Most Power departments are tasked with generating steam to support mill wide operations, gener-ate electricity, and reduce operating costs. To accomplish these tasks, power boilers generate high pressure steam that is reduced to intermediate and low pressures for process utilization in the mill by means of steam turbine generator extraction or pressure reducing valves. The most economical method to reduce steam pressure is the use of steam turbine generators, as electricity is generated from the steam when it is reduced in pressure. Electricity that is produced by these generators provides a substantial financial benefit and helps offset overall operational costs. To achieve tangible financial gains, the mill must evaluate the overall cost of steam production and the price of electricity. The current work provides a case study of power plant optimization that evaluated electricity production and steam production costs balanced with mill steam demand. Process and cost optimization led to a significant reduction in low pressure steam venting, resulting in reduced fuel consumption and reduced operating cost.
{"title":"Case study: Paper mill power plant optimization—balancing steam venting with mill demand","authors":"Ricardo B. Santos, P. Hart","doi":"10.32964/tj19.6.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj19.6.317","url":null,"abstract":"Most Power departments are tasked with generating steam to support mill wide operations, gener-ate electricity, and reduce operating costs. To accomplish these tasks, power boilers generate high pressure steam that is reduced to intermediate and low pressures for process utilization in the mill by means of steam turbine generator extraction or pressure reducing valves.\u0000The most economical method to reduce steam pressure is the use of steam turbine generators, as electricity is generated from the steam when it is reduced in pressure. Electricity that is produced by these generators provides a substantial financial benefit and helps offset overall operational costs. To achieve tangible financial gains, the mill must evaluate the overall cost of steam production and the price of electricity.\u0000The current work provides a case study of power plant optimization that evaluated electricity production and steam production costs balanced with mill steam demand. Process and cost optimization led to a significant reduction in low pressure steam venting, resulting in reduced fuel consumption and reduced operating cost.","PeriodicalId":299307,"journal":{"name":"June 2020","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128918776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohan Wang, Yanqun Su, Jingang Liu, Zhibin He, Y. Ni
Brightness is an important quality parameter for pulp products, and it is important to have reliable measurement of pulp brightness in a timely manner for process control and/or quality control purposes. In these circumstances, a quick testing method for pulp brightness is highly desirable. A rapid handsheet brightness testing method for lignin-rich mechanical pulp has been developed, which is based on the use of tap water to make handsheets and microwave ovens to rapidly dry the handsheet. Microwave oven fast drying decreased the handsheet brightness of mechanical pulp by 5–6 points due to the lignin-originated discoloration reactions. The spray of ascorbic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solutions to the handsheet can effectively inhibit these lignin discoloration reactions. With 0.2% ascorbic acid and 0.2% EDTA spraying on the wet pulp handsheet, the brightness of the handsheet from a peroxide-bleached stone groundwood pulp after the microwave oven fast drying method was similar to that obtained from the same pulp but following TAPPI Standard Test Method T 272 sp-12 “Forming handsheets for reflectance testing of pulp (sheet machine procedure)”. The effect of handsheet dryness on the handsheet brightness was also studied, and the results showed that the brightness reading was almost constant in the dry-ness range of 70% to 90%. The method developed is a reliable, fast brightness testing method for lignin-rich pulp that is of practical interest in industrial operations.
{"title":"Development of a fast brightness testing method for mechanical pulp based on microwave oven drying","authors":"Xiaohan Wang, Yanqun Su, Jingang Liu, Zhibin He, Y. Ni","doi":"10.32964/tj19.6.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj19.6.293","url":null,"abstract":"Brightness is an important quality parameter for pulp products, and it is important to have reliable measurement of pulp brightness in a timely manner for process control and/or quality control purposes. In these circumstances, a quick testing method for pulp brightness is highly desirable.\u0000A rapid handsheet brightness testing method for lignin-rich mechanical pulp has been developed, which is based on the use of tap water to make handsheets and microwave ovens to rapidly dry the handsheet. Microwave oven fast drying decreased the handsheet brightness of mechanical pulp by 5–6 points due to the lignin-originated discoloration reactions. The spray of ascorbic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solutions to the handsheet can effectively inhibit these lignin discoloration reactions.\u0000With 0.2% ascorbic acid and 0.2% EDTA spraying on the wet pulp handsheet, the brightness of the handsheet from a peroxide-bleached stone groundwood pulp after the microwave oven fast drying method was similar to that obtained from the same pulp but following TAPPI Standard Test Method T 272 sp-12 “Forming handsheets for reflectance testing of pulp (sheet machine procedure)”. The effect of handsheet dryness on the handsheet brightness was also studied, and the results showed that the brightness reading was almost constant in the dry-ness range of 70% to 90%. The method developed is a reliable, fast brightness testing method for lignin-rich pulp that is of practical interest in industrial operations.","PeriodicalId":299307,"journal":{"name":"June 2020","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116903317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2302
É. Medeiros, M. D. C. H. D. S. Moraes, D. P. Costa, G. P. Duda, J. B. D. Oliveira, J. S. A. D. Silva, J. R. D. Lima, C. Hammecker
The melon belongs to the family of commercially important cucurbitaceous in the world. However, the production of this crop can be very problematic in some places due to management practices and the climatic instability. Amongst the different options available to overcome these obstacles, the use of biochar often promoted for providing multiple benefits to crops, could contribute in holding more water and nutrients in soil and therefore improve the plant growth. A second way to try to improve the plant development was to use Trichoderma (TRI) known as aiding in seed germination, and being an excellent biological control agent against plant pathogenic pests. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of the association of biochar and TRI on the initial growth of melon and the effects on the quality of a sandy Entisol. We quantified the effects of these associations through biometric growth in melon plants and chemical, microbial, and enzymatic activities of the biogeochemical cycles in the soil. An experiment in a completely of randomized design was performed in a factorial scheme (3 x 2 + 1) with three sources of biochar (bean husk (BH), coffee ground (CG), and coffee husk (CH)) inoculated with (T+) or without (T-) TRI and additional controls When the coffee grounds (CG) and bean husks (BH) biochar with T+ soil was inoculated, the fresh weight (number of leaves), dry weight, length (of roots and branch), soil acid and alkaline phosphatase, total organic carbon, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and pH were all increased. Moreover, T. aureoviride inoculated CG biochar compared to the control increased the shoot length and dry biomass of the melon plant in 30 and 22% between 22 and 30 %. The soil that received coffee husks (CH) biochar and T+ showed higher microbial biomass carbon. However, the melon plants responded more to the type of biochar than to the T. aureoviride inoculation, possibly due to the short growth time of melon. Results of BH biochar inoculated with T. aureviride in sandy soil showed improved efficiency on melon growth and increased soil quality.
瓜属世界上具有重要商业价值的葫芦科植物。然而，由于管理实践和气候不稳定，这种作物的生产在一些地方可能会非常成问题。在克服这些障碍的不同选择中，生物炭的使用通常被提倡为作物提供多种好处，有助于在土壤中保持更多的水分和养分，从而改善植物的生长。另一种促进植物发育的方法是利用木霉(Trichoderma, TRI)作为一种优良的植物病原害虫生物防治剂，促进种子萌发。因此，本研究的目的是评价生物炭与TRI联合施用对甜瓜初始生长的益处以及对砂质甜瓜品质的影响。我们通过甜瓜植物的生物特征生长和土壤中生物地球化学循环的化学、微生物和酶活性来量化这些关联的影响。执行一个实验在一个完全随机设计在一个阶乘方案(3 x 2 + 1)和三个来源的生物炭(豆皮(BH)、咖啡(CG),和咖啡壳(CH))接种(T +)或没有(T)三和额外的控件时,咖啡渣(CG)和豆壳(BH)与T +生物炭土壤接种,新鲜的重量(数量的叶子),干燥重量,长度(根和分支),土壤酸、碱性磷酸酶、总有机碳、磷、镁、钾、pH值均升高。此外，与对照相比，金黄色葡萄球菌接种CG生物炭使甜瓜植株的茎长和干生物量增加了30%和22%，增幅在22%和30%之间。施用咖啡壳(CH)生物炭和T+的土壤微生物生物量碳含量较高。然而，甜瓜植株对生物炭类型的响应大于接种金黄色葡萄球菌，这可能是由于甜瓜生长时间短所致。结果表明，在沙质土壤中接种黑土生物炭能提高甜瓜生长效率，提高土壤质量。
{"title":"Effect of biochar and inoculation with Trichoderma aureoviride on melon growth and sandy Entisol quality","authors":"É. Medeiros, M. D. C. H. D. S. Moraes, D. P. Costa, G. P. Duda, J. B. D. Oliveira, J. S. A. D. Silva, J. R. D. Lima, C. Hammecker","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2302","url":null,"abstract":"The melon belongs to the family of commercially important cucurbitaceous in the world. However, the production of this crop can be very problematic in some places due to management practices and the climatic instability. Amongst the different options available to overcome these obstacles, the use of biochar often promoted for providing multiple benefits to crops, could contribute in holding more water and nutrients in soil and therefore improve the plant growth. A second way to try to improve the plant development was to use Trichoderma (TRI) known as aiding in seed germination, and being an excellent biological control agent against plant pathogenic pests. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of the association of biochar and TRI on the initial growth of melon and the effects on the quality of a sandy Entisol. We quantified the effects of these associations through biometric growth in melon plants and chemical, microbial, and enzymatic activities of the biogeochemical cycles in the soil. An experiment in a completely of randomized design was performed in a factorial scheme (3 x 2 + 1) with three sources of biochar (bean husk (BH), coffee ground (CG), and coffee husk (CH)) inoculated with (T+) or without (T-) TRI and additional controls When the coffee grounds (CG) and bean husks (BH) biochar with T+ soil was inoculated, the fresh weight (number of leaves), dry weight, length (of roots and branch), soil acid and alkaline phosphatase, total organic carbon, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and pH were all increased. Moreover, T. aureoviride inoculated CG biochar compared to the control increased the shoot length and dry biomass of the melon plant in 30 and 22% between 22 and 30 %. The soil that received coffee husks (CH) biochar and T+ showed higher microbial biomass carbon. However, the melon plants responded more to the type of biochar than to the T. aureoviride inoculation, possibly due to the short growth time of melon. Results of BH biochar inoculated with T. aureviride in sandy soil showed improved efficiency on melon growth and increased soil quality.","PeriodicalId":299307,"journal":{"name":"June 2020","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130940455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p1410
M. Santos, A. L. Carvalho, J. L. Souza, Maurício Bruno Prado da Silva, Rui Palmeira Medeiros, R. A. F. Junior, G. Lyra, Iêdo Teodoro, G. B. Lyra, M. Lemes
The present study aims to evaluate the APSIM-Maize model performance to use it as a decision-making tool to help improve production rates, reduce production costs and assess the potential impacts of climate change on crop yields in the Northeast of Brazil. The crop, soil and weather data used in the simulations were obtained from field experiments carried out in maize crops in 2008 and 2011 in two different edaphoclimatic regions in Alagoas State, Northeast Brazil. The approach we used explored the ability of APSIM to simulate growth variables and soil water dynamics of a maize variety (AL Bandeirante). During parametrization, we made some adjustments regarding the variety and soil organic matter to attain a better representation of the growth and soil water dynamics, respectively. The APSIM-Maize model predicted the leaf area index with a RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) ranging between 0.14 and 1.06 cm2 cm-2 and the biomass production with an RMSE between 2.30 and 3.34 Mg ha-1. The volumetric soil water content was satisfactorily predicted with RMSE ranging between 0.02 and 0.08 mm mm-1. Results showed that this model is a useful tool for decision-making, which can be potentially used as a support in climate risk management and policies, aiming to improve regional production, provided it has been previously validated with independent datasets.
{"title":"A modelling assessment of the maize crop growth, yield and soil water dynamics in the Northeast of Brazil","authors":"M. Santos, A. L. Carvalho, J. L. Souza, Maurício Bruno Prado da Silva, Rui Palmeira Medeiros, R. A. F. Junior, G. Lyra, Iêdo Teodoro, G. B. Lyra, M. Lemes","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p1410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p1410","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to evaluate the APSIM-Maize model performance to use it as a decision-making tool to help improve production rates, reduce production costs and assess the potential impacts of climate change on crop yields in the Northeast of Brazil. The crop, soil and weather data used in the simulations were obtained from field experiments carried out in maize crops in 2008 and 2011 in two different edaphoclimatic regions in Alagoas State, Northeast Brazil. The approach we used explored the ability of APSIM to simulate growth variables and soil water dynamics of a maize variety (AL Bandeirante). During parametrization, we made some adjustments regarding the variety and soil organic matter to attain a better representation of the growth and soil water dynamics, respectively. The APSIM-Maize model predicted the leaf area index with a RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) ranging between 0.14 and 1.06 cm2 cm-2 and the biomass production with an RMSE between 2.30 and 3.34 Mg ha-1. The volumetric soil water content was satisfactorily predicted with RMSE ranging between 0.02 and 0.08 mm mm-1. Results showed that this model is a useful tool for decision-making, which can be potentially used as a support in climate risk management and policies, aiming to improve regional production, provided it has been previously validated with independent datasets.","PeriodicalId":299307,"journal":{"name":"June 2020","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124391260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2510
Muhardi, A. Rahim, Effendy, M. Antara, R. A. Rauf, Arifuddin Lamusa, Christoporus, Hadayani, Dian Safitri, J. Mulyo
The objective of this study was to present empirical evidence about the sustainability of cocoa farming in Indonesia and how decisions are made in producing cocoa beans. This study used a survey method involving a questionnaire for collecting data. The results showed that the sustainability of cocoa farming was determined by weak sustainable ecological factors (46.07%), moderately sustainable socioeconomic factors (54.43%), moderately sustainable technological factors (55.95%), moderately sustainable factors that help farmers in cocoa farming (59.60%), and weak sustainable factors in cocoa farming families' futures (47.52%). To increase the sustainability of cocoa farming, the current study found that farmer education, cocoa crop rejuvenation, cocoa pest and disease control, cleanliness and quality of cocoa beans, cocoa productivity, institutions, extension, technology, credit availability, and stability of cocoa bean prices are the most important factors to be improved.
{"title":"Sustainability of cocoa production in Indonesia","authors":"Muhardi, A. Rahim, Effendy, M. Antara, R. A. Rauf, Arifuddin Lamusa, Christoporus, Hadayani, Dian Safitri, J. Mulyo","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2510","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to present empirical evidence about the sustainability of cocoa farming in Indonesia and how decisions are made in producing cocoa beans. This study used a survey method involving a questionnaire for collecting data. The results showed that the sustainability of cocoa farming was determined by weak sustainable ecological factors (46.07%), moderately sustainable socioeconomic factors (54.43%), moderately sustainable technological factors (55.95%), moderately sustainable factors that help farmers in cocoa farming (59.60%), and weak sustainable factors in cocoa farming families' futures (47.52%). To increase the sustainability of cocoa farming, the current study found that farmer education, cocoa crop rejuvenation, cocoa pest and disease control, cleanliness and quality of cocoa beans, cocoa productivity, institutions, extension, technology, credit availability, and stability of cocoa bean prices are the most important factors to be improved.","PeriodicalId":299307,"journal":{"name":"June 2020","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114419987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2133
Éva Deák, T. N. Martin, Glauber Monçon Fipke, J. D. L. Stecca, Vinícius dos Santos Cunha
In the soybean crop, the practice of inoculation is crucial for producing high yields. This is because biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the main supplier of the nutrient demand for this crop. However, a few environmental variables can also greatly influence the survival of the bacteria that control this process. In this context, the present work was performed to confirm the many ways in which soil moisture affects this process. In the field, we conducted two experiments at the times of the two sowing dates, 11/24/2015 and 12/17/2015, adopting the factorial 7 x 2 design, with four replications. The inoculation treatments included, non-inoculated (NI); not inoculated along with the nitrogen supplied at the 200 kg ha-1 (NI+N) dosage; inoculation with Bradyrhizobium [I (Brady)]; root enhancers (R); inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + root enhancers (I+R); co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense (I+Azo); co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense + root enhancers (I+Azo+R). The second factor included was the use or absence of a water jet (200 L ha-1) directed onto the seeds in the sowing furrow. Then estimations of the initial establishment of the plants, nodulation, and productivity components were measured. Water supplied to the sowing furrow had no effect on soybean nodulation and yield components. Co-inoculation promoted nodulation in soybean plants, particularly in dry mass of the nodules and number of nodules per plant.
在大豆作物中，接种对高产至关重要。这是因为生物固氮(BNF)是该作物养分需求的主要供应者。然而，一些环境变量也会极大地影响控制这一过程的细菌的存活。在这种情况下，目前的工作是为了确认土壤湿度影响这一过程的许多方式。在田间，我们在2015年11月24日和2015年12月17日两个播期进行了两次试验，采用7 × 2的因子设计，共4个重复。接种处理包括:未接种(NI);未接种时按200 kg ha-1 (NI+N)剂量供氮;接种缓生根瘤菌[I (Brady)];根增强剂(R);接种缓生根瘤菌+增根剂(I+R);缓生根瘤菌+巴西偶氮螺旋菌(I+Azo)共接种;缓生根瘤菌+巴西氮螺旋菌+增根剂(I+Azo+R)共接种。第二个因素包括使用或不使用200 L ha-1的水射流直接浇灌播种沟中的种子。然后测量了植物的初始建立、结瘤和生产力成分的估计。播沟补水对大豆结瘤和产量组成没有影响。共接种促进了大豆植株的结瘤，特别是在根瘤干质量和单株根瘤数方面。
{"title":"Soil humidity as a productive conditioner of soybean culture through inoculation, co-inoculation and rooting","authors":"Éva Deák, T. N. Martin, Glauber Monçon Fipke, J. D. L. Stecca, Vinícius dos Santos Cunha","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2133","url":null,"abstract":"In the soybean crop, the practice of inoculation is crucial for producing high yields. This is because biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the main supplier of the nutrient demand for this crop. However, a few environmental variables can also greatly influence the survival of the bacteria that control this process. In this context, the present work was performed to confirm the many ways in which soil moisture affects this process. In the field, we conducted two experiments at the times of the two sowing dates, 11/24/2015 and 12/17/2015, adopting the factorial 7 x 2 design, with four replications. The inoculation treatments included, non-inoculated (NI); not inoculated along with the nitrogen supplied at the 200 kg ha-1 (NI+N) dosage; inoculation with Bradyrhizobium [I (Brady)]; root enhancers (R); inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + root enhancers (I+R); co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense (I+Azo); co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense + root enhancers (I+Azo+R). The second factor included was the use or absence of a water jet (200 L ha-1) directed onto the seeds in the sowing furrow. Then estimations of the initial establishment of the plants, nodulation, and productivity components were measured. Water supplied to the sowing furrow had no effect on soybean nodulation and yield components. Co-inoculation promoted nodulation in soybean plants, particularly in dry mass of the nodules and number of nodules per plant.","PeriodicalId":299307,"journal":{"name":"June 2020","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114601631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2528
L. D. O. Fassio, M. R. Malta, G. R. Liska, G. R. Carvalho, C. E. Botelho, A. A. Pereira, R. T. G. Pereira
The post-harvest processing of coffee is one of the most important factors in obtaining a superior quality product with differentiated attributes in the cup. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of wet and dry postharvest processing on beverage quality and on the sensory profile of 49 Coffea arabica accessions from the Active Germplasm Bank of Minas Gerais. For this purpose, the sensory analysis was applied based on the protocols of the Specialty Coffee Association, and the data were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis. Some coffee accessions were separated by the final score according to the type of processing used. However, the influence of the processing method was most evident in the individual scores for sensory attributes. Regardless of the processing method, some accessions presented stability for the notes of taste, acidity, fragrance, body, aftertaste, balance, global impression as well as for the final score. The Coffea arabica accessions of the Active Germplasm Bank of Minas Gerais presented variability in the sensory profile of the beverage according to the type of postharvest processing used.
{"title":"Performance of arabica coffee accessions from the active germplasm bank of Minas Gerais, Brazil as a function of dry and wet processing: a sensory approach","authors":"L. D. O. Fassio, M. R. Malta, G. R. Liska, G. R. Carvalho, C. E. Botelho, A. A. Pereira, R. T. G. Pereira","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2528","url":null,"abstract":"The post-harvest processing of coffee is one of the most important factors in obtaining a superior quality product with differentiated attributes in the cup. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of wet and dry postharvest processing on beverage quality and on the sensory profile of 49 Coffea arabica accessions from the Active Germplasm Bank of Minas Gerais. For this purpose, the sensory analysis was applied based on the protocols of the Specialty Coffee Association, and the data were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis. Some coffee accessions were separated by the final score according to the type of processing used. However, the influence of the processing method was most evident in the individual scores for sensory attributes. Regardless of the processing method, some accessions presented stability for the notes of taste, acidity, fragrance, body, aftertaste, balance, global impression as well as for the final score. The Coffea arabica accessions of the Active Germplasm Bank of Minas Gerais presented variability in the sensory profile of the beverage according to the type of postharvest processing used.","PeriodicalId":299307,"journal":{"name":"June 2020","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128734248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p1696
Glauber Monçon Fipke, T. N. Martin, T. M. Muller, Vinícius dos Santos Cunha, J. D. Munareto, A. T. Schonell, Luiz Fernando Teleken Grando, Anderson da Costa Rossato
The practice of soybean seed inoculation cannot exceed the 24-hour prior to sowing. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of inoculation and co-inoculation of osmoprotectant soybean seeds, performed at different times of sowing. The experiments were conducted during two crop seasons at "sandy clay loam Acrisol" and "Cfa climate" in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks with four replications. Nine distinct treatments of seeds inoculation were carried out with bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium were inoculated alone (conventional inoculation) or combined with Azospirillum brasilense (co-inoculation), associated with the use of osmoprotectants. The components of nodulation, leaf chlorophyll, plant growth and grain yield were evaluated. The number of nodules and pods per plant are the variables most correlated with grain yield. Number of grains per pod, mass of thousand grains, and A, B and total chlorophyll content were not influenced by inoculation, co-inoculation and nitrogen fertilization. All treatments that used osmoprotectant had an increased 30% (in the first year) at average number of nodules in V5 compared to the treatments that did not use it. Co-inoculation provided an increase of 31% and 16% of yield, respectively, compared to the no-inoculation treatment, for the first and second experimental years. Inoculation and co-inoculation when carried out seven days before sowing and associated with the use of the osmoprotector, provides grain yield similar to the inoculation performed at the time of sowing.
大豆种子接种的做法不能超过播种前24小时。本研究的目的是评估在播种不同时期接种和共接种渗透保护剂大豆种子的效果。试验分两个作物季节在巴西RS Santa Maria的“Acrisol砂质粘土壤土”和“Cfa气候”下进行。实验设计由完全随机分组组成，有4个重复。在渗透保护剂的作用下，将慢根瘤菌属细菌单独接种(常规接种)或与巴西偶氮螺旋菌联合接种(共接种)，进行了9种不同的种子接种处理。对结瘤、叶片叶绿素、植株生长和籽粒产量进行了评价。单株结瘤数和荚果数是与籽粒产量最相关的变量。接种、共接种和施氮对单荚粒数、千粒重、A、B和总叶绿素含量无显著影响。与不使用渗透保护剂的处理相比，所有使用渗透保护剂的处理在V5的平均结节数增加了30%(在第一年)。在第一年和第二年的试验中，与不接种处理相比，共接种的产量分别增加了31%和16%。播种前7天进行接种和共接种，并使用渗透保护剂，可提供与播种时接种相似的粮食产量。
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Pub Date : 2020-05-27DOI: 10.36548/jitdw.2020.2.003
Dr. S. Manoharan, Prof. Sathish
Scrutinizing the emotions of customers and social media analytics are gaining popularity in the recent days. However, analysis of the emotions of visitors in theme parks are done on a lesser scale. In this paper, based on social media messages, the emotions of the visitors of a theme park is analyzed using geospatial as well as social media analytics convergence and visualization of cohesive places where expressions are gathered. Based on the Russell’s Circumplex Model of Affect, the words and emotions are analyzed in around 50,000 tweets collected of which 20,400 tweets contained one or more such words. Analysis of exploratory spatial data based on GIS and analysis of text mining represents various emotion in each quadrant based on the tweets. The visitor emotions are associated to various topics and emotions of considerable spatial variations. Based on the significant clustering of emotions in each quadrant, the areas of riding attraction in the theme park are identified and displayed using this research approach. Based on the analysis and implications of this research work, it is possible to develop ways in which the pleasant emotions of the visitors can be evoked by practitioners.
最近，仔细观察顾客的情绪和社交媒体分析越来越受欢迎。然而，对主题公园游客情绪的分析规模较小。本文以社交媒体信息为基础，利用地理空间分析和社交媒体分析对主题公园游客的情感进行分析，并对聚集表达的凝聚力场所进行融合和可视化。基于Russell 's Circumplex Model of Affect，研究人员对收集到的约5万条推文中的词语和情绪进行了分析，其中20400条推文包含一个或多个这样的词语。基于GIS的探索性空间数据分析和基于推文的文本挖掘分析代表了每个象限的各种情感。游客的情绪与各种主题和情绪有很大的空间差异。基于每个象限情感的显著聚类，利用该研究方法对主题公园的游乐景点区域进行识别和展示。基于本研究工作的分析和启示，我们有可能开发出实践者能够唤起来访者愉悦情绪的方法。
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