On the other hand, the key to consciousness is the memory. Newly discovered neuronal rosehip cells might be the exact answer to the question by time [1]. Rosehip cells might be helping us to form memories, the building blocks of our existence.
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Eat, Learn, Remember","authors":"A. S. Artis","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82365","url":null,"abstract":"Is act of thinking simply enough to prove existence? At the age of artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual (VR) while talking about machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and Internet of Things (IoT), it is not easy to answer that. What should be the proof that it is not a robot but a human being? Can it be the consciousness, being conscious of self-thoughts? According to Amit Goswami, consciousness is the ground of being. It is the continuing stream of awareness of surroundings or sequential thoughts, the highest state of awareness anyone can attain. It helps us learn and adapt to changing circumstances far more rapidly and effectively. On the other hand, the key to consciousness is the memory. Newly discovered neuronal rosehip cells might be the exact answer to the question by time [1]. Rosehip cells might be helping us to form memories, the building blocks of our existence.","PeriodicalId":273624,"journal":{"name":"Eat, Learn, Remember","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123101953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79893
M. Tine, S. Lenihan, Clara Batchelder
Spatial memory is recruited during many classroom-based activities. As such, it is essen- tial for both educators and students to understand how it operates in a classroom context. This chapter begins by providing a systematic overview of how spatial memory is used across a variety of academic domains including math, language arts, and science. It also reviews some of the typical characteristics of students who have relatively poor spatial memory abilities. Finally, it discusses how to best provide efficacious classroom support for these students. Taken together, it provides an accessible overview of the educational implications of spatial memory that educators and students can consider when trying to optimize learning in their classrooms.
{"title":"Educational Implications of Spatial Memory","authors":"M. Tine, S. Lenihan, Clara Batchelder","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79893","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial memory is recruited during many classroom-based activities. As such, it is essen- tial for both educators and students to understand how it operates in a classroom context. This chapter begins by providing a systematic overview of how spatial memory is used across a variety of academic domains including math, language arts, and science. It also reviews some of the typical characteristics of students who have relatively poor spatial memory abilities. Finally, it discusses how to best provide efficacious classroom support for these students. Taken together, it provides an accessible overview of the educational implications of spatial memory that educators and students can consider when trying to optimize learning in their classrooms.","PeriodicalId":273624,"journal":{"name":"Eat, Learn, Remember","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127519627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79493
G. Ortiz, Luis H. de, J. A. Cruz-Serrano, E. Torres-Sánchez, M. A. Mora-Navarro, D. Lara, I. G. Ortiz-Velázquez, H. González-Usigli, O. Bitzer-Quintero, Mario Mireles ‐ Ramírez
It has recently been discovered that the digestive tract is lined with about 100 million nerve cells; the digestive tract has been baptized, metaphorically speaking, as “the second brain,” which contains a multitude of neurotransmitters, viruses, and bacteria that help regulate our emotional state. This second brain, known as the enteric nervous system, is a unique anatomical unit that extends from the esophagus to the anus. Like the nervous system, it produces a whole series of psychoactive substances, such as serotonin, dopamine, and opioids for pain, and synthesizes benzodiazepines. In it, we find the microbiota: a set of microorganisms (viruses and bacteria). Together with the brain, the microbiota directly influences mood, character, or sleep. Knowledge about the possible relationship of the microbiota with frequent neurological diseases is still just beginning. Recently, possible changes in the microbiota have been linked to the onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Also, today, we know that there are differences between the microbiota of healthy people and people with multiple sclerosis and that these differences have also been related to the disease and its evolution.
{"title":"Gut-Brain Axis: Role of Microbiota in Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"G. Ortiz, Luis H. de, J. A. Cruz-Serrano, E. Torres-Sánchez, M. A. Mora-Navarro, D. Lara, I. G. Ortiz-Velázquez, H. González-Usigli, O. Bitzer-Quintero, Mario Mireles ‐ Ramírez","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79493","url":null,"abstract":"It has recently been discovered that the digestive tract is lined with about 100 million nerve cells; the digestive tract has been baptized, metaphorically speaking, as “the second brain,” which contains a multitude of neurotransmitters, viruses, and bacteria that help regulate our emotional state. This second brain, known as the enteric nervous system, is a unique anatomical unit that extends from the esophagus to the anus. Like the nervous system, it produces a whole series of psychoactive substances, such as serotonin, dopamine, and opioids for pain, and synthesizes benzodiazepines. In it, we find the microbiota: a set of microorganisms (viruses and bacteria). Together with the brain, the microbiota directly influences mood, character, or sleep. Knowledge about the possible relationship of the microbiota with frequent neurological diseases is still just beginning. Recently, possible changes in the microbiota have been linked to the onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Also, today, we know that there are differences between the microbiota of healthy people and people with multiple sclerosis and that these differences have also been related to the disease and its evolution.","PeriodicalId":273624,"journal":{"name":"Eat, Learn, Remember","volume":"34 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124973778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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