Pub Date : 2020-08-20DOI: 10.7758/9781610448918.10
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Pub Date : 2020-08-20DOI: 10.7758/9781610448918.11
J. Labriola
T number employed in nonagricultural industries in September rose to the highest level of the year, according to data compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The gain over August amounted to about 450,000 workers, a more-than-seasonal increase. In September the number at work was about 2,700,000 less than a year ago whereas 3 months earlier the decline over the year interval amounted to 3,280,000 workers. In manufacturing industries, the gain in employment in September was larger than usual, the adjusted index advancing 2 points to 87.0 (1923-25=100). The index has recorded a gain of about 6 percent since June, when the number of factory workers was at the lowest figure since 1934. Pay rolls also recorded a sharp gain in September, the index (without seasonal adjustment) advancing nearly 4 points to 80.7. In contrast to the experience during July and August, when the recovery movement was gaining momentum, the increases in employment in September were more pronounced in the durable-goods industries. After adjustment for seasonal variations, this group showed a gain of about 5 percent, compared with an increase of less than 1 percent for the nondurable-goods group. Employment in the production of durable goods, however, is about 30 percent below the recovery high recorded in July 1937, whereas in the nondurable-goods lines, the number at work in September was only about 12 percent under the 1937 high, according to the seasonally adjusted figures. The more-than-seasonal gain in employment in automobile plants accounted for an important part of the rise in the number at work in industries producing durable goods. Numerous other industries classed in this group, however, increasecLworking forces by more than the usual seasonal amount. Practically all of the nondurable-goods industries also reported increased employment, but in most instances the gains were of no more than seasonal proportions. Exceptions, in which more-than-seasonal improvement occurred, included wearing apparel, chemicals and allied products, and rubber products. Gains also predominated among the nonmanufacturing industries in September as compared with August. Under the stimulus of seasonal influences and the improvement in general business conditions, retail trade establishments increased their working*forces by about 184,000, a slightly more-than-seasonal gain. Mining industries generally reported improved employment conditions.
美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)汇编的数据显示，9月份非农业行业的就业人数升至今年最高水平。与8月份相比，新增就业人数约为45万人，超过了季节性增长。9月份的就业人数比一年前减少了270万人，而3个月前的年度降幅为328万人。制造业方面，9月就业人数增幅大于往常，调整后的指数上升2点至87.0(1923-25=100)。自6月份以来，该指数已录得约6%的涨幅，当时工厂工人数量处于1934年以来的最低水平。9月份就业人数也出现大幅增长，该指数(不含季节性调整)上升近4点，至80.7。与7月和8月的情况相反，当时复苏势头正在增强，9月份耐用品行业的就业增长更为明显。在对季节变化进行调整后，这一组的增幅约为5%，而非耐用品组的增幅不到1%。然而，耐用品行业的就业人数比1937年7月创下的复苏高点低了约30%，而非耐用品行业9月份的就业人数仅比1937年高点低了约12%，这是经季节调整后的数据。汽车行业就业人数的增长超过了季节性，这是耐用品生产行业就业人数上升的重要原因。然而，这一群体中的许多其他行业增加的劳动力数量超过了通常的季节性数量。几乎所有的非耐用品行业也报告了就业人数的增加，但在大多数情况下，这种增长只不过是季节性的。例外情况包括服装、化学制品和相关产品以及橡胶制品。与8月份相比，9月份非制造业的增长也占主导地位。在季节性影响和整体商业状况改善的刺激下，零售业增加了约18.4万名员工，略高于季节性增长。采矿业普遍报告就业状况有所改善。
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