Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2347-5447.1000e310
M. Guruprasad, erwad, R. Hrv
In bacteria, ribosomes play an important role in protein synthesis mainly at the translational level. Several environmental factors also contribute to determine the translational activity of a bacterial cell. In adverse conditions such as stress or lack of nutrition the ribosomes reduces its translational activity by a process termed as ribosomal hibernation. It includes the formation of functionally inactive 100S ribosome by the dimerization of two 70S ribosomes [1]. The 100S ribosome formation involves the ribosome modulation factor (RMF) and hibernation promoting factors (HPF). A study conducted by Yoshida and co-workers studied in detail the role of RMF and found that it inactivates the ribosomes by covering the peptidyl transferase centre and entrance of peptide exit tunnel [2]. Similarly, HPF also promotes the dimerization of the ribosomes. A study conducted by Ueta et al. evaluated the process of 100S ribosome formation and pointed out that RMF contributes in 90S immature ribosome genesis and binding of HPF convert this 90S ribosome into mature 100S ribosome [3]. In gram negative and gram positive bacteria the mechanism of dimerization varies. In gram negative bacteria both the factors RMF and HPF play a prominent role in dimerization whereas in gram positive bacteria studies have shown the lack of RMF participation in process of hibernation formation. The presence of single long HPF having the C terminus extension is known to promote the ribosomal dimerization in stressful conditions. A study conducted by Basu and coworkers on dimerization of the ribosomes in Staphylococcus aureus found that the ribosome hibernation promoted the Staphylococcal survival as well as suggested that the disruption of the 100S ribosome may lead to the increase in the efficacy of the conventional antibiotic treatment [4].
{"title":"Ribosome Hibernation: Tolerance to Antibiotics","authors":"M. Guruprasad, erwad, R. Hrv","doi":"10.21767/2347-5447.1000e310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2347-5447.1000e310","url":null,"abstract":"In bacteria, ribosomes play an important role in protein synthesis mainly at the translational level. Several environmental factors also contribute to determine the translational activity of a bacterial cell. In adverse conditions such as stress or lack of nutrition the ribosomes reduces its translational activity by a process termed as ribosomal hibernation. It includes the formation of functionally inactive 100S ribosome by the dimerization of two 70S ribosomes [1]. The 100S ribosome formation involves the ribosome modulation factor (RMF) and hibernation promoting factors (HPF). A study conducted by Yoshida and co-workers studied in detail the role of RMF and found that it inactivates the ribosomes by covering the peptidyl transferase centre and entrance of peptide exit tunnel [2]. Similarly, HPF also promotes the dimerization of the ribosomes. A study conducted by Ueta et al. evaluated the process of 100S ribosome formation and pointed out that RMF contributes in 90S immature ribosome genesis and binding of HPF convert this 90S ribosome into mature 100S ribosome [3]. In gram negative and gram positive bacteria the mechanism of dimerization varies. In gram negative bacteria both the factors RMF and HPF play a prominent role in dimerization whereas in gram positive bacteria studies have shown the lack of RMF participation in process of hibernation formation. The presence of single long HPF having the C terminus extension is known to promote the ribosomal dimerization in stressful conditions. A study conducted by Basu and coworkers on dimerization of the ribosomes in Staphylococcus aureus found that the ribosome hibernation promoted the Staphylococcal survival as well as suggested that the disruption of the 100S ribosome may lead to the increase in the efficacy of the conventional antibiotic treatment [4].","PeriodicalId":292952,"journal":{"name":"British Biomedical Bulletin","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127048475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Guided Bone regeneration (GBR) has gained popularity in clinical dental practice. However, there is limited number of studies regarding the molecular and physical effects of bone regeneration materials (BRMs) on healing bone defects, which is essential for optimum clinical outcome. Methods and Findings: About 24 standard alveolar bone defects in six male beagle dogs were treated by GBR using either Bio Oss® or beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) (experimental) whereas the control defects were left empty. The concentration of osteoprotegerin (OPG), vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were examined by immunoassay, while the computed tomography (CT) scan images were used to assess the bone density and alveolar bone height. The clinical features assessment showed no significant difference between BRMs. However, the OPG concentration registered on 3rd day was significantly higher for β-TCP than Control group. The VEGF concentration on 7th day was significantly lower for Bio Oss than Control and β-TCP. The experiment group had significantly higher MMP-2 concentration than Control on the 10th day. There was significant increase on bone density for the experiment groups compared to control at one month with higher bone height at one and two months post-operatively (PE0.05). Conclusion: The type of BRM had fundamental effects on the pattern of healing makers (OPG, VEGF and MMP-2) concentration in GCF at some-point during healing time. Furthermore, the experimental groups had enhanced bone density one-month post-operative with more bone height gain at one and two month’s post-operative.
{"title":"The Effects of Regenerative Materials on Biomarkers, Clinical and Radiological Features of Healing Defects Treated by Guided Bone Regeneration","authors":"Y. Zhuang, Ferdin, Mabula Machibya, Weizhong Guo, Wenxiu Huang, Jiang Chen","doi":"10.21767/2347-5447.1000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2347-5447.1000312","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Guided Bone regeneration (GBR) has gained popularity in clinical dental practice. However, there is limited number of studies regarding the molecular and physical effects of bone regeneration materials (BRMs) on healing bone defects, which is essential for optimum clinical outcome. \u0000Methods and Findings: About 24 standard alveolar bone defects in six male beagle dogs were treated by GBR using either Bio Oss® or beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) (experimental) whereas the control defects were left empty. The concentration of osteoprotegerin (OPG), vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were examined by immunoassay, while the computed tomography (CT) scan images were used to assess the bone density and alveolar bone height. The clinical features assessment showed no significant difference between BRMs. However, the OPG concentration registered on 3rd day was significantly higher for β-TCP than Control group. The VEGF concentration on 7th day was significantly lower for Bio Oss than Control and β-TCP. The experiment group had significantly higher MMP-2 concentration than Control on the 10th day. There was significant increase on bone density for the experiment groups compared to control at one month with higher bone height at one and two months post-operatively (PE0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The type of BRM had fundamental effects on the pattern of healing makers (OPG, VEGF and MMP-2) concentration in GCF at some-point during healing time. Furthermore, the experimental groups had enhanced bone density one-month post-operative with more bone height gain at one and two month’s post-operative.","PeriodicalId":292952,"journal":{"name":"British Biomedical Bulletin","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116968598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2347-5447.1000311
M. Shalayel, A. Al-Qahtani, M. Huneif
Available data suggests that calcitriol has a role in controlling pulmonary inflammation by inducing the production of natural broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides, the so-called cathelicidin. Randomized clinical studies reported that vitamin D supplements in a daily-wise manner caused a significant risk reduction in acute respiratory tract viral infections and participants who were given vitamin D supplementations were half less infected with flu than those who were not given the vitamin. Hence, vitamin D3 supplementation may be advantageous when compared with flu vaccine especially when we put in consideration morbidities and complications caused by this vaccine as well as the conditions in which influenza vaccine may be contraindicated like in patients who receive cancer immunotherapies targeting the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or its receptor, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1).
{"title":"Vitamin D or Flu Vaccine-Benefits over Adverse Effects","authors":"M. Shalayel, A. Al-Qahtani, M. Huneif","doi":"10.21767/2347-5447.1000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2347-5447.1000311","url":null,"abstract":"Available data suggests that calcitriol has a role in controlling pulmonary inflammation by inducing the production of natural broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides, the so-called cathelicidin. Randomized clinical studies reported that vitamin D supplements in a daily-wise manner caused a significant risk reduction in acute respiratory tract viral infections and participants who were given vitamin D supplementations were half less infected with flu than those who were not given the vitamin. Hence, vitamin D3 supplementation may be advantageous when compared with flu vaccine especially when we put in consideration morbidities and complications caused by this vaccine as well as the conditions in which influenza vaccine may be contraindicated like in patients who receive cancer immunotherapies targeting the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or its receptor, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1).","PeriodicalId":292952,"journal":{"name":"British Biomedical Bulletin","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133338716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2347-5447.1000E309
J. Turabián
The incredible progress produced in different fields of science forces us to reflect. Health technology has played a major role on most of the fundamental advances in medicine, in the last 30 years. Scientific advances applied to health have increased the survival of people and have improved the quality of life. New medical technologies, interventions, innovative medical devices, advances in biochemistry, biomedical engineering and medical informatics, and drugs for acute and chronic diseases are being developed and introduced with unprecedented speed, and it is virtually guaranteed that biomedical science and engineering will become even more important in the future [1,2].
{"title":"Medical Advancements Associated With Biomedical Science Must Be So Slender, As Powerful, and As Serene As a Gothic Cathedral","authors":"J. Turabián","doi":"10.21767/2347-5447.1000E309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2347-5447.1000E309","url":null,"abstract":"The incredible progress produced in different fields of science forces us to reflect. Health technology has played a major role on most of the fundamental advances in medicine, in the last 30 years. Scientific advances applied to health have increased the survival of people and have improved the quality of life. New medical technologies, interventions, innovative medical devices, advances in biochemistry, biomedical engineering and medical informatics, and drugs for acute and chronic diseases are being developed and introduced with unprecedented speed, and it is virtually guaranteed that biomedical science and engineering will become even more important in the future [1,2].","PeriodicalId":292952,"journal":{"name":"British Biomedical Bulletin","volume":"10 22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129132642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2347-5447.1000307
Sevda Leisy-Azar, A. Ebadi
Background and Purpose: Klebsiella pneumonia is the most important causes of urinary tract infections in patients. Resistant strains of K. pneumoniae, especially to several antibiotics of different drug classes, have become very prevalent. In most cases, this resistance is such that causes illness exacerbation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pattern of susceptibility and resistance of K. pneumoniae to some antibiotics isolated from urinary tract infections. Materials and Method: In this cross-sectional study, we collected 198 strains of K. pneumoniae from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI). Initially, we selected these strains using standard laboratory and microbiology methods as well as culture in specific media. Muller Hinton agar was cultured on the medium by sterile cotton swab in three directions to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the strains, and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antibiogram. Results: The highest degree of resistance of K. pneumoniae isolates were, respectively, to gentamicin (32.83%) and tetracycline (27.78%) antibiotics, and the highest susceptibility was to amikacin (98.98%) and imipenem (98.96%) antibiotics. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, early and timely detection of resistant strains seems necessary to select appropriate treatment options and to prevent the spread of resistance.
{"title":"Examining the Pattern of Susceptibility and Antibiotic Resistance in Klebsiellapneumoniae Strains Isolated from Urine Samples of Children with Urinary TractInfections from the Children's Hospital of Tabriz in 2015","authors":"Sevda Leisy-Azar, A. Ebadi","doi":"10.21767/2347-5447.1000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2347-5447.1000307","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: Klebsiella pneumonia is the most important causes of urinary tract infections in patients. Resistant strains of K. pneumoniae, especially to several antibiotics of different drug classes, have become very prevalent. In most cases, this resistance is such that causes illness exacerbation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pattern of susceptibility and resistance of K. pneumoniae to some antibiotics isolated from urinary tract infections. \u0000Materials and Method: In this cross-sectional study, we collected 198 strains of K. pneumoniae from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI). Initially, we selected these strains using standard laboratory and microbiology methods as well as culture in specific media. Muller Hinton agar was cultured on the medium by sterile cotton swab in three directions to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the strains, and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antibiogram. \u0000Results: The highest degree of resistance of K. pneumoniae isolates were, respectively, to gentamicin (32.83%) and tetracycline (27.78%) antibiotics, and the highest susceptibility was to amikacin (98.98%) and imipenem (98.96%) antibiotics. \u0000Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, early and timely detection of resistant strains seems necessary to select appropriate treatment options and to prevent the spread of resistance.","PeriodicalId":292952,"journal":{"name":"British Biomedical Bulletin","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128635418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2347-5447.1000313
Y. Vereshchaga, W. Baumgartner
New approaches that allow a logical link to be established between body parameters and the dynamics of locomotion are attracting increasing interest. We propose a method that obtains knowledge from a biomechanical system. The speed of human gait transition from walking to running was investigated. Employing soft clustering and fuzzy logic principles, we derived the most influential body parameters and logical rules between them which define the preferred transition speed (PTS). The first-order PTS determinants are mass, tibial height and thigh length, while those of the second order are lateral malleolus height and body height. Four logical rules allow PTS values to be predicted with an accuracy of 0.03 m/s when using first-order parameters, and of 0.01 m/s when additionally second-order parameters are included. Compared to previously published studies, these accuracies are the best obtained to date, making our method a promising tool for practical applications.
{"title":"Knowledge Acquisition from a Biomechanical System: Human Gait Transition as an Example","authors":"Y. Vereshchaga, W. Baumgartner","doi":"10.21767/2347-5447.1000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2347-5447.1000313","url":null,"abstract":"New approaches that allow a logical link to be established between body parameters and the dynamics of locomotion are attracting increasing interest. We propose a method that obtains knowledge from a biomechanical system. The speed of human gait transition from walking to running was investigated. Employing soft clustering and fuzzy logic principles, we derived the most influential body parameters and logical rules between them which define the preferred transition speed (PTS). The first-order PTS determinants are mass, tibial height and thigh length, while those of the second order are lateral malleolus height and body height. Four logical rules allow PTS values to be predicted with an accuracy of 0.03 m/s when using first-order parameters, and of 0.01 m/s when additionally second-order parameters are included. Compared to previously published studies, these accuracies are the best obtained to date, making our method a promising tool for practical applications.","PeriodicalId":292952,"journal":{"name":"British Biomedical Bulletin","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128088029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2347-5447.1000308
Abdel-Gayoum Aa
Introduction: Hyperthyroidism is associated with insulin resistance, whereas its effect on pancreatic insulin secretion is controversial. The present study was aimed to investigate the influence of hyperthyroidism on the insulin availability and sensitivity and their correlations with the thyroid hormones in patients from Hail region in Saudi Arabia. Material and methods: The study was conducted on patients with thyroid disorders who were visiting the Diabetic and Endocrinology Unit of King Khalid Hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia between April 2015 and July 2015. A total of 43 newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients (age range: 18-77 years) were classified into: • Subclinical hyperthyroid (SHR) group: with serum TSH 25.0 pmol/L • Control (C) group of normal subjects Results: The fasting serum insulin levels in the SHR and OHR groups were severely raised by 6.22-fold and 7.67-fold, and the serum glucose by 28.76% and 54.79%, respectively compared to control, whereas, the kidney function was not altered in any of the groups. On the other hand, there were significant correlations between TSH and insulin levels (r=-0.79, P=0.0001), FT4 and insulin (r=0.34, P=0.03), TSH and insulin resistance (r =-0.5, P=0.001) and between TSH and insulin sensitivity index (r=0.90, P=0.000). Conclusion: Both clinical and subclinical hyperthyroid patients had significantly elevated fasting serum insulin and glucose levels and increased insulin resistance. Significant correlations exist between TSH and T4 with insulin levels, and between TSH with insulin resistance. The hyperthyroidism had no detrimental effects on the renal function.
{"title":"The Fasting Serum Insulin and Glucose Levels and the Estimated InsulinResistance in Clinical and Subclinical Hyperthyroid Patients from Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abdel-Gayoum Aa","doi":"10.21767/2347-5447.1000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2347-5447.1000308","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hyperthyroidism is associated with insulin resistance, whereas its effect on pancreatic insulin secretion is controversial. The present study was aimed to investigate the influence of hyperthyroidism on the insulin availability and sensitivity and their correlations with the thyroid hormones in patients from Hail region in Saudi Arabia. \u0000Material and methods: The study was conducted on patients with thyroid disorders who were visiting the Diabetic and Endocrinology Unit of King Khalid Hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia between April 2015 and July 2015. A total of 43 newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients (age range: 18-77 years) were classified into: • Subclinical hyperthyroid (SHR) group: with serum TSH 25.0 pmol/L • Control (C) group of normal subjects \u0000Results: The fasting serum insulin levels in the SHR and OHR groups were severely raised by 6.22-fold and 7.67-fold, and the serum glucose by 28.76% and 54.79%, respectively compared to control, whereas, the kidney function was not altered in any of the groups. On the other hand, there were significant correlations between TSH and insulin levels (r=-0.79, P=0.0001), FT4 and insulin (r=0.34, P=0.03), TSH and insulin resistance (r =-0.5, P=0.001) and between TSH and insulin sensitivity index (r=0.90, P=0.000). \u0000Conclusion: Both clinical and subclinical hyperthyroid patients had significantly elevated fasting serum insulin and glucose levels and increased insulin resistance. Significant correlations exist between TSH and T4 with insulin levels, and between TSH with insulin resistance. The hyperthyroidism had no detrimental effects on the renal function.","PeriodicalId":292952,"journal":{"name":"British Biomedical Bulletin","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124867628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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