Pub Date : 2018-12-19DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80877
S. Tuli
One has to resort to allogenic source of bone grafts especially in filling up of large or multiple containable cavitary lesions, structural reconstruction of large circumferential osteoperiosteal defects, extensive spinal fusions for gross deformities, or extensive operative reconstruction after total joint replacements. These procedures demand an abundant quantity of bone material in which a patient’s (recipient’s) body cannot supply without significant morbidity and risks. At present most of the allogenic bone banks use deep-freezing or freeze-drying or radiation for long-term preservation. The techniques maintain sterility, reduce immunogenicity, and provide adequate structural integrity; however, such procedures reduce the bone-forming biological activity and are expen- sive. We have worked for clinical translation of the basic research performed by Marshal Urist (1965–1994). After extensive experimental observations, we have been using partially decalcified allogenic bone as grafts in clinical cases since 1978. Favorable out come has been observed in benign cystic lesions, wide-gap grafting, and spinal fusions. Minimum follow-up for declaring “success” or “failure” of the procedure was 2 years after implantation.
{"title":"Allogenic Decal-Bone Grafts: A Viable Option in Clinical Orthopedics","authors":"S. Tuli","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80877","url":null,"abstract":"One has to resort to allogenic source of bone grafts especially in filling up of large or multiple containable cavitary lesions, structural reconstruction of large circumferential osteoperiosteal defects, extensive spinal fusions for gross deformities, or extensive operative reconstruction after total joint replacements. These procedures demand an abundant quantity of bone material in which a patient’s (recipient’s) body cannot supply without significant morbidity and risks. At present most of the allogenic bone banks use deep-freezing or freeze-drying or radiation for long-term preservation. The techniques maintain sterility, reduce immunogenicity, and provide adequate structural integrity; however, such procedures reduce the bone-forming biological activity and are expen- sive. We have worked for clinical translation of the basic research performed by Marshal Urist (1965–1994). After extensive experimental observations, we have been using partially decalcified allogenic bone as grafts in clinical cases since 1978. Favorable out come has been observed in benign cystic lesions, wide-gap grafting, and spinal fusions. Minimum follow-up for declaring “success” or “failure” of the procedure was 2 years after implantation.","PeriodicalId":296369,"journal":{"name":"Bone Grafting - Recent Advances with Special References to Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133479820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-19DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78787
M. Çelik
Craniofacial bone grafting plays an important role in the reconstruction of the cranio- facial skeleton. Most of the craniofacial surgeons accepted that bony defects of the face must be reconstructed with bone, and soft tissue defects must be reconstructed with soft tissues. Several studies have described the cranial bone grafting procedure that is preferred by most craniofacial surgeons worldwide. In the past and currently, alloplastic and other autogenous materials have been used to reconstruct the craniofacial skeleton. However, alloplastic materials have been abandoned as they are associated with a high risk of complications such as migration, infection, and underlying bone resorption.
{"title":"Craniofacial Bone Grafting","authors":"M. Çelik","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78787","url":null,"abstract":"Craniofacial bone grafting plays an important role in the reconstruction of the cranio- facial skeleton. Most of the craniofacial surgeons accepted that bony defects of the face must be reconstructed with bone, and soft tissue defects must be reconstructed with soft tissues. Several studies have described the cranial bone grafting procedure that is preferred by most craniofacial surgeons worldwide. In the past and currently, alloplastic and other autogenous materials have been used to reconstruct the craniofacial skeleton. However, alloplastic materials have been abandoned as they are associated with a high risk of complications such as migration, infection, and underlying bone resorption.","PeriodicalId":296369,"journal":{"name":"Bone Grafting - Recent Advances with Special References to Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130756689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-19DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79261
G. Pellegrini, Andrea S. Mattiuzzi, M. Pellegrini, Luis A.Corso, Cintya P. Contreras Morales, E. Osinaga, S. Zeni
The use of bone grafts is important to preserve the alveolar bone ridge height and volume indispensable for dental implant placement. Despite the highly successful outcomes for the implant-supported overdentures, it seems that a majority of edentulous individuals have not pursued implant-based rehabilitation. Among the reasons cited for this, discrepancy between highly successful therapy and its acceptance is the cost of the treatment. Therefore, the development of biomaterials for bone grafting with comparable characteristics and biological effects than those renowned internationally is necessary. In addition, domestic manufacture would reduce the high costs in public health arising from the application of these biomaterials in the dental field. The aim of the following chapter is to offer an update on one bone grafting material frequently used in dentistry through an assessment of anorganic bovine bone graft in small and medium experimental models as well as its clinical use.
{"title":"Update on Bone Grafting Materials Used in Dentistry in the Bone Healing Process: Our Experience from Translational Studies to Their Clinical Use","authors":"G. Pellegrini, Andrea S. Mattiuzzi, M. Pellegrini, Luis A.Corso, Cintya P. Contreras Morales, E. Osinaga, S. Zeni","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79261","url":null,"abstract":"The use of bone grafts is important to preserve the alveolar bone ridge height and volume indispensable for dental implant placement. Despite the highly successful outcomes for the implant-supported overdentures, it seems that a majority of edentulous individuals have not pursued implant-based rehabilitation. Among the reasons cited for this, discrepancy between highly successful therapy and its acceptance is the cost of the treatment. Therefore, the development of biomaterials for bone grafting with comparable characteristics and biological effects than those renowned internationally is necessary. In addition, domestic manufacture would reduce the high costs in public health arising from the application of these biomaterials in the dental field. The aim of the following chapter is to offer an update on one bone grafting material frequently used in dentistry through an assessment of anorganic bovine bone graft in small and medium experimental models as well as its clinical use.","PeriodicalId":296369,"journal":{"name":"Bone Grafting - Recent Advances with Special References to Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130262062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79449
Yaşar Mahsut Dinçel
Bone grafts have been used by surgeons for a variety of purposes including filling bone cysts, reconstruction of bone loss after trauma and tumor resections and osteogenesis in fractures with union problems. In recent years, a significant increase in the use of bone grafts for reconstructive purposes has necessitated bone grafts of much greater shape and size. Although the use of avascular bone transfers is becoming more preferred due to benefits such as good osteogenic properties, resistance to infection and hypertrophy over time, nonvascular bone grafts have a wide range of use in fracture repair and reconstruction, with new developments in bone morphogenetic protein and stem cell support areas resulting in the proliferation of bone banks. Bone grafts are evaluated in three main groups as follows: autografts, allografts and xenografts. We have compiled the types of bone grafts.
{"title":"Bone Graft Types","authors":"Yaşar Mahsut Dinçel","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79449","url":null,"abstract":"Bone grafts have been used by surgeons for a variety of purposes including filling bone cysts, reconstruction of bone loss after trauma and tumor resections and osteogenesis in fractures with union problems. In recent years, a significant increase in the use of bone grafts for reconstructive purposes has necessitated bone grafts of much greater shape and size. Although the use of avascular bone transfers is becoming more preferred due to benefits such as good osteogenic properties, resistance to infection and hypertrophy over time, nonvascular bone grafts have a wide range of use in fracture repair and reconstruction, with new developments in bone morphogenetic protein and stem cell support areas resulting in the proliferation of bone banks. Bone grafts are evaluated in three main groups as follows: autografts, allografts and xenografts. We have compiled the types of bone grafts.","PeriodicalId":296369,"journal":{"name":"Bone Grafting - Recent Advances with Special References to Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125377442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79825
B. Atalay, O. Doganay
In this century, there are two mostly practiced techniques for bone regeneration. These are autogenous bone grafting (ABG) and guided bone regeneration (GBR). It was reported in the late 1970s that platelets have a good regenerative effects. Platelets include growth factors that increase vascularization and collagen production by cell mitosis. Recently, most of the studies have indicated that platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a great healing potential for bony and soft tissue that derived from patients own blood. Most beneficial effects of PRF are easily derived directly from patient ’ s venous blood without any ingredients, and it has a great potential for hard and soft tissue regeneration. PRF has no inflammatory effects and can be used with all kind of graft materials. When used as a membrane, it helps protecting the surgical area to stimulate the healing of soft and bone tissues.
{"title":"The Use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Bone Grafting","authors":"B. Atalay, O. Doganay","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79825","url":null,"abstract":"In this century, there are two mostly practiced techniques for bone regeneration. These are autogenous bone grafting (ABG) and guided bone regeneration (GBR). It was reported in the late 1970s that platelets have a good regenerative effects. Platelets include growth factors that increase vascularization and collagen production by cell mitosis. Recently, most of the studies have indicated that platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a great healing potential for bony and soft tissue that derived from patients own blood. Most beneficial effects of PRF are easily derived directly from patient ’ s venous blood without any ingredients, and it has a great potential for hard and soft tissue regeneration. PRF has no inflammatory effects and can be used with all kind of graft materials. When used as a membrane, it helps protecting the surgical area to stimulate the healing of soft and bone tissues.","PeriodicalId":296369,"journal":{"name":"Bone Grafting - Recent Advances with Special References to Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130156260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78672
Z. Haidar
Leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is a 3-D autogenous biomaterial derived via simple and rapid centrifugation of whole blood patient samples, in the absence of anti-coagulants, bovine thrombin, additives or any gelifying agents. A relatively new “revolutionary” step in second generation platelet concentrate-based therapeutics, clinical effectiveness of L-PRF remains highly-debatable, whether due to preparation protocol variability, limited evidence- based clinical literature and/or inadequate understanding of its biocomponents. This critical review provides an update on the application of L-PRF during oral surgery procedures, in human Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trials only (up to February 2016). Accordingly, autologous L-PRF is often associated with early bone formation and maturation; accelerated soft-tissue healing; and reduced post-surgical pain and discomfort. L-PRF is a simple, mal leable and safe biomaterial suitable for use in oral surgery. An innovative tool in Regenerative Dentistry, L-PRF is a strong alternative and possibly cost-effective biomaterial for oral-tissue regeneration. Preparation protocols require revision and standardization. Furthermore, a good analysis of its rheological properties, biocomponents and their bioactive function would enhance the validity, comprehension and therapeutic potential of the reported findings or observations; a step closer towards a new era of “super” dental biomaterials and bioscaffolds. periodontally stable and systemically healthy individuals who presented: similar bilateral IBD of at least 5 mm probing depth, located in vital asymptomatic teeth with no furcation involvement. Studies evaluating the addition of L-PRF to conventional open flap procedure reported the biomaterial notably improving both, clinical and radiographic parameters of IBDs, after 9 [11, 12] and 12 months [10]. A significant increase in probing depth (PD) reduc tion, CAL gain, post-treatment.
{"title":"L-PRF: A “Super” Biomaterial for Naturally Guided Hard/Soft Tissue Bioengineering and Regeneration of Oro-Dental, Periodontal and Jaw Defects","authors":"Z. Haidar","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78672","url":null,"abstract":"Leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is a 3-D autogenous biomaterial derived via simple and rapid centrifugation of whole blood patient samples, in the absence of anti-coagulants, bovine thrombin, additives or any gelifying agents. A relatively new “revolutionary” step in second generation platelet concentrate-based therapeutics, clinical effectiveness of L-PRF remains highly-debatable, whether due to preparation protocol variability, limited evidence- based clinical literature and/or inadequate understanding of its biocomponents. This critical review provides an update on the application of L-PRF during oral surgery procedures, in human Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trials only (up to February 2016). Accordingly, autologous L-PRF is often associated with early bone formation and maturation; accelerated soft-tissue healing; and reduced post-surgical pain and discomfort. L-PRF is a simple, mal leable and safe biomaterial suitable for use in oral surgery. An innovative tool in Regenerative Dentistry, L-PRF is a strong alternative and possibly cost-effective biomaterial for oral-tissue regeneration. Preparation protocols require revision and standardization. Furthermore, a good analysis of its rheological properties, biocomponents and their bioactive function would enhance the validity, comprehension and therapeutic potential of the reported findings or observations; a step closer towards a new era of “super” dental biomaterials and bioscaffolds. periodontally stable and systemically healthy individuals who presented: similar bilateral IBD of at least 5 mm probing depth, located in vital asymptomatic teeth with no furcation involvement. Studies evaluating the addition of L-PRF to conventional open flap procedure reported the biomaterial notably improving both, clinical and radiographic parameters of IBDs, after 9 [11, 12] and 12 months [10]. A significant increase in probing depth (PD) reduc tion, CAL gain, post-treatment.","PeriodicalId":296369,"journal":{"name":"Bone Grafting - Recent Advances with Special References to Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116433805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79485
C. R. Galia, F. Pagnussato, T. Ribeiro, L. F. Moreira
The use of bone graft in orthopaedic surgeries has become essential in many situations in which there is a bone defect. This includes bone tumour procedures, fracture operations where there was a loss of bone tissue and revision arthroplasty surgeries. In this chapter, we will introduce aspects related to history of bone transplantation, the biological and mechanical aspects, as well sterilization, transmission of infectious diseases and biologi- cal safety, and concluding, the functioning of tissue banks and screening of musculoskeletal tissue donors.
{"title":"Biology of Bone Graft and the Use of Bovine Bone for Revision of Total Hip Arthroplasty with Acetabular Reconstruction","authors":"C. R. Galia, F. Pagnussato, T. Ribeiro, L. F. Moreira","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79485","url":null,"abstract":"The use of bone graft in orthopaedic surgeries has become essential in many situations in which there is a bone defect. This includes bone tumour procedures, fracture operations where there was a loss of bone tissue and revision arthroplasty surgeries. In this chapter, we will introduce aspects related to history of bone transplantation, the biological and mechanical aspects, as well sterilization, transmission of infectious diseases and biologi- cal safety, and concluding, the functioning of tissue banks and screening of musculoskeletal tissue donors.","PeriodicalId":296369,"journal":{"name":"Bone Grafting - Recent Advances with Special References to Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116962139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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