Pub Date : 2021-09-14DOI: 10.22108/LIAR.2021.128749.2011
Hajar Mirzaei, R. Hojatizadeh
(Im) politeness is a common linguistic phenomenon that is widely manifested in everyday social interaction either written or spoken. If different levels such as cognitive, emotional, esthetic & behavioral can be identified within a verbal interaction, (im) politeness is related to the last one. (Im) politeness which has a pragmatic feature & indicates the effectiveness & appropriateness of a verbal action in a given context, is one of the relatively new field of language & linguistic research that has not been considered so far in the analysis of Persian folktales language, which are context-audience-action based literary genres. Due to this fact, impoliteness is examined in the first part of Abu Muslim Nameh. The theoretical model of this research is adapted from Culpeper's manners of impoliteness and seeks to analyze data in the light of factors as: social norms, context, emotions & intentionality. Examples, extracted from the text, are analyzed based on statistical data obtained from the graphs. As the results testify, it is to indicate that out of 5 impoliteness manners, three ones means: negative & positive impoliteness & off record politeness are frequently used in the text. Positive impoliteness is most widely used, while withhold politeness is the least one in the text. Moreover, power, superiority & inferiority have not had much effect on the verbal impolite behavior of narrative characters & Men & women use impoliteness without significant difference.
{"title":"Investigating the manners of verbal impoliteness in the 1th part of Abu-Muslim Nameh of Tartoosi based on Culpeper's theoretical model","authors":"Hajar Mirzaei, R. Hojatizadeh","doi":"10.22108/LIAR.2021.128749.2011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22108/LIAR.2021.128749.2011","url":null,"abstract":"(Im) politeness is a common linguistic phenomenon that is widely manifested in everyday social interaction either written or spoken. If different levels such as cognitive, emotional, esthetic & behavioral can be identified within a verbal interaction, (im) politeness is related to the last one. (Im) politeness which has a pragmatic feature & indicates the effectiveness & appropriateness of a verbal action in a given context, is one of the relatively new field of language & linguistic research that has not been considered so far in the analysis of Persian folktales language, which are context-audience-action based literary genres. Due to this fact, impoliteness is examined in the first part of Abu Muslim Nameh. The theoretical model of this research is adapted from Culpeper's manners of impoliteness and seeks to analyze data in the light of factors as: social norms, context, emotions & intentionality. Examples, extracted from the text, are analyzed based on statistical data obtained from the graphs. As the results testify, it is to indicate that out of 5 impoliteness manners, three ones means: negative & positive impoliteness & off record politeness are frequently used in the text. Positive impoliteness is most widely used, while withhold politeness is the least one in the text. Moreover, power, superiority & inferiority have not had much effect on the verbal impolite behavior of narrative characters & Men & women use impoliteness without significant difference.","PeriodicalId":30500,"journal":{"name":"Literary Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48898136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.22108/LIAR.2021.128472.2006
Akbar Sayadkoh, Hossein Shamsodini
One of the main factors in the emergence ofa literary style is the structural aberration and its frequency ina work which makes its language recognizable and prominent.Utilizing newstylistic methods foranalyzing literary texts paves the way for accessing an accurate knowledge of these texts.Addressing a variety of aberrations is one of the new ways of examining the style of texts that explores the literary work in all its linguistic, literary,andsemantic layers.In this article,fromthe linguistic point of view of Jeffrey Leach(1969)on structural aberrations,Attar Neyshabouri's lyric poems have been studied, and adescriptive-statistical analysis is provided.Statistical analysis of various aspects of phonetic and lexical aberrations in the first200 lyric poems of Attar Neyshabouri yielded important results.The high frequency of new Sufi compositions in Attar's sonnets, which is one of the stylistic highlights of his works,shows that Attar is a poet committed to mystical values and principles.This study also shows that phonetic aberrations, especially techniques such as elimination and reduction in the structure of words due to the need for sonance and weight restrictions, have been used more than any phonetic element in Attar's lyric poems.Attar has also devoted a significant part of his mystical themes and experiences to newly fashioned compositions with a Sufi approach.It is worth mentioning that these compositions created by Attar's Sufi mind and language have not been used in any other prose or poetry beforehand.Only about20%of the compositions created by Attar have been resonated in later poets’ works, and the rest of these compositions remain peculiar to Attar's poetry.
{"title":"An Investigation of Structural Deviations in Attar Neishabouri’s Sonnets (Based on Geoffrey Leech’s Linguistic Theory)","authors":"Akbar Sayadkoh, Hossein Shamsodini","doi":"10.22108/LIAR.2021.128472.2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22108/LIAR.2021.128472.2006","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main factors in the emergence ofa literary style is the structural aberration and its frequency ina work which makes its language recognizable and prominent.Utilizing newstylistic methods foranalyzing literary texts paves the way for accessing an accurate knowledge of these texts.Addressing a variety of aberrations is one of the new ways of examining the style of texts that explores the literary work in all its linguistic, literary,andsemantic layers.In this article,fromthe linguistic point of view of Jeffrey Leach(1969)on structural aberrations,Attar Neyshabouri's lyric poems have been studied, and adescriptive-statistical analysis is provided.Statistical analysis of various aspects of phonetic and lexical aberrations in the first200 lyric poems of Attar Neyshabouri yielded important results.The high frequency of new Sufi compositions in Attar's sonnets, which is one of the stylistic highlights of his works,shows that Attar is a poet committed to mystical values and principles.This study also shows that phonetic aberrations, especially techniques such as elimination and reduction in the structure of words due to the need for sonance and weight restrictions, have been used more than any phonetic element in Attar's lyric poems.Attar has also devoted a significant part of his mystical themes and experiences to newly fashioned compositions with a Sufi approach.It is worth mentioning that these compositions created by Attar's Sufi mind and language have not been used in any other prose or poetry beforehand.Only about20%of the compositions created by Attar have been resonated in later poets’ works, and the rest of these compositions remain peculiar to Attar's poetry.","PeriodicalId":30500,"journal":{"name":"Literary Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48063435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-17DOI: 10.22108/LIAR.2021.128069.1998
M. Bashiri, N. Ansari
AbstractAlnamehnameh and Khavarannameh are prominent examples of religious epics of the fifth and ninth centuries in Persian literature, which are described in order to describe the wars of Islam under the command of Imam Ali (as). Epic elements are formed according to the content and content of the stories, and the structure is drawn according to how the theme is drawn. Comparative analysis of modern epic elements in ancient epics is the main topic of this article. In these two systems, the main elements of the epic; It consists of a narrative format, heroism, time, place, elements and extraordinary forces, and the imitation of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is clearly manifested in the fields of speech, word and content.The results of this study indicate that; Although the two poems are very similar in appearance and epic elements, the theme and form of the epic elements in the stories are different; Although these two books are strong in the fields of habit and narrative, the popularity and absence of the heroes of these two poems from high moral qualities has caused the general public to consider the main protagonist as an example and manifestation of their ideal and epic man.
{"title":"A comparative study of epic elements in Alinameh and Khavarannameh","authors":"M. Bashiri, N. Ansari","doi":"10.22108/LIAR.2021.128069.1998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22108/LIAR.2021.128069.1998","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAlnamehnameh and Khavarannameh are prominent examples of religious epics of the fifth and ninth centuries in Persian literature, which are described in order to describe the wars of Islam under the command of Imam Ali (as). Epic elements are formed according to the content and content of the stories, and the structure is drawn according to how the theme is drawn. Comparative analysis of modern epic elements in ancient epics is the main topic of this article. In these two systems, the main elements of the epic; It consists of a narrative format, heroism, time, place, elements and extraordinary forces, and the imitation of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is clearly manifested in the fields of speech, word and content.The results of this study indicate that; Although the two poems are very similar in appearance and epic elements, the theme and form of the epic elements in the stories are different; Although these two books are strong in the fields of habit and narrative, the popularity and absence of the heroes of these two poems from high moral qualities has caused the general public to consider the main protagonist as an example and manifestation of their ideal and epic man.","PeriodicalId":30500,"journal":{"name":"Literary Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47980631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The present study examines the works of Saeed Akef, as a major writer of the Holy Defense Literature, in terms of linguistic signs and how they are employed to convey ideas. A close analysis of such works reveals how linguistic and literary techniques are employed in the service of an ideological apparatus. The results indicate that the author’s intimate eloquence and abundant use of rhetorical techniques and Qur’anic terms, intentional and functional titles, allusive language, and religious satire are key features of Akef’s ideologically intense discourse. 1. Introduction The imposed war against Iran was undeniably a period of crisis and difficulties, yet it brought about blessings, particularly in the postwar era. Some scholars and artists, some of whom had first-hand experience of the war, depicted a victorious and epic image of the event through their memories and works. Saeed Akef is a literary figure in Resistance Literature. His memories and writings reflect his own experience as well as companionship with soldiers in the war. The Story of Winter, The Soft Soils of Kushk, Embankment Vacancy, Dance in the Heart of Fire, The Heavenly Travelers, Hajar in Waiting, Wonderful Memories, and Breeze of Destiny are some of his notable books. 2. Discussion Language carries and forms, and is also formed by, the dominant ideology. Any individual writing is a conscious or unconscious reflection of the personal ontology, values, attitudes, feelings, and prejudices of the time he lives in. Thus, verbal actions and reactions are closely associated with certain social belief systems (Fotouhi, 2013: 345). A linguistic and semiotic analysis of memoirs and the literature of the Holy Defense reveals that they follow a densely ideological discourse and are replete with value-bound elements. These features distinguish the Holy Defense literature from other contemporary writings. 2.1. Linguistic elements and induction of thought Words and expressions with religious connotations are linguistic notions projecting the inner feelings of the writer. They are highly motivating and link the writer's intention with the textual interpretation of the writing. Akef’s oeuvre abounds with his ideological orientations and represents omnipresence of God in human life, and the functionality of the Holy Book, and belief in the other world in realizing human aspirations. 2.2. Interactions between the literature and ideology Literary techniques and rhetorical aesthetics are rarely observed in the works of Akef. In fact, he adopts a simple and direct discourse in conveying the intended idea to the reader and mostly averts literary figures such as symbolism and metaphoric language. 3. Conclusion A linguistic examination of the writings of Saeed Akef shows that colloquial and direct language is the stylistic key he adopts in rendering his ideas and keeping the interest of his readers. Results of our analysis demonstrate that religious and revolutionary terms, mystic discourse
{"title":"Evaluating the Relationship between Linguistic and Literary Elements with Author’s Ideology in Saeed Akef’s Works","authors":"Hamid Jafari Ghariyeh Ali, Zahra Sayyedyazdi, Nahid Miri","doi":"10.22108/LIAR.2021.125779.1940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22108/LIAR.2021.125779.1940","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study examines the works of Saeed Akef, as a major writer of the Holy Defense Literature, in terms of linguistic signs and how they are employed to convey ideas. A close analysis of such works reveals how linguistic and literary techniques are employed in the service of an ideological apparatus. The results indicate that the author’s intimate eloquence and abundant use of rhetorical techniques and Qur’anic terms, intentional and functional titles, allusive language, and religious satire are key features of Akef’s ideologically intense discourse. 1. Introduction The imposed war against Iran was undeniably a period of crisis and difficulties, yet it brought about blessings, particularly in the postwar era. Some scholars and artists, some of whom had first-hand experience of the war, depicted a victorious and epic image of the event through their memories and works. Saeed Akef is a literary figure in Resistance Literature. His memories and writings reflect his own experience as well as companionship with soldiers in the war. The Story of Winter, The Soft Soils of Kushk, Embankment Vacancy, Dance in the Heart of Fire, The Heavenly Travelers, Hajar in Waiting, Wonderful Memories, and Breeze of Destiny are some of his notable books. 2. Discussion Language carries and forms, and is also formed by, the dominant ideology. Any individual writing is a conscious or unconscious reflection of the personal ontology, values, attitudes, feelings, and prejudices of the time he lives in. Thus, verbal actions and reactions are closely associated with certain social belief systems (Fotouhi, 2013: 345). A linguistic and semiotic analysis of memoirs and the literature of the Holy Defense reveals that they follow a densely ideological discourse and are replete with value-bound elements. These features distinguish the Holy Defense literature from other contemporary writings. 2.1. Linguistic elements and induction of thought Words and expressions with religious connotations are linguistic notions projecting the inner feelings of the writer. They are highly motivating and link the writer's intention with the textual interpretation of the writing. Akef’s oeuvre abounds with his ideological orientations and represents omnipresence of God in human life, and the functionality of the Holy Book, and belief in the other world in realizing human aspirations. 2.2. Interactions between the literature and ideology Literary techniques and rhetorical aesthetics are rarely observed in the works of Akef. In fact, he adopts a simple and direct discourse in conveying the intended idea to the reader and mostly averts literary figures such as symbolism and metaphoric language. 3. Conclusion A linguistic examination of the writings of Saeed Akef shows that colloquial and direct language is the stylistic key he adopts in rendering his ideas and keeping the interest of his readers. Results of our analysis demonstrate that religious and revolutionary terms, mystic discourse","PeriodicalId":30500,"journal":{"name":"Literary Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45721589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-21DOI: 10.22108/LIAR.2021.127920.1996
Omid Zakeri
Farokhi Sistȃni is one of the poets whose lyrics contain the features of some of the important social classes. In this article, those propositions of his lyrics which faintly show the emotive aspects of the relationship between the lover and the beloved are regarded as an indication of the weaknesses of his lyric language. Such features as the preference of dominance over beloved, the preference of lover to beloved, and indication of unnatural love cause his lyric language to be weakened, which is itself under the influence of the fundamental social and historical structures of his own era. The presence of such a kind of love in his language consequently leads to the creation of non-lyric propositions in his poetry. However, such social propositions in his lyrics-which are not in accord with the lyric norms- could not be solely interpreted as an individual behavior, but a representation of the behavior of a total social class, an issue which is explainable on the basis of the social and historical reality of the era. Based on the prevalent viewpoints of sociology of literature, and analyzing the poetic propositions, the author is to show the relationship between Farokhi's lyric language and the total structure of his society.
{"title":"Sociological analysis of the weaknesses of the lyric language of Farokhi Sistȃni's lyrics","authors":"Omid Zakeri","doi":"10.22108/LIAR.2021.127920.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22108/LIAR.2021.127920.1996","url":null,"abstract":"Farokhi Sistȃni is one of the poets whose lyrics contain the features of some of the important social classes. In this article, those propositions of his lyrics which faintly show the emotive aspects of the relationship between the lover and the beloved are regarded as an indication of the weaknesses of his lyric language. Such features as the preference of dominance over beloved, the preference of lover to beloved, and indication of unnatural love cause his lyric language to be weakened, which is itself under the influence of the fundamental social and historical structures of his own era. The presence of such a kind of love in his language consequently leads to the creation of non-lyric propositions in his poetry. However, such social propositions in his lyrics-which are not in accord with the lyric norms- could not be solely interpreted as an individual behavior, but a representation of the behavior of a total social class, an issue which is explainable on the basis of the social and historical reality of the era. Based on the prevalent viewpoints of sociology of literature, and analyzing the poetic propositions, the author is to show the relationship between Farokhi's lyric language and the total structure of his society.","PeriodicalId":30500,"journal":{"name":"Literary Arts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46641874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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