Hans-Jürgen Gawlick, Milan Sudar, Divna Jovanovic, Richard Lein, Sigrid Missoni, Ioan Bucur
The opening of the Neo-Tethys started in the Middle Anisian and is recorded in the drowning succession of the shallow-water Ravni/Steinalm Carbonate Ramp and the subsequent deposition of deep-marine limestones, e.g., the red nodular limestones of the Bulog Group and equivalents. In the Inner Dinarides of southwest Serbia the continental break-up of the Neo-Tethys Ocean is characterized by the formation of a horst-and-graben topography. The change from deposition of shallow-water carbonates formed in an epicontinental sea (graben stage of the Neo-Tethys Wilson Cycle) to red nodular deep-marine limestones (Bulog Limestone) in the late Pelsonian (Middle Anisian) is relatively abrupt due to the rapid decrease of carbonate production. The deeper-water Bulog Limestone, deposited in the early stage of the passive continental margin evolution of the western Neo-Tethys can be dated by conodonts and in rare cases also by ammonoids quite exactly, and therefore it is possible to reconstruct the Pelsonian to Illyrian sedimentological evolution precisely: 1) The late Pelsonian is characterized by the drowning of the shallow-water Ravni Carbonate Ramp and a rapid deepening of the depositional realm. Extension led to the formation of neptunian dikes in the shallow-water Ravni Formation, filled with deeper-marine red micrite, and the formation of a horst-and-graben morphology. Whereas some of the horsts uplifted and emerged in the grabens near to the newly formed escarpments thick breccia successions were deposited with a fining-upward trend during the early-middle Illyrian. On top of other horsts, the grabens, or the newly formed gentle slopes red nodular limestones were deposited. In cases layers with enriched ammonoids formed (Fossillagerstatten). 2) The early-middle Illyrian ongoing subsidence resulted in the deposition of more and more condensed red nodular limestones with hardground formation. 3) Around the middle/late Illyrian boundary a new pulse of tectonic motions resulted in the tilting of blocks, the formation of new escarpments and again mobilization of mass transport deposits. In addition, a second generation of neptunian dikes was formed. They crosscut the late Pelsonian to middle Illyrian Bulog Limestone, the Pelsonian Ravni Formation, and the older generation of neptunian dikes in the shallow-water Ravni Formation. All formerly emerged horsts flooded and red nodular limestones were deposited on the karstified shallow-water Ravni Formation after a gap. This second pulse of tectonic motions is related to the widespread volcanism in the Dinarides as visible in the appearance of mm-sized biotite clasts in the late Illyrian Bulog Limestone. In contrast to the Outer Dinarides, where thick volcanics are intercalated in the Illyrian sedimentary succession, in the Bulog Limestone successions of the Inner Dinarides volcanics are missing. In general the Pelsonian-Illyrian sedimentary succession is characterized by a stepwise deepening of the depositional re
{"title":"From shallow-water carbonate ramp to hemipelagic deep-marine carbonate deposition: Part 1. General characteristics, microfacies and depositional history of the Middle to Late Anisian Bulog sedimentary succession in the Inner Dinarides (SW Serbia)","authors":"Hans-Jürgen Gawlick, Milan Sudar, Divna Jovanovic, Richard Lein, Sigrid Missoni, Ioan Bucur","doi":"10.2298/gabp230329006g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gabp230329006g","url":null,"abstract":"The opening of the Neo-Tethys started in the Middle Anisian and is recorded in the drowning succession of the shallow-water Ravni/Steinalm Carbonate Ramp and the subsequent deposition of deep-marine limestones, e.g., the red nodular limestones of the Bulog Group and equivalents. In the Inner Dinarides of southwest Serbia the continental break-up of the Neo-Tethys Ocean is characterized by the formation of a horst-and-graben topography. The change from deposition of shallow-water carbonates formed in an epicontinental sea (graben stage of the Neo-Tethys Wilson Cycle) to red nodular deep-marine limestones (Bulog Limestone) in the late Pelsonian (Middle Anisian) is relatively abrupt due to the rapid decrease of carbonate production. The deeper-water Bulog Limestone, deposited in the early stage of the passive continental margin evolution of the western Neo-Tethys can be dated by conodonts and in rare cases also by ammonoids quite exactly, and therefore it is possible to reconstruct the Pelsonian to Illyrian sedimentological evolution precisely: 1) The late Pelsonian is characterized by the drowning of the shallow-water Ravni Carbonate Ramp and a rapid deepening of the depositional realm. Extension led to the formation of neptunian dikes in the shallow-water Ravni Formation, filled with deeper-marine red micrite, and the formation of a horst-and-graben morphology. Whereas some of the horsts uplifted and emerged in the grabens near to the newly formed escarpments thick breccia successions were deposited with a fining-upward trend during the early-middle Illyrian. On top of other horsts, the grabens, or the newly formed gentle slopes red nodular limestones were deposited. In cases layers with enriched ammonoids formed (Fossillagerstatten). 2) The early-middle Illyrian ongoing subsidence resulted in the deposition of more and more condensed red nodular limestones with hardground formation. 3) Around the middle/late Illyrian boundary a new pulse of tectonic motions resulted in the tilting of blocks, the formation of new escarpments and again mobilization of mass transport deposits. In addition, a second generation of neptunian dikes was formed. They crosscut the late Pelsonian to middle Illyrian Bulog Limestone, the Pelsonian Ravni Formation, and the older generation of neptunian dikes in the shallow-water Ravni Formation. All formerly emerged horsts flooded and red nodular limestones were deposited on the karstified shallow-water Ravni Formation after a gap. This second pulse of tectonic motions is related to the widespread volcanism in the Dinarides as visible in the appearance of mm-sized biotite clasts in the late Illyrian Bulog Limestone. In contrast to the Outer Dinarides, where thick volcanics are intercalated in the Illyrian sedimentary succession, in the Bulog Limestone successions of the Inner Dinarides volcanics are missing. In general the Pelsonian-Illyrian sedimentary succession is characterized by a stepwise deepening of the depositional re","PeriodicalId":30150,"journal":{"name":"Geoloski Anali Balkanskoga Poluostrva","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The southeastern part of the Pannonian Basin System probably represents the most important area for determining its origin and evolution. The geodynamics also influenced the way that sediments fill the basin and therefore the economic resources that can be found in these sediments. All this led to the fact that the Pannonian Basin is the most developed part of our country. The great scientific value of this area is found in the fact that it represents an excellent training ground for the demonstration of the opening of the Pannonian basin system as well as the progradation of sediments from the southern and southeastern directions. In addition to the already confirmed economic importance through the exploitation of hydrocarbons, geothermal and hydrothermal waters, coal and construction materials, there is great potential in geoheritage and geotourism.
{"title":"Evolution of the southeastern part of the Pannonian Basin and its implications","authors":"Dejan Radivojevic","doi":"10.2298/gabp230624008r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gabp230624008r","url":null,"abstract":"The southeastern part of the Pannonian Basin System probably represents the most important area for determining its origin and evolution. The geodynamics also influenced the way that sediments fill the basin and therefore the economic resources that can be found in these sediments. All this led to the fact that the Pannonian Basin is the most developed part of our country. The great scientific value of this area is found in the fact that it represents an excellent training ground for the demonstration of the opening of the Pannonian basin system as well as the progradation of sediments from the southern and southeastern directions. In addition to the already confirmed economic importance through the exploitation of hydrocarbons, geothermal and hydrothermal waters, coal and construction materials, there is great potential in geoheritage and geotourism.","PeriodicalId":30150,"journal":{"name":"Geoloski Anali Balkanskoga Poluostrva","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infrared spectra (IR) in the O-H stretching region were recorded for natural tourmalines from the magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal systems of Moslavacka Gora (Croatia). Samples of disseminated tourmaline (schorl) representing magmatic products were collected from leucogranite. Nodular tourmaline (intermediate members of the schorl-dravite series) from twomica granite represents a magmatic-hydrothermal mineral related to the final stage of granite crystallization. IR spectra of the typically disseminated tourmaline show four sharp O-H stretching bands: 3643, 3633, 3550, and 3484 cm?1, while typical nodular tourmaline shows spectra with asymmetric and relatively broad O-H stretching bands on 3635 and 3554 cm?1 with shoulders at the higher and lower wavenumber side. The broadening in the lower wavenumber region of nodular tourmaline compared to disseminated tourmaline indicates a higher water content in the nodular type. At the same time, the observed shifts between the corresponding bands can be explained by the shortening of the O-H1 and O-H3 distances, which can be attributed to different genetic and/or evolutionary processes. According to the models applicable to the Moslavacka Gora, disseminated tourmaline from the leucogranite can be considered a typical magmatic (pegmatitic) product and a standard accessory phase of the leucogranite. The origin of nodular tourmaline, which was the last mineral to crystallize in the evolved Late Cretaceous granitic system of Moslavacka Gora, is attributed to the interaction of a fluid phase from the residual granitic melt with the fluid originating from the wall-rock in the low-pressure crustal setting, which was accompanied by relatively rapid cooling. This interaction resulted in an increased dravite content of the nodular tourmaline and is reflected in the observed IR spectral features.
{"title":"Infrared spectra study of the Moslavacka Gora (Croatia) tourmalines O-H stretching region: Inference of fluid involvement in the late cretaceous igneous evolution of a complex Adria-Europe convergence zone","authors":"Drazen Balen, Zorica Petrinec","doi":"10.2298/gabp230301003b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gabp230301003b","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared spectra (IR) in the O-H stretching region were recorded for natural tourmalines from the magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal systems of Moslavacka Gora (Croatia). Samples of disseminated tourmaline (schorl) representing magmatic products were collected from leucogranite. Nodular tourmaline (intermediate members of the schorl-dravite series) from twomica granite represents a magmatic-hydrothermal mineral related to the final stage of granite crystallization. IR spectra of the typically disseminated tourmaline show four sharp O-H stretching bands: 3643, 3633, 3550, and 3484 cm?1, while typical nodular tourmaline shows spectra with asymmetric and relatively broad O-H stretching bands on 3635 and 3554 cm?1 with shoulders at the higher and lower wavenumber side. The broadening in the lower wavenumber region of nodular tourmaline compared to disseminated tourmaline indicates a higher water content in the nodular type. At the same time, the observed shifts between the corresponding bands can be explained by the shortening of the O-H1 and O-H3 distances, which can be attributed to different genetic and/or evolutionary processes. According to the models applicable to the Moslavacka Gora, disseminated tourmaline from the leucogranite can be considered a typical magmatic (pegmatitic) product and a standard accessory phase of the leucogranite. The origin of nodular tourmaline, which was the last mineral to crystallize in the evolved Late Cretaceous granitic system of Moslavacka Gora, is attributed to the interaction of a fluid phase from the residual granitic melt with the fluid originating from the wall-rock in the low-pressure crustal setting, which was accompanied by relatively rapid cooling. This interaction resulted in an increased dravite content of the nodular tourmaline and is reflected in the observed IR spectral features.","PeriodicalId":30150,"journal":{"name":"Geoloski Anali Balkanskoga Poluostrva","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135685808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milan Sudar, Hans-Jurgen Gawlick, Ioan Bucur, Divna Jovanovic, Sigrid Missoni, Richard Lein
The Middle to Late Anisian sedimentary succession preserved in the Klisura quarry in Sirogojno (Zlatibor Mt., SW Serbia) preserves the most complete deepening depositional history in the Inner Dinarides in Serbia. In this section, extensional tectonic movements that took place in connection with the Neo-Tethys break-up are reflected in the exceptional well-preserved record of the depositional history. The Pelsonian Ravni Formation at the base of the section is dissected by two generations of neptunian dikes formed in A) the late Pelsonian, and B) the late Illyrian. Above the late Pelsonian drowning unconformity a deepening trend of the depositional environment is mirrored by the litho- and microfacies characteristics of the more than 21 meter thick red nodular limestones of the Bulog Formation. Periods of starvation with deposition of Fossillagerstatten beds and hardgrounds mark characteristic changes in deposition. Two phases of distinct tectonic motions result in unconformities and a stepwise deepening of the depositional realm. The first and major unconformity is the drowning surface on the top of the Ravni Carbonate Ramp which led to the nearly total demise of shallow-water carbonate production, i.e. the change in deposition from shallow- to deepwater limestones. The second phase of tectonic motions is expressed by the formation of an angular unconformity after a phase of starvation in the basin. No Bulog Limestone section in the Dinarides, even not in the type region near Sarajevo, preserves all these characteristic sedimentological features as preserved in the Klisura quarry section in Sirogojno. Therefore this section is proposed to be the reference section for the sedimentological evolution and depositional environment reconstruction of the Bulog Formation in the Inner Dinarides, located in SW Serbia.
{"title":"From shallow-water carbonate ramp to hemipelagic deep-marine carbonate deposition: Part 2. Sirogojno (Klisura quarry) - the reference section of the Middle to Late Anisian Bulog sedimentary succession in the Inner Dinarides (SW Serbia)","authors":"Milan Sudar, Hans-Jurgen Gawlick, Ioan Bucur, Divna Jovanovic, Sigrid Missoni, Richard Lein","doi":"10.2298/gabp230403007s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gabp230403007s","url":null,"abstract":"The Middle to Late Anisian sedimentary succession preserved in the Klisura quarry in Sirogojno (Zlatibor Mt., SW Serbia) preserves the most complete deepening depositional history in the Inner Dinarides in Serbia. In this section, extensional tectonic movements that took place in connection with the Neo-Tethys break-up are reflected in the exceptional well-preserved record of the depositional history. The Pelsonian Ravni Formation at the base of the section is dissected by two generations of neptunian dikes formed in A) the late Pelsonian, and B) the late Illyrian. Above the late Pelsonian drowning unconformity a deepening trend of the depositional environment is mirrored by the litho- and microfacies characteristics of the more than 21 meter thick red nodular limestones of the Bulog Formation. Periods of starvation with deposition of Fossillagerstatten beds and hardgrounds mark characteristic changes in deposition. Two phases of distinct tectonic motions result in unconformities and a stepwise deepening of the depositional realm. The first and major unconformity is the drowning surface on the top of the Ravni Carbonate Ramp which led to the nearly total demise of shallow-water carbonate production, i.e. the change in deposition from shallow- to deepwater limestones. The second phase of tectonic motions is expressed by the formation of an angular unconformity after a phase of starvation in the basin. No Bulog Limestone section in the Dinarides, even not in the type region near Sarajevo, preserves all these characteristic sedimentological features as preserved in the Klisura quarry section in Sirogojno. Therefore this section is proposed to be the reference section for the sedimentological evolution and depositional environment reconstruction of the Bulog Formation in the Inner Dinarides, located in SW Serbia.","PeriodicalId":30150,"journal":{"name":"Geoloski Anali Balkanskoga Poluostrva","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Mladenovic, Uros Stojadinovic, Vladica Cvetkovic, Dejan Prelevic
The Central Balkan region offers particular insights into the very last episodes of the life of oceanic domains that existed between Adria and Europe. This special issue highlights some of the latest developments in the geological research of this important area with a rather small but eclectic selection of papers aimed at better understanding of the geodynamics of the long-lasting Adria - Europe convergence. The road ahead involves more detailed investigations and key studies, including sedimentology, geochronology, provenance and microtectonics, to further enhance our knowledge about the issues that are opened or discussed in this volume.
{"title":"Understanding geodynamics of the long-lasting Adria-Europe convergence: new constraints from the central balkans","authors":"Ana Mladenovic, Uros Stojadinovic, Vladica Cvetkovic, Dejan Prelevic","doi":"10.2298/gabp2301001m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gabp2301001m","url":null,"abstract":"The Central Balkan region offers particular insights into the very last episodes of the life of oceanic domains that existed between Adria and Europe. This special issue highlights some of the latest developments in the geological research of this important area with a rather small but eclectic selection of papers aimed at better understanding of the geodynamics of the long-lasting Adria - Europe convergence. The road ahead involves more detailed investigations and key studies, including sedimentology, geochronology, provenance and microtectonics, to further enhance our knowledge about the issues that are opened or discussed in this volume.","PeriodicalId":30150,"journal":{"name":"Geoloski Anali Balkanskoga Poluostrva","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135494993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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