Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-37-42
Абимбола Д. У.
Языковая коммуникация играет первостепенную роль в современной дипломатии и установлении информационных контактов. Сбои в коммуникации приводят к нарастанию недоверия и подрывают эффективность дипломатических контактов между партнерами и союзниками. Автором статьи обосновывается необходимость для Нигерии наращивать усилия в области использования и изучения русского языка как средства общения с представителями Российской Федерации и других русскоязычных стран.
{"title":"ИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА КАК СРЕДСТВА УГЛУБЛЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКО-НИГЕРИЙСКИХ СВЯЗЕЙ","authors":"Абимбола Д. У.","doi":"10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-37-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-37-42","url":null,"abstract":"Языковая коммуникация играет первостепенную роль в современной дипломатии и установлении информационных контактов. Сбои в коммуникации приводят к нарастанию недоверия и подрывают эффективность дипломатических контактов между партнерами и союзниками. Автором статьи обосновывается необходимость для Нигерии наращивать усилия в области использования и изучения русского языка как средства общения с представителями Российской Федерации и других русскоязычных стран.","PeriodicalId":299793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. International relations","volume":"60 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121007630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-31-36
B. A. M., Deniz ALI HAZER
The article presents an overview of the Turkish foreign policy strategy and its implications for the development of Turkish-Russian relations. The bilateral relationship is viewed in the context of the Turkish-Russian summit of 2021 which became an important landmark gave an impetus to the future growth of the Turkish-Russian relationship. The influence of the international context on the Turkish-Russian rapprochement is also addressed.
{"title":"THE EVOLUTION OF TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE 21st CENTURY: THE POTENTIAL FOR PRAGMATISM","authors":"B. A. M., Deniz ALI HAZER","doi":"10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-31-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-31-36","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an overview of the Turkish foreign policy strategy and its implications for the development of \u0000Turkish-Russian relations. The bilateral relationship is viewed in the context of the Turkish-Russian summit of 2021 which \u0000became an important landmark gave an impetus to the future growth of the Turkish-Russian relationship. The influence of \u0000the international context on the Turkish-Russian rapprochement is also addressed.","PeriodicalId":299793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. International relations","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122262358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-66-73
М. V. V.
We discuss the legal status of non-state actors in the context of the global fight against transnational organised crime and the security of states. We address the topic from the perspectives of international law (including criminal law), international security and human rights. We conclude that non-state actors such as multinational corporations, private military and security companies, and non-governmental organisations may become quasi-actors of transnational organised crime. Contributing to this probability are their uncertain legal status under international law, certain corporate practices and attitudes, obscure financial flows, and vulnerability of international and national public authorities to corrupt practices, among others.
{"title":"NON-STATE ACTORS AS QUASI-SUBJECTS OF TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIME: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SECURITY OF STATES","authors":"М. V. V.","doi":"10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-66-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-66-73","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the legal status of non-state actors in the context of the global fight against transnational organised crime \u0000and the security of states. We address the topic from the perspectives of international law (including criminal law), international security and human rights. We conclude that non-state actors such as multinational corporations, private military and \u0000security companies, and non-governmental organisations may become quasi-actors of transnational organised crime. Contributing to this probability are their uncertain legal status under international law, certain corporate practices and attitudes, \u0000obscure financial flows, and vulnerability of international and national public authorities to corrupt practices, among others.","PeriodicalId":299793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. International relations","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130084915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-12-18
S. D.
In 1941 H. Luce famously declared the arrival of the American century where the US would emerge as the dominant superpower in the world. After the end of World War II and then again in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, it looked in many ways like H. Luce’s prediction was correct. However the world today looks very different compared to 1945 or 1991. This article looks at the way the world and US foreign policy have evolved, contending that the foreign policy options for the United States are very different now and in the future from what they once were. Both the D. Trump and now J. Biden foreign policies are the result of these changes, and the article looks at some of the challenges facing the US going forward.
{"title":"THE END OF THE AMERICAN CENTURY? A SHORT HISTORY OF US FOREIGN POLICY FROM WORLD WAR II TO THE PRESENT","authors":"S. D.","doi":"10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-12-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-12-18","url":null,"abstract":"In 1941 H. Luce famously declared the arrival of the American century where the US would emerge as the dominant \u0000superpower in the world. After the end of World War II and then again in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, it looked \u0000in many ways like H. Luce’s prediction was correct. However the world today looks very different compared to 1945 or 1991. \u0000This article looks at the way the world and US foreign policy have evolved, contending that the foreign policy options for the \u0000United States are very different now and in the future from what they once were. Both the D. Trump and now J. Biden foreign \u0000policies are the result of these changes, and the article looks at some of the challenges facing the US going forward.","PeriodicalId":299793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. International relations","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116567357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-3-11
S. U. E.
The history of the bilateral relations between Belarus and the United States from 1991 to 2020 was difficult and controversial. In 1991–1996 the relationship was positive and dynamic, extending to many areas from international security to humanitarian contacts and exchanges among people. After the 1996 referendum, the relationship soured. Washington adopted a policy of selective engagement, with limited dialogue with the government and more extensive support for humanitarian contacts, civil society and trade links. From 2013 to June 2020 Minsk and Washington took tentative steps towards normalcy, but in 2020 the dynamic reversed again.
{"title":"BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN BELARUS AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A HISTORY OF HOPES AND DISAPPOINTMENTS","authors":"S. U. E.","doi":"10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-3-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-3-11","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the bilateral relations between Belarus and the United States from 1991 to 2020 was difficult and controversial. In 1991–1996 the relationship was positive and dynamic, extending to many areas from international security to humanitarian contacts and exchanges among people. After the 1996 referendum, the relationship soured. Washington adopted \u0000a policy of selective engagement, with limited dialogue with the government and more extensive support for humanitarian \u0000contacts, civil society and trade links. From 2013 to June 2020 Minsk and Washington took tentative steps towards normalcy, \u0000but in 2020 the dynamic reversed again.","PeriodicalId":299793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. International relations","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117085228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-57-65
K. V. V.
The definition of the term “human organs and tissues” is considered with reference to the transplantation of organs and tissues. We review the doctrinal approaches, provisions of international legal acts, international instruments, and national legal frameworks related to the transplantation of human organs and tissues. We conclude by proposing a definition of the terms “human organ” and “human tissue” with emphasis on the substantive aspects inherent in them.
{"title":"THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN ORGANS AND TISSUES WITH REFERENCE TO TRANSPLANTATION: LESSONS FROM INTERNATIONAL LAW","authors":"K. V. V.","doi":"10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-57-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-57-65","url":null,"abstract":"The definition of the term “human organs and tissues” is considered with reference to the transplantation of organs and \u0000tissues. We review the doctrinal approaches, provisions of international legal acts, international instruments, and national \u0000legal frameworks related to the transplantation of human organs and tissues. We conclude by proposing a definition of the \u0000terms “human organ” and “human tissue” with emphasis on the substantive aspects inherent in them.","PeriodicalId":299793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. International relations","volume":"62 27","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133523536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-19-30
N. F.
Track two diplomacy is designed to deal with conflicts that are deemed to be intractable, because the rational calculation of the antagonists leads to a zero-sum game. Track two diplomacy is non-official, it acts on the perceptions and beliefs and is expected to change the way each actor perceives their strategic interests and threats to their core values. We apply the conceptual frames derived from track two diplomacy theories to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict because it was a typical case of an intractable conflict transformed with track two diplomacy initiatives. Successful track two diplomacy initiatives were initiated by a third party that socialised the antagonistic elites – i. e. US official and non-official actors, or think tanks. They were combined with track one-and-a-half diplomacy, with an effect on the track one, i. e. the official diplomatic negotiations on peace. Nevertheless, that did not lead to the in-depth transformation on the grassroots level advocated by peace and conflict resolution organisations.
{"title":"THE TRACK TWO DIPLOMACY AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE ISRAELI PALESTINIAN OSLO PEACE PROCESS","authors":"N. F.","doi":"10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-19-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-19-30","url":null,"abstract":"Track two diplomacy is designed to deal with conflicts that are deemed to be intractable, because the rational calculation \u0000of the antagonists leads to a zero-sum game. Track two diplomacy is non-official, it acts on the perceptions and beliefs and \u0000is expected to change the way each actor perceives their strategic interests and threats to their core values. We apply the \u0000conceptual frames derived from track two diplomacy theories to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict because it was a typical case \u0000of an intractable conflict transformed with track two diplomacy initiatives. Successful track two diplomacy initiatives were \u0000initiated by a third party that socialised the antagonistic elites – i. e. US official and non-official actors, or think tanks. They \u0000were combined with track one-and-a-half diplomacy, with an effect on the track one, i. e. the official diplomatic negotiations \u0000on peace. Nevertheless, that did not lead to the in-depth transformation on the grassroots level advocated by peace and conflict resolution organisations.","PeriodicalId":299793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. International relations","volume":"25 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114045483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-51-56
Yumeng Jiang
We present a theoretical and practical review of the political and legal aspects of the People’s Republic of China’s participation in the UN peacekeeping activities and China’s policy of peace on the planet Earth. We examine the political and regulatory aspects of China’s peacekeeping activity in cooperation with the UN and identify the most pressing problems.
{"title":"COOPERATION BETWEEN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE UNITED NATIONS IN PEACEKEEPING ACTIVITY","authors":"Yumeng Jiang","doi":"10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-51-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-51-56","url":null,"abstract":"We present a theoretical and practical review of the political and legal aspects of the People’s Republic of China’s participation in the UN peacekeeping activities and China’s policy of peace on the planet Earth. We examine the political and regulatory aspects of China’s peacekeeping activity in cooperation with the UN and identify the most pressing problems.","PeriodicalId":299793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. International relations","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133978675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-43-50
C. I. A., M. J. I.
China’s foreign policy initiatives have been influential in the evolution of the present world order and multipolar system of international relations. In the second decade of the 21st century, China put forward the concept of a community with a shared future (later succeeded by the notion of a community with a shared future for mankind) and announced its Belt and road initiative. In this study we examine how both are related, and intersect in the humanitarian sphere. We propose an interpretation of a community with a shared future for mankind as a notion that informs China’s present foreign policy. We also explain how it is related to the Belt and road initiative.
{"title":"COMMUNITY WITH A SHARED FUTURE FOR MANKIND, AND HOW THIS CONCEPT IS RELATED TO THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE","authors":"C. I. A., M. J. I.","doi":"10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-43-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6848-2022-1-43-50","url":null,"abstract":"China’s foreign policy initiatives have been influential in the evolution of the present world order and multipolar system of \u0000international relations. In the second decade of the 21st century, China put forward the concept of a community with a shared \u0000future (later succeeded by the notion of a community with a shared future for mankind) and announced its Belt and road initiative. In this study we examine how both are related, and intersect in the humanitarian sphere. We propose an interpretation \u0000of a community with a shared future for mankind as a notion that informs China’s present foreign policy. We also explain how \u0000it is related to the Belt and road initiative.","PeriodicalId":299793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. International relations","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122930706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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