In terms of safeguarding the health and well-being of athletes in Sri Lanka, a primary focus has always been toward the treatment of injuries after they have occurred and promoting rehabilitation back into sport. There has been little attention towards the primary prevention of injuries in Sri Lankan sports. As a developing sporting nation, the benefits of injury prevention are immense: from a public health and financial perspective, through to individual benefits for athletes’ physical, psychological and social health. Understanding the reasons behind the lack of motive towards sports injury prevention in the country, and challenges in developing and implementing injury prevention measures in the field is useful so that these reasons can be addressed and overcome. Based on recent experience in conducting injury prevention research among Sri Lankan junior cricketers, this article discusses injury prevention principles in sport and provides directions for future sport injury prevention research in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"Prevention of sports injuries in Sri Lanka: what do we know about injuries in our athletes?","authors":"P. Gamage, A. Kountouris, C. Finch, L. Fortington","doi":"10.4038/sljsem.v2i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/sljsem.v2i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"In terms of safeguarding the health and well-being of athletes in Sri Lanka, a primary focus has always been toward the treatment of injuries after they have occurred and promoting rehabilitation back into sport. There has been little attention towards the primary prevention of injuries in Sri Lankan sports. As a developing sporting nation, the benefits of injury prevention are immense: from a public health and financial perspective, through to individual benefits for athletes’ physical, psychological and social health. Understanding the reasons behind the lack of motive towards sports injury prevention in the country, and challenges in developing and implementing injury prevention measures in the field is useful so that these reasons can be addressed and overcome. Based on recent experience in conducting injury prevention research among Sri Lankan junior cricketers, this article discusses injury prevention principles in sport and provides directions for future sport injury prevention research in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":282637,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124976678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Message from the Editor","authors":"Chathuranga Ranasinghe","doi":"10.4038/sljsem.v1i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/sljsem.v1i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282637,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124656136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Telemedicine has been practised for many decades since initial documentation in 1940s when radiology images were sent between two townships in Pennsylvania via telephone lines. Bioinstrumentation and transmission of astronauts’ vital parameters to ground based flight surgeons came to forefront during NASA’s space programme in 1960s. During following decades, telemedicine was used in multiple medical specialties as a mode of patient assessment. Use of telemedicine in Rehabilitation Medicine is relatively recent. As multidisciplinary coordinated care led by rehabilitation physicians and allied clinicians is required, proformas are used in tele rehabilitation assessments. Proformas help to generate a clinical document with medical and allied health assessments in one clinical record. Currently, delivery of rehabilitation services is further empowered, enhanced and in evolution with the installation of dedicated software programmes for use by allied health clinicians. Most units operating tele medicine for rehabilitation medical services use trained proctor with the client/patient to enable more comprehensive examination to aid clinical decision when the physician is stationed in a distant site.
{"title":"Tele rehabilitation: two-year experience in conducting medical assessments via tele link","authors":"Nalinda Andraweera","doi":"10.4038/SLJSEM.V1I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJSEM.V1I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Telemedicine has been practised for many decades since initial documentation in 1940s when radiology images were sent between two townships in Pennsylvania via telephone lines. Bioinstrumentation and transmission of astronauts’ vital parameters to ground based flight surgeons came to forefront during NASA’s space programme in 1960s. During following decades, telemedicine was used in multiple medical specialties as a mode of patient assessment. Use of telemedicine in Rehabilitation Medicine is relatively recent. As multidisciplinary coordinated care led by rehabilitation physicians and allied clinicians is required, proformas are used in tele rehabilitation assessments. Proformas help to generate a clinical document with medical and allied health assessments in one clinical record. Currently, delivery of rehabilitation services is further empowered, enhanced and in evolution with the installation of dedicated software programmes for use by allied health clinicians. Most units operating tele medicine for rehabilitation medical services use trained proctor with the client/patient to enable more comprehensive examination to aid clinical decision when the physician is stationed in a distant site.","PeriodicalId":282637,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127926790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Sri Lanka Sports Medicine Association (SLSMA) is organizing the 4th Scientific Sessions this year in collaboration with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and National Olympic Committee (NOC) of Sri Lanka under the theme “Exercise is Medicine Exercise is Wellness” from 24th to 26th November 2018 at Olympic House, Colombo, Sri Lanka. The event is endorsed by the Asian Federation of Sports Medicine (AFSM).
{"title":"\"Exercise is Medicine Exercise is Wellness\" 4th Scientific Session of SLSMA","authors":"Chathuranga Ranasinghe","doi":"10.4038/SLJSEM.V1I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJSEM.V1I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The Sri Lanka Sports Medicine Association (SLSMA) is organizing the 4th Scientific Sessions this year in collaboration with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and National Olympic Committee (NOC) of Sri Lanka under the theme “Exercise is Medicine Exercise is Wellness” from 24th to 26th November 2018 at Olympic House, Colombo, Sri Lanka. The event is endorsed by the Asian Federation of Sports Medicine (AFSM).","PeriodicalId":282637,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133008181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Message from the President of SLSMA","authors":"Eshan Jayaweera","doi":"10.4038/sljsem.v1i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/sljsem.v1i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282637,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116870988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chathuranga Ranasinghe, P. Gamage, O. Girard, R. Perera, L. Ranasinghe, R. Seneviratne, Lalith Shanaka de Silva
This article is based on the detailed inception report on technical evaluation, which was presented on request to the Ministry of Sports, Sri Lanka in June 2017, proposing the establishment of a Sports Medicine Human Performance and Research Centre at the planned High Altitude Training Centre (HATC), Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka. The report was compiled by the Sports Medicine and Research Evaluation Team at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo and the Project Consultancy Unit, University of Moratuwa in collaboration with international content experts. The objective of this report was to inform the Sports Medicine requirements that should be considered during development of the high altitude training centre in Sri Lanka. This article discusses the scientific basis of altitude training, the global context listing several international centres for altitude training and the Sri Lankan context with the assessment of the environmental suitability and recommendations based on available evidence. 1 Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. 2 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. 3 School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Australia, Mt Helen VIC 3350, Australia. 4 Murdoch Sport Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia. 5 Planning Division, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka. 6 Project Consultancy Unit, Faculty of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. Introduction High altitudes are defined as geographical locations 3000-5500 m above sea level. Different research studies, various professional bodies and institutions worldwide have specific definitions for ‘high altitude’. The consensus statement of FIFA Sports Medical Committee 2008, defines elevations between 0-500 m as ’Near sea level’, above 500 m 2000 m as ’Low altitude’, 2000 m 3000 m as ’Moderate altitude’ and above 5500 m as ’Extreme altitude’ [1, 2]. Training at low-to-moderate altitudes (500-3000 m) has long been used with endurance athletes to enhance subsequent sea level endurance performance or to acclimatise to competition at altitude. This mainly occurs through the elevations in blood parameters and/or other means of improving oxygen transport and utilisation [3, 4]. This phenomenon of metabolic adaptation provided athletes an alternative mechanism to increase endurance, and thereby, their level of performance in sports. This interest in Altitude Training (AT) has grown since the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City (2400 m), when the impact of hypoxia on sport performance became clear [5]. This has revolutionized the training of athletes for competitions since most of elite athletes engaged in individual endurance sports are now using AT [6] and athletes from different ’team sports’ worldwide engage in AT more than ever before. The science behind human body responses to altitudes Human physiological adjustments as a result of exposure to altitude environments have been studied from the
{"title":"High altitude training - developing an international centre for Sri Lanka: evaluating for the best outcome","authors":"Chathuranga Ranasinghe, P. Gamage, O. Girard, R. Perera, L. Ranasinghe, R. Seneviratne, Lalith Shanaka de Silva","doi":"10.4038/SLJSEM.V1I1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/SLJSEM.V1I1.8","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on the detailed inception report on technical evaluation, which was presented on request to the Ministry of Sports, Sri Lanka in June 2017, proposing the establishment of a Sports Medicine Human Performance and Research Centre at the planned High Altitude Training Centre (HATC), Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka. The report was compiled by the Sports Medicine and Research Evaluation Team at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo and the Project Consultancy Unit, University of Moratuwa in collaboration with international content experts. The objective of this report was to inform the Sports Medicine requirements that should be considered during development of the high altitude training centre in Sri Lanka. This article discusses the scientific basis of altitude training, the global context listing several international centres for altitude training and the Sri Lankan context with the assessment of the environmental suitability and recommendations based on available evidence. 1 Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. 2 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. 3 School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Australia, Mt Helen VIC 3350, Australia. 4 Murdoch Sport Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia. 5 Planning Division, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka. 6 Project Consultancy Unit, Faculty of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. Introduction High altitudes are defined as geographical locations 3000-5500 m above sea level. Different research studies, various professional bodies and institutions worldwide have specific definitions for ‘high altitude’. The consensus statement of FIFA Sports Medical Committee 2008, defines elevations between 0-500 m as ’Near sea level’, above 500 m 2000 m as ’Low altitude’, 2000 m 3000 m as ’Moderate altitude’ and above 5500 m as ’Extreme altitude’ [1, 2]. Training at low-to-moderate altitudes (500-3000 m) has long been used with endurance athletes to enhance subsequent sea level endurance performance or to acclimatise to competition at altitude. This mainly occurs through the elevations in blood parameters and/or other means of improving oxygen transport and utilisation [3, 4]. This phenomenon of metabolic adaptation provided athletes an alternative mechanism to increase endurance, and thereby, their level of performance in sports. This interest in Altitude Training (AT) has grown since the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City (2400 m), when the impact of hypoxia on sport performance became clear [5]. This has revolutionized the training of athletes for competitions since most of elite athletes engaged in individual endurance sports are now using AT [6] and athletes from different ’team sports’ worldwide engage in AT more than ever before. The science behind human body responses to altitudes Human physiological adjustments as a result of exposure to altitude environments have been studied from the","PeriodicalId":282637,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126408752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common reported injury in an athlete. Historically, with the first description of the structure of ACL in 150 AD, the surgical repair and reconstruction techniques have evolved. Over the years the ACL surgery was done as direct repair, reconstruction, anatomical repair, intra-articular repair and extra-articular repair. This narrative review will discuss the different modes and techniques used for surgery chronologically, the challenges and outcomes with regard to the surgery, and the latest techniques used to improve patient outcome. 1 Senior Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon, Former Director General, Institute of Sports Medicine, Ministry of Sports, Sri Lanka. Introduction Ligamentous injury in the athlete is a major cause of morbidity and time away from sport [1]. The ligamentous sporting injuries in the knee are the leading cause of sport-related surgery [2] and can have devastating consequences on the sporting career of athletes. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries account for anywhere between 25 and 50% of ligamentous knee injuries and are more common and gradually increasing in numbers [3]. It has been estimated with a prevalence of 1 in 3000 in the United States (greater than 120 000 cases annually) [4]. ACL injury is important because of increasing number and also the sequelae of the injury. Complete rupture of the ACL has a very poor potential to heal on its own [5]. ACL deficient knee will lead to meniscal damage and articular cartilage damage leading to premature onset of degeneration of the knee joint. Unfortunately, ACL repair or reconstruction cannot prevent premature degeneration, but can only achieve a stable joint in the short term and postpone the onset of arthritis [6] by about 10 years. Diagnosis of ACL injury ACL injury is diagnosed by history, clinical examination and radiological imaging. Correspondence: UB, e-mail: First identification and description of ACL ligament is attributed to Claudius Galen (150 AD), a Greek physician in the Roman Empire [7]. In 1845, Amedee Bonnet of Lyon described a patient who developed a “Popp” sound, and swelling of the knee. It was attributed to a torn ACL. Thirty years later Georges Noulis from Greece demonstrated that anterior subluxation of knee could cause ACL rupture in a series of cadaver studies [8]. In 1879, Paul Segond attributed a small fracture of the tibial plateau associated with ACL injury [9]. Since it was noticed that untreated ACL injury causes premature joint degeneration, instability, and meniscus and cartilage damage; the surgical treatment emerged. Historical background of different techniques used for ACL surgery
{"title":"Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery - past, present and future","authors":"U. Banagala","doi":"10.4038/sljsem.v1i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/sljsem.v1i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common reported injury in an athlete. Historically, with the first description of the structure of ACL in 150 AD, the surgical repair and reconstruction techniques have evolved. Over the years the ACL surgery was done as direct repair, reconstruction, anatomical repair, intra-articular repair and extra-articular repair. This narrative review will discuss the different modes and techniques used for surgery chronologically, the challenges and outcomes with regard to the surgery, and the latest techniques used to improve patient outcome. 1 Senior Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon, Former Director General, Institute of Sports Medicine, Ministry of Sports, Sri Lanka. Introduction Ligamentous injury in the athlete is a major cause of morbidity and time away from sport [1]. The ligamentous sporting injuries in the knee are the leading cause of sport-related surgery [2] and can have devastating consequences on the sporting career of athletes. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries account for anywhere between 25 and 50% of ligamentous knee injuries and are more common and gradually increasing in numbers [3]. It has been estimated with a prevalence of 1 in 3000 in the United States (greater than 120 000 cases annually) [4]. ACL injury is important because of increasing number and also the sequelae of the injury. Complete rupture of the ACL has a very poor potential to heal on its own [5]. ACL deficient knee will lead to meniscal damage and articular cartilage damage leading to premature onset of degeneration of the knee joint. Unfortunately, ACL repair or reconstruction cannot prevent premature degeneration, but can only achieve a stable joint in the short term and postpone the onset of arthritis [6] by about 10 years. Diagnosis of ACL injury ACL injury is diagnosed by history, clinical examination and radiological imaging. Correspondence: UB, e-mail: First identification and description of ACL ligament is attributed to Claudius Galen (150 AD), a Greek physician in the Roman Empire [7]. In 1845, Amedee Bonnet of Lyon described a patient who developed a “Popp” sound, and swelling of the knee. It was attributed to a torn ACL. Thirty years later Georges Noulis from Greece demonstrated that anterior subluxation of knee could cause ACL rupture in a series of cadaver studies [8]. In 1879, Paul Segond attributed a small fracture of the tibial plateau associated with ACL injury [9]. Since it was noticed that untreated ACL injury causes premature joint degeneration, instability, and meniscus and cartilage damage; the surgical treatment emerged. Historical background of different techniques used for ACL surgery","PeriodicalId":282637,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117017596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Athletes can improve their performance through training and recovery. To achieve their real potential, proper training load manipulation and adequate recovery are essential. Coaches and sports scientists use various methods to monitor athletes training load and recovery. However, most of the testing methods used in the fields are invasive, time-consuming and need specialised knowledge to collect and analyse data. Most importantly, these methods are not feasible to use in the field and expensive for everyday use. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been recognised as a reliable and non-invasive method to objectively monitor athletes during sports and exercise training that can be easily employed in the field. This article provides an overview to the heart rate variability methods and discusses its implications in monitoring athletes during sports and exercise. 1 Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Spain. REVIEW ARTICLE
{"title":"Heart Rate Variability (HRV) for sports and exercise training","authors":"M. Udayanga","doi":"10.4038/sljsem.v1i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/sljsem.v1i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Athletes can improve their performance through training and recovery. To achieve their real potential, proper training load manipulation and adequate recovery are essential. Coaches and sports scientists use various methods to monitor athletes training load and recovery. However, most of the testing methods used in the fields are invasive, time-consuming and need specialised knowledge to collect and analyse data. Most importantly, these methods are not feasible to use in the field and expensive for everyday use. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been recognised as a reliable and non-invasive method to objectively monitor athletes during sports and exercise training that can be easily employed in the field. This article provides an overview to the heart rate variability methods and discusses its implications in monitoring athletes during sports and exercise. 1 Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Spain. REVIEW ARTICLE","PeriodicalId":282637,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lankan Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128473916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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