Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780199587919.003.0008
Gerard Horn
Antifascism manifested itself in many colours. First emerging as a reality and as a concept in Italy in the course of the 1920s, the limited reach of the sole actually existing case (Italy) ensured that, for some years, antifascism—and fascism!—remained a rather marginal phenomenon for observers outside of the confines of the Italian state. In the words of an astute contemporaneous analyst, the Austrian social democrat Adolf Sturmthal: ‘As long as Fascism was considered a purely Italian development, foreign Socialists were inclined to regard the Black Shirts in much the same way as curious spectators look at strange animals in a zoological garden: as interesting specimens, but hardly beasts that might affect one’s own life. To study them might satisfy human curiosity but would bring little practical knowledge’....
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"Gerard Horn","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780199587919.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199587919.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Antifascism manifested itself in many colours. First emerging as a reality and as a concept in Italy in the course of the 1920s, the limited reach of the sole actually existing case (Italy) ensured that, for some years, antifascism—and fascism!—remained a rather marginal phenomenon for observers outside of the confines of the Italian state. In the words of an astute contemporaneous analyst, the Austrian social democrat Adolf Sturmthal: ‘As long as Fascism was considered a purely Italian development, foreign Socialists were inclined to regard the Black Shirts in much the same way as curious spectators look at strange animals in a zoological garden: as interesting specimens, but hardly beasts that might affect one’s own life. To study them might satisfy human curiosity but would bring little practical knowledge’....","PeriodicalId":280367,"journal":{"name":"The Moment of Liberation in Western Europe","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121323186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780199587919.003.0002
Gerard Horn
It is still an unresolved question why it happened. But, literally in the closing moments of World War II, when the American and Soviet armies converged in central Germany, the impossible occurred. A stretch of German territory with roughly 500,000 inhabitants in the southwestern reaches of Saxony, from the foothills of the relatively industrialized Erzgebirge all the way to the borders with Czechoslovakia, roughly halfway between Chemnitz and Karlovy Vary, remained unoccupied by either the American or Soviet armies for more than five weeks, in some cases up to seven weeks. From 8 May 1945 until mid-June or even later, two Landkreise...
{"title":"Prologue","authors":"Gerard Horn","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780199587919.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199587919.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"It is still an unresolved question why it happened. But, literally in the closing moments of World War II, when the American and Soviet armies converged in central Germany, the impossible occurred. A stretch of German territory with roughly 500,000 inhabitants in the southwestern reaches of Saxony, from the foothills of the relatively industrialized Erzgebirge all the way to the borders with Czechoslovakia, roughly halfway between Chemnitz and Karlovy Vary, remained unoccupied by either the American or Soviet armies for more than five weeks, in some cases up to seven weeks. From 8 May 1945 until mid-June or even later, two Landkreise...","PeriodicalId":280367,"journal":{"name":"The Moment of Liberation in Western Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126133701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780199587919.003.0006
Gerard Horn
The challenges to traditional ante-bellum or ante-Mussolini ways of ruling and running societies were perhaps most visible in the area of fundamental changes affecting the most popular mass media at that time: newspapers. Virtually all across Europe, the vast majority of hitherto operating daily newspapers were shut down at the moment of liberation, and a new antifascist press often took over production facilities vacated by their compromised former owners. After some cursory glances at the politics of the post-liberation press in Germany and Italy, I then go into considerable detail in the case of France. For it was in France where the challenges to published opinion in the wake of Nazi occupation went further and deeper than anywhere else. In France, however, too, within very few years the power of money regained the upper hand, turning back the clock to the status quo ante bellum.
{"title":"Honni soit qui mal y pense","authors":"Gerard Horn","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780199587919.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199587919.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges to traditional ante-bellum or ante-Mussolini ways of ruling and running societies were perhaps most visible in the area of fundamental changes affecting the most popular mass media at that time: newspapers. Virtually all across Europe, the vast majority of hitherto operating daily newspapers were shut down at the moment of liberation, and a new antifascist press often took over production facilities vacated by their compromised former owners. After some cursory glances at the politics of the post-liberation press in Germany and Italy, I then go into considerable detail in the case of France. For it was in France where the challenges to published opinion in the wake of Nazi occupation went further and deeper than anywhere else. In France, however, too, within very few years the power of money regained the upper hand, turning back the clock to the status quo ante bellum.","PeriodicalId":280367,"journal":{"name":"The Moment of Liberation in Western Europe","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132029079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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