H. Hidayat, Samdi Yarsono, Imaduddin Haq, K. K. Ola, Agus Hadi Santosa Wargadipura, W. Wulandari, Bambang Muharto
Renewable energy development for power generation is in line with the government's program toincrease the share of renewable energy in the national energy mix which is relatively small at themoment. BPPT, collaborating with PTPN 5 in the Insinas Flagship program, built a pilot plant for biogasproduction from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with a capacity of 700 kW. The reactor used in this pilotproject is a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) which is the most important operating unit forproducing biogas from POME. Therefore, the selection of the CSTR foundation is crucial since themain process occurs in the reactor. The scope of this activity is to realize the final design into theconstruction of a CSTR pilot plant. Several types of foundations were studied, starting from shallowfoundation type such as tread foundation, deep foundation, until combining shallow foundation typewith deep foundation type. The evaluation of existing data and design review indicates that the use ofMat Foundation is not suitable due to soil condition at a depth of 0–5m which is in the form of sandyloam soil with an NSPT value of less than 20. The selection of Piles is based on the calculations usingtotal vertical load of 3035,37 ton and total horizontal load of 542,57 tons. Considering the availability ofmaterials and time concern, the recommended foundation type is pile with a diameter of 600 mm typeB and a length of 12 m.
{"title":"PEMILIHAN FONDASI CSTR UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI POME DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN PENGEMBANGAN ENERGI TERBARUKAN","authors":"H. Hidayat, Samdi Yarsono, Imaduddin Haq, K. K. Ola, Agus Hadi Santosa Wargadipura, W. Wulandari, Bambang Muharto","doi":"10.29122/jel.v16i2.4803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/jel.v16i2.4803","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy development for power generation is in line with the government's program toincrease the share of renewable energy in the national energy mix which is relatively small at themoment. BPPT, collaborating with PTPN 5 in the Insinas Flagship program, built a pilot plant for biogasproduction from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with a capacity of 700 kW. The reactor used in this pilotproject is a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) which is the most important operating unit forproducing biogas from POME. Therefore, the selection of the CSTR foundation is crucial since themain process occurs in the reactor. The scope of this activity is to realize the final design into theconstruction of a CSTR pilot plant. Several types of foundations were studied, starting from shallowfoundation type such as tread foundation, deep foundation, until combining shallow foundation typewith deep foundation type. The evaluation of existing data and design review indicates that the use ofMat Foundation is not suitable due to soil condition at a depth of 0–5m which is in the form of sandyloam soil with an NSPT value of less than 20. The selection of Piles is based on the calculations usingtotal vertical load of 3035,37 ton and total horizontal load of 542,57 tons. Considering the availability ofmaterials and time concern, the recommended foundation type is pile with a diameter of 600 mm typeB and a length of 12 m.","PeriodicalId":294870,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129836139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world. In the process of its processing into Crude PalmOil (CPO), the palm oil processing industry produces various types of waste, including liquid wasteknown as Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). POME contains organic matter that is high enough so it mustbe processed before being discarded into the environment. During this time, POME is treated usinganaerobic ponds which are quite large and produce metana gas. Metanae gas has a high level ofemissions, but it potential to become an energy source if it is utilized. Therefore, BPPT in collaborationwith PT. Perkebunan Nusantara 5 built a biogas production pilot plant from POME equivalent to 700kWfor boiler fuel at PKS Sei Pagar, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. The process of converting POMEinto biogas uses Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) technology. The research aims to choosethe best roof tank design for CSTR. The method used is the Pahl and Beitz method and the House ofQuality. The result of the study are the best specification planning data, which is 1400 mm in diameterand the construction site position at a height of 15350 mm from the bottom of the reactor, with use aninternal support column, with the best variant chosen is the fixed roof type with dome shape.
印度尼西亚是世界上最大的棕榈油生产国。在将棕榈油加工成粗棕榈油(CPO)的过程中，棕榈油加工业会产生各种类型的废物，包括被称为棕榈油厂废水(POME)的液体废物。POME含有足够高的有机物，因此必须在丢弃到环境中之前进行处理。在此期间，POME使用厌氧池进行处理，这是相当大的，并产生甲烷。甲烷气体的排放水平很高，但如果加以利用，它有可能成为一种能源。因此，BPPT与PT. Perkebunan Nusantara 5合作，在廖内省Kampar Regency的PKS Sei Pagar建立了一个沼气生产试点工厂，该工厂使用相当于700千瓦的POME作为锅炉燃料。将pometo转化为沼气的过程使用连续搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)技术。研究的目的是为CSTR选择最佳的顶罐设计。使用的方法是Pahl和Beitz方法和质量之家。研究结果为最佳规格规划数据，其直径为1400mm，施工现场位置距反应器底部15350mm，采用内支架柱，选择的最佳变型为圆顶型固定顶型。
{"title":"SELEKSI DESAIN ROOF TANK CSTR UNTUK PLANT BIOGAS POME SETARA 700KW","authors":"Ridho Dwimansyah, Trisaksono Bagus Priambodo, Yusnitati","doi":"10.29122/jel.v16i2.4799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/jel.v16i2.4799","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world. In the process of its processing into Crude PalmOil (CPO), the palm oil processing industry produces various types of waste, including liquid wasteknown as Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). POME contains organic matter that is high enough so it mustbe processed before being discarded into the environment. During this time, POME is treated usinganaerobic ponds which are quite large and produce metana gas. Metanae gas has a high level ofemissions, but it potential to become an energy source if it is utilized. Therefore, BPPT in collaborationwith PT. Perkebunan Nusantara 5 built a biogas production pilot plant from POME equivalent to 700kWfor boiler fuel at PKS Sei Pagar, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. The process of converting POMEinto biogas uses Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) technology. The research aims to choosethe best roof tank design for CSTR. The method used is the Pahl and Beitz method and the House ofQuality. The result of the study are the best specification planning data, which is 1400 mm in diameterand the construction site position at a height of 15350 mm from the bottom of the reactor, with use aninternal support column, with the best variant chosen is the fixed roof type with dome shape.","PeriodicalId":294870,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115548364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Galuh Wirama Murti, A. Darmawan, Nesha Adelia, Nilasari, Dorit Bayu Islam Nuswantoro
Governmental policies that promote biofuels such as biodiesel have led to the generation a largeamounts of glycerol waste as a low-cost raw material. The purpose of this paper is to present a technoeconomic study on the production of biomass-based propylene glycol via glycerol hydrogenolysis,considering hydrogen feeds that partially or fully utilize renewable sources. For analysis andcalculation, computer simulations are carried out using the Aspen Hysys V11 simulator. The technoeconomic analysis is performed by modelling the propylene glycol synthesis process from glycerol,which is then used to calculate the facility capital cost and estimate operating costs to obtain an annualreturn on investment. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted for several parameters on a 36,000ton/year propylene glycol plant. The results showed the production cost was 0.76 USD/kg or 10,802IDR/kg when the hydrogen is generated from the natural gas steam-methane reforming (SMR)process. If the hydrogen is produced from the glycerol steam reforming process, which is fullyrenewable, the plant is not feasible, as indicated by a negative net present value (NPV).
{"title":"KAJIAN TEKNO EKONOMI PRODUKSI BAHAN PROPILENA GLIKOL BERBASIS BIOMASSA VIA HIDROGENOLISIS GLISEROL","authors":"Galuh Wirama Murti, A. Darmawan, Nesha Adelia, Nilasari, Dorit Bayu Islam Nuswantoro","doi":"10.29122/jel.v16i2.4800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/jel.v16i2.4800","url":null,"abstract":"Governmental policies that promote biofuels such as biodiesel have led to the generation a largeamounts of glycerol waste as a low-cost raw material. The purpose of this paper is to present a technoeconomic study on the production of biomass-based propylene glycol via glycerol hydrogenolysis,considering hydrogen feeds that partially or fully utilize renewable sources. For analysis andcalculation, computer simulations are carried out using the Aspen Hysys V11 simulator. The technoeconomic analysis is performed by modelling the propylene glycol synthesis process from glycerol,which is then used to calculate the facility capital cost and estimate operating costs to obtain an annualreturn on investment. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted for several parameters on a 36,000ton/year propylene glycol plant. The results showed the production cost was 0.76 USD/kg or 10,802IDR/kg when the hydrogen is generated from the natural gas steam-methane reforming (SMR)process. If the hydrogen is produced from the glycerol steam reforming process, which is fullyrenewable, the plant is not feasible, as indicated by a negative net present value (NPV).","PeriodicalId":294870,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132056098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Novio Valentino, Dwi Lukman Hakim, Fusia Mirda Yanti
Sei Pagar's palm oil mill (PKS Sei Pagar), PTPN V Riau processes fresh fruit bunch into crude palm oil(CPO). This processing also generates waste like empty fruit bunches (EFB), shells, fiber, and palm oilmill effluent (POME). POME has a high content of chemical oxygen demand (COD), approximately30,000-80,000 mg/L, which is usually fermented by bacteria. This fermentation mechanism can beused to produce biogas containing methane in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Since POMEor organic materials for biogas production generally contain sludge, the biogas production processshould have an agitator to mix sediment in the base reactor and improve biogas production. Thisresearch aims to determine the agitator's specifications for the biogas pilot plant in PKS Sei Pagar,consisting of power type and type of stirrer include diameter calculation, geometry, and powercalculation. The agitator's power and geometry are determined based on input data from the datasheetreactor and the efficiency of the stirrer is calculated by Reynolds reynolds numbers. From thisresearch's calculations, an agitator geometry for the biogas pilot plant in PKS Sei Pagar had a length of0.875 m, a width of 0.7 m, and a height of 3.5 m. This research also obtained that the motor power resultwas 23.55 HP. The selection of motor power in the Biogas pilot plant's stirring process in PKS Sei Pagarshould have a standard agitator motor power of 25 HP.
塞帕格的棕榈油厂(PKS塞帕格)，PTPN V廖将新鲜水果串加工成粗棕榈油(CPO)。这种加工还会产生诸如空果束(EFB)、壳、纤维和棕榈油厂废水(POME)等废物。POME的化学需氧量(COD)含量高，约为30000 - 80000 mg/L，通常由细菌发酵而成。该发酵机制可用于在连续搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)中生产含甲烷的沼气。由于用于沼气生产的POMEor有机材料通常含有污泥，因此沼气生产过程应该有一个搅拌器来混合基础反应器中的沉积物，以提高沼气产量。本研究旨在确定PKS Sei Pagar沼气中试装置的搅拌器规格，包括功率类型和搅拌器类型包括直径计算，几何形状和功率计算。搅拌器的功率和几何形状是根据数据表中的输入数据确定的，搅拌器的效率是通过雷诺数计算的。根据本研究的计算，PKS Sei Pagar沼气试验工厂的搅拌器几何形状为0.875 m长，0.7 m宽，3.5 m高。本研究还得出电机功率结果为23.55 HP。PKS Sei pagar沼气中试装置搅拌过程中电机功率的选择应采用25马力的标准搅拌电机功率。
{"title":"PERANCANGAN GEOMETRI DAN POWER PENGADUK UNTUK BIOREAKTOR","authors":"Novio Valentino, Dwi Lukman Hakim, Fusia Mirda Yanti","doi":"10.29122/jel.v16i2.4802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/jel.v16i2.4802","url":null,"abstract":"Sei Pagar's palm oil mill (PKS Sei Pagar), PTPN V Riau processes fresh fruit bunch into crude palm oil(CPO). This processing also generates waste like empty fruit bunches (EFB), shells, fiber, and palm oilmill effluent (POME). POME has a high content of chemical oxygen demand (COD), approximately30,000-80,000 mg/L, which is usually fermented by bacteria. This fermentation mechanism can beused to produce biogas containing methane in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Since POMEor organic materials for biogas production generally contain sludge, the biogas production processshould have an agitator to mix sediment in the base reactor and improve biogas production. Thisresearch aims to determine the agitator's specifications for the biogas pilot plant in PKS Sei Pagar,consisting of power type and type of stirrer include diameter calculation, geometry, and powercalculation. The agitator's power and geometry are determined based on input data from the datasheetreactor and the efficiency of the stirrer is calculated by Reynolds reynolds numbers. From thisresearch's calculations, an agitator geometry for the biogas pilot plant in PKS Sei Pagar had a length of0.875 m, a width of 0.7 m, and a height of 3.5 m. This research also obtained that the motor power resultwas 23.55 HP. The selection of motor power in the Biogas pilot plant's stirring process in PKS Sei Pagarshould have a standard agitator motor power of 25 HP.","PeriodicalId":294870,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125296475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transportation is an important means for modern society to facilitate the mobility of people and goods.The transport sector consumes about 30% of the total national final energy consumption. In 2016,energy consumption in the transportation sector reached 331.7 million BOE (equivalent barrels of oil)with a fuel mix of 55.3% gasoline; 14.0% of diesel oil; 22.3% biosolar; 0.04% fuel oil, 0.07% natural gas;0.005% avgas, 8.15% aviation fuel and 0.04% electricity. The increasing demand for energy in thetransportation sector in Indonesia is largely due to the improvement and addition of transportinfrastructure in some parts of Indonesia, especially airports and the growth of low-cost airlines. In2050 it is projected that the use of gasoline and diesel oil will continue to increase with growth of 4.0%and 4.5% per year. Along with this, the growth of biodiesel continues to increase to 7.9% per year.While avtur utilization is projected to continue to grow with a growth rate of 6.8% per year.
{"title":"ANALISIS DAN PROYEKSI KEBUTUHAN ENERGI SEKTOR TRANSPORTASI DI INDONESIA","authors":"Ari Paminto","doi":"10.29122/jel.v16i2.4801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/jel.v16i2.4801","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation is an important means for modern society to facilitate the mobility of people and goods.The transport sector consumes about 30% of the total national final energy consumption. In 2016,energy consumption in the transportation sector reached 331.7 million BOE (equivalent barrels of oil)with a fuel mix of 55.3% gasoline; 14.0% of diesel oil; 22.3% biosolar; 0.04% fuel oil, 0.07% natural gas;0.005% avgas, 8.15% aviation fuel and 0.04% electricity. The increasing demand for energy in thetransportation sector in Indonesia is largely due to the improvement and addition of transportinfrastructure in some parts of Indonesia, especially airports and the growth of low-cost airlines. In2050 it is projected that the use of gasoline and diesel oil will continue to increase with growth of 4.0%and 4.5% per year. Along with this, the growth of biodiesel continues to increase to 7.9% per year.While avtur utilization is projected to continue to grow with a growth rate of 6.8% per year.","PeriodicalId":294870,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131614254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potensi panas bumi di Indonesia sangat besar. Namun demikian pengembangan panas bumi diIndonesia masih rendah. Salah satu kendala yang banyak dihadapi dalam pengembangan energipanas bumi saat ini adalah letaknya yang terisolir jauh dari beban, sehingga menyebabkan tingkatkeekonomianya kurang menarik. Tulisan ini menjelaskan biaya pembangkitan dari Pembangkit ListrikTenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) skala kecil menggunakan tiga skenario yaitu Business as Usual (BAU),Tingkat Kandungan Dalam Negeri (TKDN) dan Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Hasil studimenunjukkan biaya pembangkitan rata-rata untuk PLTP skala kecil adalah 15,5 cent $/kWh untukskenario BAU, 14,36 cent $/kWh untuk skenario TKDN, 14,65 cent $/kWh untuk skenario CDM dan13,51 cent $/kWh untuk skenario gabungan. Dibanding dengan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Disel(PLTD), PLTP skala kecil masih lebih kompetitif, dimana biaya pembangkitan PLTD skala kecil adalah17,20 cent $/kWh.Kata Kunci : PLTP skala kecil, biaya pembangkitan, BAU, TKDN, CDM
{"title":"ANALISA BIAYA PEMBANGKITAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA PANAS BUMI SKALA KECIL","authors":"A. Budiman, Akim Windaru","doi":"10.29122/elk.v13i2.4264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/elk.v13i2.4264","url":null,"abstract":"Potensi panas bumi di Indonesia sangat besar. Namun demikian pengembangan panas bumi diIndonesia masih rendah. Salah satu kendala yang banyak dihadapi dalam pengembangan energipanas bumi saat ini adalah letaknya yang terisolir jauh dari beban, sehingga menyebabkan tingkatkeekonomianya kurang menarik. Tulisan ini menjelaskan biaya pembangkitan dari Pembangkit ListrikTenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) skala kecil menggunakan tiga skenario yaitu Business as Usual (BAU),Tingkat Kandungan Dalam Negeri (TKDN) dan Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Hasil studimenunjukkan biaya pembangkitan rata-rata untuk PLTP skala kecil adalah 15,5 cent $/kWh untukskenario BAU, 14,36 cent $/kWh untuk skenario TKDN, 14,65 cent $/kWh untuk skenario CDM dan13,51 cent $/kWh untuk skenario gabungan. Dibanding dengan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Disel(PLTD), PLTP skala kecil masih lebih kompetitif, dimana biaya pembangkitan PLTD skala kecil adalah17,20 cent $/kWh.Kata Kunci : PLTP skala kecil, biaya pembangkitan, BAU, TKDN, CDM","PeriodicalId":294870,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115743059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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