Pub Date : 2020-02-17DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654355.003.0011
Jill D. Snider
The epilogue reflects on what invention meant to Headen and to the larger artisanal class from which he came and examines his legacy. Addressed are his influence on other African American transportation technology pioneers, his encouragement of mechanization among British farmers, the role of his bi-fuel engine improvements in supporting the British war effort in World War II, and his long-term influence on engine designs and on anti-icing technologies for air and rotor craft, turbine engines, and wind turbines. The epilogue also probes historiographical questions illuminated by Headen’s story, including the nature of African American automobility in the 1920s, specifically the participation of black beauty culturalists as investors and the automobile’s role in expanding African American social networks; the influence of early religious leaders on the business strategies of African American entrepreneurs; and the implications that social networks carry for personal success and for future racial advancement.
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Pub Date : 2020-02-17DOI: 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654355.003.0008
Jill D. Snider
Chapter 7 describes Headen’s difficulties expanding his coalition strategy as he moved from auto manufacturing to auto racing in the mid-1920s. Documented are his reconfiguration of the Afro-American Automobile Association to focus on dirt-track racing; his career as an auto racer and race promoter; and internal rifts within his coalition based on gender, professional competition, and religious and political differences. The chapter explores defections from the coalition by women and religious figures, upset over the switch from a business model dedicated to racial advancement to a track culture steeped in profanity, alcohol, and danger; departures by political conservatives upset over the selection of a prominent black nationalist as the Association’s publicist; and Headen’s rejection by fellow race organizers competing directly with him for audiences. These internal conflicts, which eventually splintered both the Association and Headen’s marriage, ultimately revealed the limits of the “coalition economics” model.
第七章描述了20世纪20年代中期，当黑登从汽车制造业转向赛车运动时，他在扩大联盟战略方面遇到的困难。记录在案的是，他重组了美国黑人汽车协会(african american Automobile Association)，专注于肮脏的赛道比赛;他的职业生涯是一名赛车手和比赛推广人;他的联盟内部也因性别、职业竞争、宗教和政治分歧而出现裂痕。这一章探讨了妇女和宗教人士对联盟的背叛，他们对联盟从一个致力于种族进步的商业模式转变为一个充满亵渎、酒精和危险的轨道文化感到不满;政治保守派对选择一位杰出的黑人民族主义者担任该协会的公关感到不满而离职;以及黑登被其他赛事组织者直接与他争夺观众的拒绝。这些内部冲突最终导致协会和海登的婚姻破裂，最终暴露了“联合经济学”模式的局限性。
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