Pub Date : 2019-07-16DOI: 10.11601/IJATES.V8I2.276
S. Häfner, Reiner Thomä
The paper deals with the identification of linear time invariant (LTI) systems by a special observer. An observer emitting an frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal and having a stretch processor as receiver will be considered for system identification. A thorough derivation of the gathered baseband signal for arbitrary LTI systems will be given. It is shown, that the received signal is approximately given by the transfer function of the LTI system over the frequency sweep of the FMCW signal. The proof relies on an infinite large time-bandwidth product of the transmit signal, such that errors remain in practical applications with a finite time-bandwidth product. Monte–Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the approximation and to quantify its accuracy and remaining errors. The findings are important for e.g. calibration or derivation of a device model in FMCW radar applications.
{"title":"Identification of Linear Time Invariant Systems Using FMCW Signals and Stretch Processing Receivers","authors":"S. Häfner, Reiner Thomä","doi":"10.11601/IJATES.V8I2.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11601/IJATES.V8I2.276","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the identification of linear time invariant (LTI) systems by a special observer. An observer emitting an frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal and having a stretch processor as receiver will be considered for system identification. A thorough derivation of the gathered baseband signal for arbitrary LTI systems will be given. It is shown, that the received signal is approximately given by the transfer function of the LTI system over the frequency sweep of the FMCW signal. The proof relies on an infinite large time-bandwidth product of the transmit signal, such that errors remain in practical applications with a finite time-bandwidth product. Monte–Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the approximation and to quantify its accuracy and remaining errors. The findings are important for e.g. calibration or derivation of a device model in FMCW radar applications.","PeriodicalId":30494,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications Electrotechnics Signals and Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42728069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-26DOI: 10.11601/IJATES.V8I2.278
Alexandru-George Rusu, Radu-Sebastian Marinescu, C. Burileanu, Dumitru Bica
In Air Traffic Control a serious safety risk is represented by undetected simultaneous transmissions from different airplanes. In this paper, we approach this issue through a speech analysis algorithm, which combines traditional Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients extraction, a new two-stage normalization and widely used Dynamic Time Warping. In this way, we were able to extend the simultaneous speech detection capability in Voice Communication Systems of Air Traffic Control. The results prove that this implementation is suitable for practical applications.
{"title":"Evaluation of Simultaneous Speech Detection Based on MFCC-DTW with Two-Stage Normalization","authors":"Alexandru-George Rusu, Radu-Sebastian Marinescu, C. Burileanu, Dumitru Bica","doi":"10.11601/IJATES.V8I2.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11601/IJATES.V8I2.278","url":null,"abstract":"In Air Traffic Control a serious safety risk is represented by undetected simultaneous transmissions from different airplanes. In this paper, we approach this issue through a speech analysis algorithm, which combines traditional Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients extraction, a new two-stage normalization and widely used Dynamic Time Warping. In this way, we were able to extend the simultaneous speech detection capability in Voice Communication Systems of Air Traffic Control. The results prove that this implementation is suitable for practical applications.","PeriodicalId":30494,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications Electrotechnics Signals and Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45977230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-26DOI: 10.11601/IJATES.V8I2.263
H. Benbouhenni, Z. Boudjema, A. Belaidi
In this paper, we propose an advanced control scheme using neural second order sliding mode (NSOSMC) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system space vector modulation (ANFIS-SVM) strategy for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) integrated into a wind turbine system (WTS). The used hybrid control system composed of artificial intelligence techniques and second-order sliding mode applied to ensure better powers performances provided by the WTS. The obtained simulation results showed that the proposed control structure has active and reactive powers with low ripples and low stator current harmonic distortion.
{"title":"Higher Control Scheme Using Neural Second Order Sliding Mode and ANFIS-SVM strategy for a DFIG-Based Wind Turbine","authors":"H. Benbouhenni, Z. Boudjema, A. Belaidi","doi":"10.11601/IJATES.V8I2.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11601/IJATES.V8I2.263","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an advanced control scheme using neural second order sliding mode (NSOSMC) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system space vector modulation (ANFIS-SVM) strategy for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) integrated into a wind turbine system (WTS). The used hybrid control system composed of artificial intelligence techniques and second-order sliding mode applied to ensure better powers performances provided by the WTS. The obtained simulation results showed that the proposed control structure has active and reactive powers with low ripples and low stator current harmonic distortion.","PeriodicalId":30494,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications Electrotechnics Signals and Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48564874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-12DOI: 10.11601/IJATES.V8I1.270
S. Iyer, Shree Prakash Singh
The required upgradation of the network capacity of the single-mode fiber which is constrained by the non-linear Shannon’s limit, and the capacity provisioning needed by the future diverse Internet traffic can be resolved by the adoption of the Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) based Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) (SDM-b-EONs). In the current work, we focus on the performance analysis of a SDM-b-EON in which translucent lightpaths are routed through the spectral super-channels over the spatial single-mode fiber(s) bundle(s) links. In regard to regeneration, we investigate three scenarios which differ in their regeneration variability level in addition to the adjustment of modulation formats according to transmission route characteristics. We conduct extensive simulations considering an online traffic case and two realistic network topologies with different numbers of (i) fibers in every link, and (ii) transceivers available within SDM-b-EON. The obtained results demonstrate that when regeneration is conducted with complete flexibility and simultaneously the modulation format conversion is also permitted at every SDM-b-EON node both, largest traffic volume amounts can be provisioned, and significant SDM-b-EON performance scaling can be obtained with a corresponding increase in the utilized fibers amount.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Translucent Space Division Multiplexing Based Elastic Optical Networks","authors":"S. Iyer, Shree Prakash Singh","doi":"10.11601/IJATES.V8I1.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11601/IJATES.V8I1.270","url":null,"abstract":"The required upgradation of the network capacity of the single-mode fiber which is constrained by the non-linear Shannon’s limit, and the capacity provisioning needed by the future diverse Internet traffic can be resolved by the adoption of the Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) based Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) (SDM-b-EONs). In the current work, we focus on the performance analysis of a SDM-b-EON in which translucent lightpaths are routed through the spectral super-channels over the spatial single-mode fiber(s) bundle(s) links. In regard to regeneration, we investigate three scenarios which differ in their regeneration variability level in addition to the adjustment of modulation formats according to transmission route characteristics. We conduct extensive simulations considering an online traffic case and two realistic network topologies with different numbers of (i) fibers in every link, and (ii) transceivers available within SDM-b-EON. The obtained results demonstrate that when regeneration is conducted with complete flexibility and simultaneously the modulation format conversion is also permitted at every SDM-b-EON node both, largest traffic volume amounts can be provisioned, and significant SDM-b-EON performance scaling can be obtained with a corresponding increase in the utilized fibers amount.","PeriodicalId":30494,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications Electrotechnics Signals and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42702127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-17DOI: 10.11601/IJATES.V7I3.256
R. Bajpai, S. Sengar, S. Iyer, Shree Prakash Singh
With the steady increase in the heterogeneous Internet traffic, the optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks based on a mixed line rate (MLR) strategy have emerged as an efficient-solution. Also, with the migration from the legacy to the higher line rate(s), the advanced modulation format(s) (MF) is/are required. However, use of appropriate MF(s) for the higher line rate(s) still remains an open problem. In this article, we compare the performance of an On-Off Keying (OOK), Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) and Duo-binary (DB) MF based MLR network in the presence of various physical layer impairment(s) (PLIs) for which, we propose a mathematical model based on various MFs. As a novelty, we validate the proposed theoretical model’s results by comparing them with the results obtained through simulations from OptSim, which has not been conducted in any existing study(s) thus far. Our simulation results show that the DB MF is perfectly suitable for high spectral-efficient MLR systems owing to its high resistance to various PLIs.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of OOK, DPSK and Duo-binary Modulation Format based Mixed-Line-Rate (MLR) Optical Network","authors":"R. Bajpai, S. Sengar, S. Iyer, Shree Prakash Singh","doi":"10.11601/IJATES.V7I3.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11601/IJATES.V7I3.256","url":null,"abstract":"With the steady increase in the heterogeneous Internet traffic, the optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks based on a mixed line rate (MLR) strategy have emerged as an efficient-solution. Also, with the migration from the legacy to the higher line rate(s), the advanced modulation format(s) (MF) is/are required. However, use of appropriate MF(s) for the higher line rate(s) still remains an open problem. In this article, we compare the performance of an On-Off Keying (OOK), Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) and Duo-binary (DB) MF based MLR network in the presence of various physical layer impairment(s) (PLIs) for which, we propose a mathematical model based on various MFs. As a novelty, we validate the proposed theoretical model’s results by comparing them with the results obtained through simulations from OptSim, which has not been conducted in any existing study(s) thus far. Our simulation results show that the DB MF is perfectly suitable for high spectral-efficient MLR systems owing to its high resistance to various PLIs.","PeriodicalId":30494,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications Electrotechnics Signals and Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48118142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-28DOI: 10.11601/IJATES.V7I2.254
S. Haefner, R. Thoma
Estimating the parameters of a geometric propagation model from MIMO channel sounding measurements will be considered, which requires the solution of an inverse problem. Thus, a model of the measured data is derived, which incorporates a model of the measurement system as well as the parameters of interest. Based on the data model a maximum-likelihood estimator will be derived to infer the model parameters. Because virtual antenna arrays are considerer, formed by step-wise rotating directive antennas at transmitter and receiver side, the MIMO measurements are conducted in the beam-space. Hence, the data model can be described by a multidimensional convolution of the measurement system and the propagation channel. Based on the convolutional modelling, the parameter estimation problem is transformed into a harmonic retrieval problem, which can be solved by an Unitary Tensor-ESPRIT algorithm. The maximum-likelihood and ESPRIT estimator are compared by Monte-Carlo simulations according to their root-mean-square estimation error.
{"title":"High Resolution Estimation of AoA, AoD and TdoA from MIMO Channel Sounding Measurements with Virtual Antenna Arrays: Maximum-Likelihood vs. Unitary Tensor-ESPRIT","authors":"S. Haefner, R. Thoma","doi":"10.11601/IJATES.V7I2.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11601/IJATES.V7I2.254","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating the parameters of a geometric propagation model from MIMO channel sounding measurements will be considered, which requires the solution of an inverse problem. Thus, a model of the measured data is derived, which incorporates a model of the measurement system as well as the parameters of interest. Based on the data model a maximum-likelihood estimator will be derived to infer the model parameters. Because virtual antenna arrays are considerer, formed by step-wise rotating directive antennas at transmitter and receiver side, the MIMO measurements are conducted in the beam-space. Hence, the data model can be described by a multidimensional convolution of the measurement system and the propagation channel. Based on the convolutional modelling, the parameter estimation problem is transformed into a harmonic retrieval problem, which can be solved by an Unitary Tensor-ESPRIT algorithm. The maximum-likelihood and ESPRIT estimator are compared by Monte-Carlo simulations according to their root-mean-square estimation error.","PeriodicalId":30494,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications Electrotechnics Signals and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44028821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.11601/IJATES.V7I2.250
Z. A. Karam
One of the most debated issues nowadays is the quality of computer network service. The best internet service must provide a fast processing of the traffic. Each router has a queue of packets that provides a buffer space, where the packets wait for processing. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a packets congestion control theory. Active Queue Management (AQM) is a mechanisms proposed to employ at gateways to improve the performance of TCP congestion control. AQM mechanisms aim to provide high link utilization with low loss rate and low queuing delay while reacting to load changes quickly. Random Early Detection (RED) is an extensively studied AQM algorithm that can detect congestion by dropping packets randomly with certain probability that serves as the function of the average queue size. In this work, hybrids Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC) are proposed to measure the router queue size directly by use them as a congestion controllers. A multiple hybrid fuzzy controllers are proposed, where (Proportional Integral Derivative controller (PID) -like FLC-Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Based, Proportional Derivative (PD)-like FLC with conventional I-PSO Based and PID tuned by Fuzzy Logic-PSO Based), which is provided to regulate the queue length, round trip time and packet loss. The Particle Swarmed Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used for tuning the gains of hybrid fuzzy logic controller which helps in reducing the error of the queue size. This is achieved through minimizing the rise time, peak time, settling time and overshoot of the AQM response. The empirical results revealed a high-performance improvement regarding the proposed method in comparison to previous works of other researchers.
当今最具争议的问题之一是计算机网络服务的质量。最好的互联网服务必须提供对流量的快速处理。每个路由器都有一个数据包队列，该队列提供一个缓冲空间，数据包在其中等待处理。TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)是一种数据包拥塞控制理论。主动队列管理(Active Queue Management, AQM)是一种用于网关的机制，用于提高TCP拥塞控制的性能。AQM机制旨在提供高链路利用率、低丢包率和低排队延迟，同时对负载变化做出快速反应。RED (Random Early Detection)是一种被广泛研究的AQM算法，它通过随机丢包来检测拥塞，丢包的概率是平均队列大小的函数。本文提出混合模糊逻辑控制器(FLC)作为拥塞控制器，直接测量路由器队列大小。提出了一种多重混合模糊控制器，其中(类比例积分导数控制器(PID) -基于粒子群优化(PSO))，类比例导数控制器(PD)-基于传统的I-PSO和基于模糊逻辑-PSO的PID)，用于调节队列长度、往返时间和丢包量。采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法对混合模糊控制器的增益进行调整，有助于减小队列大小的误差。这是通过最小化AQM响应的上升时间、峰值时间、稳定时间和超调来实现的。实证结果表明，与其他研究人员以前的工作相比，所提出的方法具有高性能的改进。
{"title":"Hybrid Fuzzy Congestion Controllers for Computer Networks Tuned by Modified Particle Swarm Optimization","authors":"Z. A. Karam","doi":"10.11601/IJATES.V7I2.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11601/IJATES.V7I2.250","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most debated issues nowadays is the quality of computer network service. The best internet service must provide a fast processing of the traffic. Each router has a queue of packets that provides a buffer space, where the packets wait for processing. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a packets congestion control theory. Active Queue Management (AQM) is a mechanisms proposed to employ at gateways to improve the performance of TCP congestion control. AQM mechanisms aim to provide high link utilization with low loss rate and low queuing delay while reacting to load changes quickly. Random Early Detection (RED) is an extensively studied AQM algorithm that can detect congestion by dropping packets randomly with certain probability that serves as the function of the average queue size. In this work, hybrids Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC) are proposed to measure the router queue size directly by use them as a congestion controllers. A multiple hybrid fuzzy controllers are proposed, where (Proportional Integral Derivative controller (PID) -like FLC-Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Based, Proportional Derivative (PD)-like FLC with conventional I-PSO Based and PID tuned by Fuzzy Logic-PSO Based), which is provided to regulate the queue length, round trip time and packet loss. The Particle Swarmed Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used for tuning the gains of hybrid fuzzy logic controller which helps in reducing the error of the queue size. This is achieved through minimizing the rise time, peak time, settling time and overshoot of the AQM response. The empirical results revealed a high-performance improvement regarding the proposed method in comparison to previous works of other researchers.","PeriodicalId":30494,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications Electrotechnics Signals and Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44939515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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