The purposes of the research were to know the influences of crop organic matters to diversity of soil mesofauna and macrofauna under paraserianthes’stand (Paraserianthes falcataria), rate of organic matters decomposition, as well as the relationship between the rate of organic matters decomposition and diversity of soil mesofauna and macrofauna. The framework of thinking of this research was the crop organic matters which were given to the soil would influence the soil mesofauna and macrofauna diversities. The presence of soil fauna would help the decomposition process of organic matters which fertilize the soil. This research was established under paraseanthes’stand, with 7 treatments of crop organic matters, i.e. cardamom, pineapple, cocoyam, cardamom-pineapple, cardamomcocoyam, pineapple-cocoyam, cardamom-pineapple-cocoyam, and the treatment without crop organic matters (control). The sampling of mesofauna data used soil extraction “Barlessse-Tullgreen” method, meanwhile the macrofauna data were obtained from “Hand- Sorting” method and “pit-fall trap” method. The data which have been obtained were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with DMRT test. The Correlation test was done to find out the relationship between the rate of decomposition of crop organic matters and the soil mesofauna and macrofauna diversities. It can be concluded that the applying of crop organic matters influenced the soil mesofauna and macrofauna diversities. The highest coefficient value index of soil mesofauna diversity was 1.36 by using cardamom-cocoyam organic matters. The highest coefficient value index of the soil macrofauna diversity was 1.11 by using pineapple organic matters. The highest coefficient value index of macrofauna diversity on the surface of the soil was 1.27 by using pineapple organic matters. The crop organic matters of cardamom-cocoyam has the highest coefficient value decomposition rate, was 0.45. The crop organic matters of pineapple has the lowest coefficient value decomposition rate, was 0.15. The relation between the decomposition rate of crop organic matters and the soil mesofauna diversity index, the macro fauna in the soil, and macrofauna on the surface of the soil show the negative correlation, with the correlation coefficient value, were -0.01; -0.30; -0.001. Key words: decomposition, crop organic matter, soil mesofauna, soil macrofauna.
{"title":"Dekomposisi Bahan Organik Tanaman Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Keanekaragaman Mesofauna Dan Makrofauna Tanah Di Bawah Tegakan Sengon (Paraserianthes Falcataria)","authors":"Suteni Wulandari, S. Sugiyarto, W. Wiryanto","doi":"10.13057/biotek/c040104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biotek/c040104","url":null,"abstract":"The purposes of the research were to know the influences of crop organic matters to diversity of soil mesofauna and macrofauna under paraserianthes’stand (Paraserianthes falcataria), rate of organic matters decomposition, as well as the relationship between the rate of organic matters decomposition and diversity of soil mesofauna and macrofauna. The framework of thinking of this research was the crop organic matters which were given to the soil would influence the soil mesofauna and macrofauna diversities. The presence of soil fauna would help the decomposition process of organic matters which fertilize the soil. This research was established under paraseanthes’stand, with 7 treatments of crop organic matters, i.e. cardamom, pineapple, cocoyam, cardamom-pineapple, cardamomcocoyam, pineapple-cocoyam, cardamom-pineapple-cocoyam, and the treatment without crop organic matters (control). The sampling of mesofauna data used soil extraction “Barlessse-Tullgreen” method, meanwhile the macrofauna data were obtained from “Hand- Sorting” method and “pit-fall trap” method. The data which have been obtained were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with DMRT test. The Correlation test was done to find out the relationship between the rate of decomposition of crop organic matters and the soil mesofauna and macrofauna diversities. It can be concluded that the applying of crop organic matters influenced the soil mesofauna and macrofauna diversities. The highest coefficient value index of soil mesofauna diversity was 1.36 by using cardamom-cocoyam organic matters. The highest coefficient value index of the soil macrofauna diversity was 1.11 by using pineapple organic matters. The highest coefficient value index of macrofauna diversity on the surface of the soil was 1.27 by using pineapple organic matters. The crop organic matters of cardamom-cocoyam has the highest coefficient value decomposition rate, was 0.45. The crop organic matters of pineapple has the lowest coefficient value decomposition rate, was 0.15. The relation between the decomposition rate of crop organic matters and the soil mesofauna diversity index, the macro fauna in the soil, and macrofauna on the surface of the soil show the negative correlation, with the correlation coefficient value, were -0.01; -0.30; -0.001. Key words: decomposition, crop organic matter, soil mesofauna, soil macrofauna.","PeriodicalId":279179,"journal":{"name":"BioSMART : Journal of Biological Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129348997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the study was to know the sequence variation of D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA between haplotypes of Composite and Hereford breeds of beef cattle. The composite breed comprising approximately 1/4 Brahman, Charolais and Friesian, and 1/8 Angus and Hereford. PCR-RFLPs were applied for the detection of DNA polymorphism to reveal their haplotypes, and continued with cloning of amplified product to pCR II vector. PCR selection was done using M13 forward and reverse primers followed with checking the incorporation of insert in the amplified fragment. Cycle sequencing of extension product were then carried out using a dye-labeled terminator cycle sequencing kit. Sequence analysis indicated that the restriction site gains in the D-loop are a T to C transition at position 16273 to create a new Ava II site, and a C to T transition at position 245 to create a new Ssp I site. Comparing to the sequence from Gene bank, both haplotypes indicate their variability, confirming previous finding that D-loop region is the most variable region in mtDNA. Key words : D-loop, mitochondrial DNA, sequence, cattle.
{"title":"Sequence Variation of Bovine Mitochondrial D-loop between Haplotypes of Composite and Hereford Breeds of Beef Cattle","authors":"S. Sutarno","doi":"10.13057/BIODIV/D030201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/BIODIV/D030201","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to know the sequence variation of D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA between haplotypes of Composite and Hereford breeds of beef cattle. The composite breed comprising approximately 1/4 Brahman, Charolais and Friesian, and 1/8 Angus and Hereford. PCR-RFLPs were applied for the detection of DNA polymorphism to reveal their haplotypes, and continued with cloning of amplified product to pCR II vector. PCR selection was done using M13 forward and reverse primers followed with checking the incorporation of insert in the amplified fragment. Cycle sequencing of extension product were then carried out using a dye-labeled terminator cycle sequencing kit. Sequence analysis indicated that the restriction site gains in the D-loop are a T to C transition at position 16273 to create a new Ava II site, and a C to T transition at position 245 to create a new Ssp I site. Comparing to the sequence from Gene bank, both haplotypes indicate their variability, confirming previous finding that D-loop region is the most variable region in mtDNA. Key words : D-loop, mitochondrial DNA, sequence, cattle.","PeriodicalId":279179,"journal":{"name":"BioSMART : Journal of Biological Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124781025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14203/BERITABIOLOGI.V7I6.863
J. Sulistyo, S. Nikkuni
In order to prevent aflatoxin contamination during the production of kecap , an Indonesian soy sauce, a white-spored mutant K-1A strain induced from an aflatoxin-negative koji mold was applied to koji making process of kecap . While kecap koji making process took 9 days by conventional method without inoculum, the use of K-1A strain as a starter shortened the process to 3 days at room temperature. The traditional koji sample contained 2.3 x 10 7 cfu/g of Aspergillu s and 5.0 x 10 6 cfu/g of molds belonging to Mucorales. The koji prepared with this starter contained 2.3 x 10 7 cfu/g of Aspergillus sp. K-1A as the dominant species and some contaminants from the environment such as other species of Aspergillus (2.0 x 10 6 cfu/g) and Mucorales (1.4 x 10 5 cfu/g). The mash prepared with kecap koji inoculated with this starter contained higher formol nitrogen (FN) and water-soluble nitrogen (WN) than those prepared with koji inoculated without any starter. These results demonstrated that the use of this starter did not only contribute to the prevention of aflatoxin contamination but also improved the conventional kecap fermentation process.
{"title":"Development of Pure Culture Starter for Kecap, an Indonesian Soy Sauce","authors":"J. Sulistyo, S. Nikkuni","doi":"10.14203/BERITABIOLOGI.V7I6.863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14203/BERITABIOLOGI.V7I6.863","url":null,"abstract":"In order to prevent aflatoxin contamination during the production of kecap , an Indonesian soy sauce, a white-spored mutant K-1A strain induced from an aflatoxin-negative koji mold was applied to koji making process of kecap . While kecap koji making process took 9 days by conventional method without inoculum, the use of K-1A strain as a starter shortened the process to 3 days at room temperature. The traditional koji sample contained 2.3 x 10 7 cfu/g of Aspergillu s and 5.0 x 10 6 cfu/g of molds belonging to Mucorales. The koji prepared with this starter contained 2.3 x 10 7 cfu/g of Aspergillus sp. K-1A as the dominant species and some contaminants from the environment such as other species of Aspergillus (2.0 x 10 6 cfu/g) and Mucorales (1.4 x 10 5 cfu/g). The mash prepared with kecap koji inoculated with this starter contained higher formol nitrogen (FN) and water-soluble nitrogen (WN) than those prepared with koji inoculated without any starter. These results demonstrated that the use of this starter did not only contribute to the prevention of aflatoxin contamination but also improved the conventional kecap fermentation process.","PeriodicalId":279179,"journal":{"name":"BioSMART : Journal of Biological Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123005268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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