The word spelled f-i-n-a-n-c-e has two common pronunciations, one accenting the first syllable and the other accenting the second. English etymology, however, provides no indication of which pronunciation is preferred and which is more commonly used. Given that language evolves from human usage and not from the dictates of a government agency or private entity, this paper addresses the question of which is the preferred pronunciation by examining the distribution of pronunciations by top finance scholars. Specifically, we review videos posted on YouTube by 100 distinguished finance scholars, rated as highly productive researchers, Nobel Laureates, and members of editorial boards of top journals. We collect biographical data on these scholars and conduct univariate and multivariate logit analyses. Results indicate that 55% accent the first syllable and 45% accent the second. Emphasis on the first syllable is distinctively non-US, as indicated by the fact that almost 69% of scholars who favor that pronunciation received their bachelors’ degrees outside of the US, while about 60% of scholars who accent the second syllable received their bachelors’ degrees from US schools. The effect is somewhat stronger when accounting for English-speaking countries other than the US, with this result largely driven only by India, which slightly prefers the US pronunciation. The overall preference for accenting the first syllable appears related to the fact that the profession is becoming increasingly populated by scholars who from outside the US, suggesting that accenting the first syllable may someday become the dominant pronunciation.
{"title":"FI-nance or Fi-NANCE: How 100 Experts Pronounce the Word","authors":"D. Chance","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3209318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3209318","url":null,"abstract":"The word spelled f-i-n-a-n-c-e has two common pronunciations, one accenting the first syllable and the other accenting the second. English etymology, however, provides no indication of which pronunciation is preferred and which is more commonly used. Given that language evolves from human usage and not from the dictates of a government agency or private entity, this paper addresses the question of which is the preferred pronunciation by examining the distribution of pronunciations by top finance scholars. Specifically, we review videos posted on YouTube by 100 distinguished finance scholars, rated as highly productive researchers, Nobel Laureates, and members of editorial boards of top journals. We collect biographical data on these scholars and conduct univariate and multivariate logit analyses. Results indicate that 55% accent the first syllable and 45% accent the second. Emphasis on the first syllable is distinctively non-US, as indicated by the fact that almost 69% of scholars who favor that pronunciation received their bachelors’ degrees outside of the US, while about 60% of scholars who accent the second syllable received their bachelors’ degrees from US schools. The effect is somewhat stronger when accounting for English-speaking countries other than the US, with this result largely driven only by India, which slightly prefers the US pronunciation. The overall preference for accenting the first syllable appears related to the fact that the profession is becoming increasingly populated by scholars who from outside the US, suggesting that accenting the first syllable may someday become the dominant pronunciation.","PeriodicalId":279809,"journal":{"name":"RCRN: Pedagogy (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121281263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Doshybekov, S. Abildabekov, Medet Kaymbaev, Gulzhan Berekbussunova, Erdos Bagdatovich Niyazakynov
The aim of this study is to examine the state of marketing in the sphere of physical culture and sport and develop methodological foundations of sports and health services marketing on its basis. In the study we adhere to the following philosophical and pedagogical strategies – methodological principles: axiological, humanistic and synergistic principles. They allow to build in a new way, substantially correct professional-personal philosophy of creative self-realization of a modern specialist in the sphere of physical culture and sports. In this article, upon a comprehensive study of the philosophical, psychological-pedagogical and methodological literature, the content analysis of the main category "marketing" has been conducted. The content analysis summarizes the ideas of foreign and Kazakh scientists-researchers in this sphere and the content of the concept "marketing". The authors of the research propose a developed technique of a special course "Sports and Health Services Marketing in Kazakhstan and Abroad", designed both for students majoring in "Physical Culture and Sports" and for coaches, organizers, specialists working in the sphere of physical culture and sports. The aim of the course is to teach to use developments of positioning of the physical culture and sports industry product with the aim of achieving and maintaining the consumer market that generates profits, as well as to be able to use the information in a manager's work, to be able to conduct marketing research and make the analysis of its results.
{"title":"How to Prepare Modern Specialist in the Sphere of Physical Culture and Sports? Implementation of the Sports Marketing Discipline in Educational Programs","authors":"A. Doshybekov, S. Abildabekov, Medet Kaymbaev, Gulzhan Berekbussunova, Erdos Bagdatovich Niyazakynov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2991563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2991563","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to examine the state of marketing in the sphere of physical culture and sport and develop methodological foundations of sports and health services marketing on its basis. In the study we adhere to the following philosophical and pedagogical strategies – methodological principles: axiological, humanistic and synergistic principles. They allow to build in a new way, substantially correct professional-personal philosophy of creative self-realization of a modern specialist in the sphere of physical culture and sports. In this article, upon a comprehensive study of the philosophical, psychological-pedagogical and methodological literature, the content analysis of the main category \"marketing\" has been conducted. The content analysis summarizes the ideas of foreign and Kazakh scientists-researchers in this sphere and the content of the concept \"marketing\". The authors of the research propose a developed technique of a special course \"Sports and Health Services Marketing in Kazakhstan and Abroad\", designed both for students majoring in \"Physical Culture and Sports\" and for coaches, organizers, specialists working in the sphere of physical culture and sports. The aim of the course is to teach to use developments of positioning of the physical culture and sports industry product with the aim of achieving and maintaining the consumer market that generates profits, as well as to be able to use the information in a manager's work, to be able to conduct marketing research and make the analysis of its results.","PeriodicalId":279809,"journal":{"name":"RCRN: Pedagogy (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126952489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I exploit a unique educational policy - implemented in most German states between 2001 and 2007 - that reduced high school duration by one year while keeping its curriculum unaltered to investigate how the resulting increase in learning intensity affected student achievement. Using 2000-2009 PISA data and a difference-in-differences approach, I find robust evidence that the reform significantly improved the reading, mathematics, and science literacy skills acquired by academic-track high school students upon treatment. A more direct estimate of the effects of the increased learning intensity - as measured by the cumulative weekly number of instructional hours delivered in high school grades - corroborates the latter finding. Furthermore, there is some evidence that the effects of the reform differ by gender and grade retention. Finally, I find no evidence of a significant average effect of the reform on high school grade retention, although I do find that the latter increased significantly for boys and for students with a migration background.
{"title":"The Causal Effects of Increased Learning Intensity on Student Achievement: Evidence from a Natural Experiment","authors":"Vincenzo Andrietti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2632002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2632002","url":null,"abstract":"I exploit a unique educational policy - implemented in most German states between 2001 and 2007 - that reduced high school duration by one year while keeping its curriculum unaltered to investigate how the resulting increase in learning intensity affected student achievement. Using 2000-2009 PISA data and a difference-in-differences approach, I find robust evidence that the reform significantly improved the reading, mathematics, and science literacy skills acquired by academic-track high school students upon treatment. A more direct estimate of the effects of the increased learning intensity - as measured by the cumulative weekly number of instructional hours delivered in high school grades - corroborates the latter finding. Furthermore, there is some evidence that the effects of the reform differ by gender and grade retention. Finally, I find no evidence of a significant average effect of the reform on high school grade retention, although I do find that the latter increased significantly for boys and for students with a migration background.","PeriodicalId":279809,"journal":{"name":"RCRN: Pedagogy (Topic)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128857442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Education is one of the non-profit organization, but lately education is one of good business and deserved to be developed into profit orgnization. This pheomenon is proven with the development of many famous and branded school in Semarang, Indonesia such as Dominico, Loyola, Hidayatullah, Marsudirini, Nasima, etc. Therefore. there are many people who organize private school individually as a business; so, the objective of school has been moved from non-profit oriented to profit oriented.Because of the number of schools in Semarang City, the competition between schools to get customers is very difficult. There are so many effort conducted by the school management to get customers for example make an advertisement, education fair, promotion, etc. Based on the advertisement, promotion and every influence from school management to customers, it will make customers choose a school they like. Based on the above problem, the researcher wants to make a research regarding with the brand experience in education. The objective of this research is to find the brand experience for education customers.
{"title":"Brand Experience in Education","authors":"B. Setiawan, Dr. Y. Sugiarto PH SU","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2403650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2403650","url":null,"abstract":"Education is one of the non-profit organization, but lately education is one of good business and deserved to be developed into profit orgnization. This pheomenon is proven with the development of many famous and branded school in Semarang, Indonesia such as Dominico, Loyola, Hidayatullah, Marsudirini, Nasima, etc. Therefore. there are many people who organize private school individually as a business; so, the objective of school has been moved from non-profit oriented to profit oriented.Because of the number of schools in Semarang City, the competition between schools to get customers is very difficult. There are so many effort conducted by the school management to get customers for example make an advertisement, education fair, promotion, etc. Based on the advertisement, promotion and every influence from school management to customers, it will make customers choose a school they like. Based on the above problem, the researcher wants to make a research regarding with the brand experience in education. The objective of this research is to find the brand experience for education customers.","PeriodicalId":279809,"journal":{"name":"RCRN: Pedagogy (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125216663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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